Department of Physiology

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    Polyphenol-rich extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) leaves ameliorated cadmium-induced alterations in feeding pattern and urine volume of male Wistar rats
    (ScopeMed, 2015-11-13) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    Aim: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA) on the feeding pattern of rats that were exposed to cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats, weighing 160-180 g, were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each as follows; Group 1 received distilled water orally (0.2 ml/100 g), daily, throughout the period of study. Group 2 received Cd alone (in the form of CdSO4) at 5 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal route for 5 consecutive days. Group 3 were pre-treated with Cd as Group 2 and thereafter left untreated for a period of 4-week. After the oral lethal dose of PEVA was determined, Groups 4, 5, and 6 were pre-treated with Cd as Group 2 after which they received graded doses of PEVA at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day (0.2 ml/100 g), respectively via oral route for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected for some plasma biochemical assays while urine samples were collected using metabolic cages. Results: PEVA administration significantly increased (P < 0.05) the body weight and feeding patterns that were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by Cd toxicity. PEVA also significantly reinstated the plasma antioxidant status, as well as glucose and urine volume of the rats toward control values (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PEVA can be an herbal alternative in the treatment or management of subjects manifesting alterations in feeding pattern and urine volume that is Cd-induced
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    Treatment with methanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum (Linn.) leaf reversibly normalizes urine protein-creatinine ratio in Wistar rat model of gentamicin-induced kidney injury
    (licensee Michael Joanna Publications, 2016-01-10) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    Background: Due to its rapid onset of action, high antibacterial efficacy and low cost, gentamicin (GEN) is still been used (particularly in underdeveloped and developing countries) despite its nephrotoxic antibiotic effects. Experimental ethno-botanical evaluations are imperative in a world with increasing incidence of kidney injury; a condition that is expensive to treat or manage. Aim: Effects of methanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum (Linn.) leaf (MOGL) on urine protein creatinine ratio (UPC) was determined in rats with GEN-induced kidney injury. Methods: This study involved the use of 50 rats such that graded doses of MOGL (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) were administered following 8 days exposure to GEN (100 mg/kg i.p) and comparison were made against the control, toxic, 2 weeks and 4 weeks MOGL treatment groups at p <0.05. Results: GEN induced nephrotoxicity as depicted by significant perturbations in plasma and urine levels of creatinine and total protein (p <0.05); significantly lowered creatinine clearance and abnormal elevations of UPC as well as deleterious alterations of the kidney antioxidant system (GSH and TBARS) (p <0.05). Histopathological examination showed glomerular atrophy, formation of densely eosinophilic/ colloid cast within the tubules and severe loss of cellular constituents in the medullary interstitium. When compared with the control, these conditions were significantly normalized after 2 week MOGL treatment (p <0.05) with a deleterious reversal from normalcy at 4 week MOGL treatment (p <0.05). Conclusion: This study substantiated that MOGL has therapeutic potentials that becomes deleterious after sub-chronic administration in rat model of GEN-induced kidney injury.
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    Effects of two weeks administration of Ocimum gratissimum leaf on feeding pattern and markers of renal function in rats treated with gentamicin
    (elsevier, 2016-07-13) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    This study investigated the effects of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaf (AOGL) on some markers of renal function in rats with gentamicin-induced nephropathy. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were used for this study. They were divided into 5 groups as follows: Group 1 (the control) (n = 5) received distilled water daily by oral route for the whole period of the study. Group 2 (the toxic control) (n = 10) received 100 mg/kg/day of gentamicin i.p. for a week. Groups 3, 4, and 5 (n = 5) were pre-treated with gentamicin as the Group 2 rats, after which they received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day each of AOGL p.o., respectively, for 14 days. Rats in each groups were placed inside separate metabolic cages to obtain their food consumption, water intake and urine output for 24 hours after the last administration. Markers of renal function such as creatinine, urea and total protein were determined both in the plasma and urine. Oxidative stress markers such as TBARS and GSH were assayed in the tissue homogenate. Creatinine clearance was calculated using a standard formula. Genta micin treatment induced significant (p < 0.05) increases in urine output, plasma urea, creatinine, urinary protein, relative kidney weight and TBARS in the toxic control when compared to the control group. Significant decreases (p < 0.05) in urine creatinine and GSH were also as sociated with gentamicin administration. Post-treatment with AOGL caused significant increases in food consumption, body weight, water intake, urine creatinine, and GSH, and significant (p < 0.05) decreases in urine output, plasma creatinine, urea, TBARS and urine total protein in the treated groups when compared with the toxic control group. This further evident by a significant improvement or reversal of the histopathological alterations of kidney tissues in the groups treated with AOGL. The results of this study indicated that AOGL ameliorated the kidney injury caused by gentamicin in rats. Hence, the extracts have the potential of being used for the management of gentamicin-induced nephropathies
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    Effect of Crude and Decaffeinated Extracts of Cola nitida Seeds on Male Reproductive System in Swiss Albino Rats
    (2016-10-03) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    Background: Caffeine is present in kola nut and xanthine stimulants which are used as a psychoactive drug. Therefore, the effect of kola nut (Cola nitida) extract was carried out on male reproductive system in male albino rats. Aim and Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the effect of oral administration of Crude Extract of Kola (CEK) and Decaffeinated Extract of Kola (DEK) on the reproductive function in male Swiss albino rats. Material and Methods: Twenty-four adult male albino rats were used for this study, they were assigned into three groups consisting eight rats each. Group 1 (control group) received (8mg/kgbw) of distilled water for six weeks, Group 2 (crude extract group) received (8mg/kg bw) of CEK for six weeks, and Group 3 (decaffeinated extract group) was treated with (8mg/kg bw) of DEK for six weeks. Result: CEK showed no significant decrease in the body weight and sperm count when compared with the control group. No significant difference in seminal parameter (motility, morphology, viability), organ weight (testis) and hormonal assay (testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone) when compared with the control group. DEK showed no significant different in body weight, hormonal assay (testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone, seminal parameter (sperm viability, count, morphology and motility), organ weight (testes and epipidymis) of the animal; however significant increase was observed in luteinizing hormone when compared with control group. Asignificant increase in the sperm count of decaffeinated group was observed (p = 0.02) when compared with crude group. Conclusion: This study indicates that CEK and DEK have little effects on male reproductive system.
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    Studies on the Estimation of Stature from Hand and Foot Length of an Individual
    (2016-10-13) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    ackground: Studies on the estimation of stature from hand and foot length of an individual are essential study in personal identification. Aim and Objectives: This study is to find out correlation between statures with hand and foot dimensions in both sexes and gender comparison from an individual in Lautech Staff College in Ogbomoso and College ogbomoso and College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Material and Methods: A sample of 140 students and staff; 70 male and 70 female Students and staff of Lautech Staff College in Ogbomoso and College ogbomoso and College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, between 16-35years were considered and measurements were taken for each of the parameters. Gender differences for the two parameters were determined using Student t-test. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used to examine the relationship between two anthropometric parameters and standing height (stature). All these measurements were done by using standard anthropometric instruments and standard anthropometric techniques. Results: The findings of the study indicated that the males mean values are not significantly difference when compared with females mean values in all measured parameters. The study showed significant (p<0.001) positive correlation between the stature with hand lengths and foot lengths. The hand and foot length provide accurate and reliable means in establishing the height of an individual. Conclusion: This study will be useful for forensic scientists and anthropologists as well as anatomists in ascertain medico-legal cases.
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    Ocimum gratissimum Ameliorates Gentamicin-Induced Kidney Injury but Decreases Creatinine Clearance Following Sub-Chronic Administration in Rats
    (SAGE, 2017-01-07) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    The effects of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaf (AOGL) on the renal function of rats with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated. This study involved the use of forty five (45) adult male Wistar rats (housed in separate metabolic cages) such that graded doses of OAGL were administered to the experimental groups (p.o.) for 28 days after exposure to gentamicin toxicity (100 mg/kg i.p.) for 1 week. At the end of the study, comparisons of some indices of renal function as well as antioxidant status (GSH and TBARS) were made between the control, toxic and AOGL-treated groups at P < 0.05. The result showed that gentamicin treatment caused significant increase (P < .05) in urine output, urea, creatinine, total protein, relative kidney weight, and TBARS, as well as significant decrease (P < .05) in urine creatinine and GSH levels. Post-treatment with graded doses of AOGL caused significant increase in food consumption, GSH, urine, and plasma creatinine, as well as significant decrease (P < .05) in relative kidney weight, TBARS, and urine total protein. There was an appreciable difference in the kidney histology of the AOGL-treated groups when compared with the toxic control. Hence, the extract has therapeutic potential in the man agement of gentamicin-induced kidney injury, although a risk profile of renal dysfunction is not unlikely from 28 days of admin istration as evident by the decrease in creatinine clearance
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    Acetonic extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) attenuates Cd-induced liver injury: Potential application in adjuvant heavy metal therapy
    (elseviier, 2018-02-27) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    Exposure to cadmium (Cd), even at low doses, is of serious health concern because it does not undergo metabolic degradation to less toxic metabolite. Liver injury/disease, with a world-wide increasing incidence, is one of the consequences of exposure to Cd toxicity. This study aimed at determining the effects of acetonic extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (AEVAL) in a Wistar rat model of Cd-induced liver injury. Phytochemical screening of the extract was carried out and its oral LD50 was determined to guide the choice of therapeutic doses. Thereafter, thirty male Wistar rats were recruited for this study. The experimental groups received 4 weeks oral graded doses of the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) following Cd-induced liver injury. Cd-induced liver injury (5 mg/ kg i.p for 5 consecutive days) was characterized by deleterious alterations in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin and hepatic total protein (p ˂ 0.05). Also, deleterious alteration of oxidative stress indicators (GSH, SOD and CAT) and lipid peroxidation index (TBARS) was observed in the liver homogenates. Histopathological ex amination showed evidence of degenerated hepatocytes as well as inflammation with disseminated steatosis. These conditions were significantly attenuated (p ˂ 0.05) following treatment with graded doses of the extract, with the highest dose expressing least therapeutic effects. This study concluded that AEVAL attenuated Cd induced liver injury and is, potentially, a suitable option in adjuvant therapy for heavy metal toxicity
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    Effects of n-Hexane Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Momordica charantia Leaves on Learning and Memory in Scopolamine-induced Rat Model of Dementia
    (LASU Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019) Fajemidagba Grace Ayobami
    Objective: Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil are being used to improve memory in people with dementia, but adverse effects associated with the use of these drugs coupled with cost have limited their use, hence the need to explore options in medicinal plants for the treatment of dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the memory restorative effects of n-hexane extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and Momordica charantia (MC) in scopolamine-induced dementia in Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six treatment groups as follows: Control, Scopolamine only (1  mg/kg  b.w), Donepezil (2  mg/kg  b.w) + scopolamine (1  mg/kg  b.w), OG (400 mg/kg b.w) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w), MC (400 mg/kg b.w) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w) and co-administration of OG and MC (400 mg/kg b.w each) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w). The animals were treated for 15 days. Morris water maze, light and dark box test were conducted to evaluate learning and memory. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities were also assessed using thiobarbituric acid procedure and Ellman method respectively. Results: The result showed a significant reduction in escape latency, MDA level, AchE activity and a significant increase in the probing frequency in OG + scopolamine; MC + scopolamine and OG, MC + scopolamine treated groups when compared to the scopolamine only group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the escape latency, MDA, AchE activity and probing frequency between the extracts treated groups and donepenzil group. Conclusion: The study concludes that n-hexane leaves extracts of OG and MC have the ability to restore memory impairment induced by scopolamine.
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    EFFECTS OF WHOLE CANNABIS SATIVA INGESTION ON BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN MICE BRAIN TISSUES
    (Animal Research International, 2019-04-11) Akinsola Akinyele O
    The unregulated habitual use of whole Cannabis sativa remains a challenge for the potential medical usefulness of the plant. As a psychoactive substance with different physiological properties, the onset and extent of its effects are often a factor of the mode of consumption. This study evaluated the neuro-behavioural effects of daily oral ingestion of C. sativa and its modulatory changes in oxidative stress parameters in mice brain tissues. Twenty-five male Swiss albino mice were separated into 5 groups of 5 animals each. Cannabis-diet were prepared from whole dried cannabis and standard mice feed. Groups I – IV, were fed with 40, 20, 10 and 1 % cannabis-diet ad libitum for 14 days, while group V animals were fed the standard mice diet ad libitum for 14 days and served as control. Neuro-behavioural activities were assessed by observing animals rearing, grooming, ambulation, head dipping and freezing times. The brain oxidative stress parameters were assayed to determine the effect of cannabis oral consumption on activity in mice brain. The animals fed with cannabis-diet displayed significantly reduced anxiety but statistically insignificant locomotory function, exploratory tendencies and neophilia, in a quantity dependent manner relative to the controls. Cannabis demonstrated both antioxidant and oxidative stress tendencies. Ingestion of whole cannabis plants may not adversely influence neuro-behavioural patterns in animals. A trade-off between oxidative stress induction and brain tissue injury repair mechanisms may have been elicited by different constituents of Cannabis. Thus, oral ingestion of cannabis may not readily cause changes in neuro-behavioural patterns.
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    Nuerobehavioural Investigation of The Role/S of Moringa Oleifera On 3-Nitropropionic Acid Model of Huntington’s Disease
    (2019-09) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairment that contribute to the death of striatial neurons and psychiatric symptoms. Systemic administration of 3-Nitropropionic Acid (3-NP) cause selective striatial degeneration similar to that seen in HD. Recent studies clearly demonstrate that increase oxidative stress is one of the major deleterious even in the 3-NP-induced neurodegenerative process. Moringa oleifera (MO) has been studied for the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the Neurobehavioral role of MO following 3-NP model of Huntington's disease. Methodology: Thirty-two adult mice weighting between 25-32g were used and divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), Group A serves as the control (Received food and ad libitum), B (Received MO+3-NP), C (Received only 3-NP) and D (Received 3-NP + MO) 3-Nitropropionic Acid (20mg/kg for 7 days) were induced intraperitoneal to the animals. MO were administer orally (250mg/kg) for a period of 7 days. Weights of the animals were checked periodically using the Acucuscope weighing Balance. Neurobehavioral assessment was carried out after administration. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment Neurotransmitters- Dopamine and Glutamate were assayed in tissue homogenates and the levels were quantified. Results showed increased tissue levels of glutamate and dopamine and impaired neurobehavioural parameters in the Huntington's group, while the preventive group showed some degree of preservation of the normal parameters. Conclusion: 3-Np induced huntington's disease model in mice as expected with the characteristics of increased tissue levels of glutamate and dopamine and impaired behavioural and locomotive indices.
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    Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum (Linn.) Leaf Reversibly Normalizes the Antioxidant Activities of Rats with Gentamicin Induced Liver Injury
    (2019-09-03) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    Objective: the objective of the work is to investigate the ameliorative effect of aqueous and methanolic extract of ocimum gratissimum (linn) on gentamicin-induced liver injury. Forty five adult male Wistar rats were used for this study. They were divided into 5 groups as follows: Group 1 (the control) (n = 5) received distilled water daily by oral route for the whole period of the study. Group 2 (the toxic control) (n = 10) received 100 mg/kg/day of gentamicin i.p. for a week. Groups 3, 4, and 5 (n = 5) were pre-treated with gentamicin as the Group 2 rats, after which they received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day each of AOGL p.o., Groups 6, 7, and 8 (n = 5) were pre-treated with gentamicin as the Group 2 rats, after which they received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day each of MOGL p.o., respectively, for 14 days. Markers of liver function such as ALT, AST, ALP, Total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin and total protein were determined in the plasma. Oxidative stress markers such as TBARS and GSH were assayed in the tissue homogenate. Gentamicin treatment induced significant (p < 0.05) increases in ALT, AST, ALP, Total bilirubin and total protein and TBARS in the toxic control when compared to the control group. Significant decreases (p < 0.05) in GSH was also associated with gentamicin administration. Post-treatment with AOGL caused significant increases in and GSH, and significant (p < 0.05) decreases in ALT, AST, ALP, Total bilirubin and total protein in the treated groups when compared with the toxic control group. The results of this study indicated that AOGL ameliorated the liver injury caused by gentamicin in rats. Hence, the extracts have the potential of being used for the management of gentamicin-induced liver injury.
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    Nuerobehavioural Investigation of The Role/S of Moringa Oleifera On 3-Nitropropionic Acid Model of Huntington’s Disease
    (2019-09-07) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairment that contribute to the death of striatial neurons and psychiatric symptoms. Systemic administration of 3-Nitropropionic Acid (3-NP) cause selective striatial degeneration similar to that seen in HD. Recent studies clearly demonstrate that increase oxidative stress is one of the major deleterious even in the 3-NP-induced neurodegenerative process. Moringa oleifera (MO) has been studied for the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the Neurobehavioral role of MO following 3-NP model of Huntington's disease. Methodology: Thirty-two adult mice weighting between 25-32g were used and divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), Group A serves as the control (Received food and ad libitum), B (Received MO+3-NP), C (Received only 3-NP) and D (Received 3-NP + MO) 3-Nitropropionic Acid (20mg/kg for 7 days) were induced intraperitoneal to the animals. MO were administer orally (250mg/kg) for a period of 7 days. Weights of the animals were checked periodically using the Acucuscope weighing Balance. Neurobehavioral assessment was carried out after administration. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment Neurotransmitters- Dopamine and Glutamate were assayed in tissue homogenates and the levels were quantified. Results showed increased tissue levels of glutamate and dopamine and impaired neurobehavioural parameters in the Huntington's group, while the preventive group showed some degree of preservation of the normal parameters. Conclusion: 3-Np induced huntington's disease model in mice as expected with the characteristics of increased tissue levels of glutamate and dopamine and impaired behavioural and locomotive indices.
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    Histomophological Study of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa on Hormonally Induced Prostatic Enlargement of Adult Wistar Rat
    (2019-12-07) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    Abstract: - Aim: to investigate some effects of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on induced benign prostatic hyperplasia. Material and Method: Forty eight male adult wistar rats weighing between 190g and 220g were used for the study. They were acclimatized for 2 weeks and fed with standard rat chow and water ad libitum before the study. They were divided into six groups. Group1- control group received 0.3ml of corn oil, others were induced for BPH with hormones (200µg Testosterone and 100µg estradiol) for 3 weeks; after induction Group 2 took distilled water, Group 3 received 0.71g of finasteride, Group 4, 5 and 6 received 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9g/kg bw Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS), respectively. The prostate were excised, processed and stained with H&E and Masson Trichrome. Result: The weight of group 4, 5 and 6 rats decrease compared to group 2 rats. There were pronounced reduction in the mucosal (epithelial) and fibromuscular stroma hyperplasia of the treated groups when compared with the group 2 rats. Conclusion: This indicates that the test herb has no adverse effect on prostatic parameters of healthy rats and also shows that Hibiscus sabdariffa extract can be viewed as a candidate novel medication for benign prostate hyperplasia therapy.
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    Chemotherapeutic Interaction of Vernonia Amygdalina (Delile) Leaf Extract with Artesunate and Amodiaquine in Murine Malaria Model
    (Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020-03-27) Osirim, Esthinsheen
    Aim of the Study: Conventional antimalarial drugs are used concurrently with herbal remedies in malarial endemic developing countries. Vernonia amygdalina is one of such popular herbs used in the treatment of malaria. This study aimed at investigating the antimalarial chemotherapeutic interaction of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) when combined with Amodiaquine (AQ) and/or Artesunate (AS) in a murine Plasmodium berghei malaria model. Methodology: Various doses of aqueous VA leaf extract (100-500 mg/kg/day), AQ (2-10 mg/kg/day) and AS (0.8-4 mg/kg/day) were administered orally to P berghei.-infected Swiss albino mice to determine their sub-therapeutic doses. These doses were subsequently used to investigate the chemotherapeutic interactions of VA with AQ and/or AS in both early and established malaria infection test models. The survival of animals with established infections that received different drug/herb treatments were determined using their mean survival time (days) and Kaplan-Meier survival curves (percentage). Using GraphPad Instat (version 3.10) and PrismR (version 5.01) the data obtained were subjected to One-way ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The sub-therapeutic doses of VA, AQ and AS were found to be 100 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 2.4 mg/kg, respectively. The chemosuppressive effect of AQ or AS was significantly increased (p< 0.05) when administered in combination with the VA extract. Similarly, combination of VA extract with AQ or AS resulted in significant (P < .05) parasite clearance when compared to the effects of the herb or the conventional drugs administered separately. The mean survival period of animals with established infection was also significantly enhanced by the VA alone or with AQ (or AS) compared to placebo.
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    Clerodendrum volubile Ethanol Leaf Extract: A Potential Antidote to Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats
    (Journal of Toxicology, 2020-07-04) Akinsola Akinyele O
    Doxorubicin is widely applied in hematological and solid tumor treatment but limited by its off-target cardiotoxicity. us, cardioprotective potential and mechanism(s) of CVE in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity were investigated using cardiac and ox idative stress markers and histopathological endpoints. 50–400mg/kg/day CVE in 5% DMSO in distilled water were investigated in Wistar rats intraperitoneally injected with 2.5mg/kg DOX on alternate days for 14days, using serum troponin I and LDH, complete lipid profile, cardiac tissue oxidative stress marker assays, and histopathological examination of DOX-treated cardiac tissue. Preliminary qualitative and quantitative assays of CVE’s secondary metabolites were also conducted. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of flavonoids (34.79±0.37mg/100mg dry extract), alkaloids (36.73±0.27mg/100mg dry extract), reducing sugars (07.78±0.09mg/100mg dryextract), and cardiac glycosides (24.55±0.12mg/100mg dry extract). 50–400mg/kg/ day CVEsignificantly attenuated increases in the serum LDH and troponin I levels. Similarly, the CVE dose unrelatedly decreased serum TG and VLDL-c levels without significant alterations in the serum TC, HDL-c, and LDL-c levels. Also, CVE profoundly attenuated alterations in the cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers’ activities while improving DOX-associated cardiac histo logical lesions that were possibly mediated via free radical scavenging and/or antioxidant mechanisms. Overall, CVE may play a significant therapeutic role in the management of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in humans.
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    Orange Peel extract Corrected Lipid Dysmetabolism and Pro- inflammation, but not Deranged Antioxidant and Hormonal Status in Orchidectomised Rats
    (Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences, 2020-07-10) Ojetola, Abodunrin
    Background: Testosterone is a metabolic hormone; therefore, its absence would affect food metabolism, and subsequently a wide array of associated endogenous processes, including oxidative and inflammatory events. Contrarily, orange peel is known to be rich in flavonoids, which have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, asides from their modulatory roles on lipolysis and lipogenesis. Hence, we investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of orange peel (EEOP) on antioxidant, inflammatory, and lipid and reproductive hormonal profiles in experimental animal. Methods: The rats were divided into four groups (N=10), which included: Control (Sham orchidectomised) (group 1); Orchidectomised (Orchid) (group 2); Orchidectomised + Low dose of orange peel (Orchid + LDOP) (group 3); and Orchidectomised + High dose of orange peel (Orchid + HDOP) (group 4). EEOP was administered at a low and high dose of 200 and 600 mg/kg BW, p.o. respectively; however, normal saline (vehicle) was administered at 1 ml/kg BW, p.o. to groups 1 and 2 throughout the four weeks duration of the experiment. Results: Castration was accompanied by dsylipidaemia, without alteration of oxidative, inflammatory, and reproductive hormonal status. Although EEOP reversed alterations in lipid metabolism back to the baseline, it neither showed significant effects on oxidative markers (SOD, catalase, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde) nor reproductive hormone (testosterone, FSH and LH) profile, even though it significantly reduced uric acid. The effects of EEOP were not dose-graded, except in the MDA result, which was significantly higher in group 3, relative to group 4. Conclusion: EEOP corrected lipid dysmetabolism and pro- inflammation, but not deranged antioxidant and hormonal status in a dose-independent manner in orchidectomised rats.
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    Cerebellar Cortex and the Behaviour of Mice (Mus Musculus) Following the Administration of Palm Wine
    (2020-08-07) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    Abstract: Aim:-To investigates the histomorphological studies of the cerebellar cortex and the behaviour of mice after palm wine administration. Material and Method:- 40 adult mice (25-30g) were grouped into (A, B, C and D) comprised of 10 mice each. They were kept in plastic cages and fed with feed and water ad libitum. Group A (control group) received distilled water, group B ,C and D received 14.3ml/kg daily palm wine,14.3ml/kg palm wine every other day and 14.3ml/kg 50% diluted palm wine every other day respectively, orally for four weeks. They were weighted using weighing balance, the neurobehavioral evaluation was performed using the open field maze and the health status was appraised by the rectal temperature. After the last dose of administration, the animals were anaesthetized; the cerebellum was excised, weighed and fixed in 10% formal saline for H&E, Cresyl fast violet and bieschowsky silver stain techniques. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA at p<0.05 followed by a posthoc test, results were expressed as mean S.E.M. Results;- decrease in the rectal temperature of the entire treated group when compared to the control group, relative weight of the cerebellum was higher in the treated group compared to control, neurobehavioral observations (motor parameters) showed difference between treated mice compared to control. Histological observations showed vacuolation and slight degeneration of Purkinje neuron cell bodies except in group D animals. Conclusion:- The study showed that palm wine intake on regular basis may affect the histoarchitecture of the cerebellum, neurobehavioural activities such as locomotion and balancing
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    African Vegetables (Clerodendrum volibile Leaf and Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extracts) Effectively Mitigate Trastuzumab Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats
    (Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020-10-15) Akinsola Akinyele O
    Trastuzumab (TZM) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that has been approved for the clinical management of HER2-positive metastatic breast and gastric cancers but its use is limited by its cumulative dose and off-target cardiotoxicity. Unfortunately, till date, there is no approved antidote to this off-target toxicity. Therefore, an acute study was designed at investigating the protective potential and mechanism(s) of CVE and IGE in TZM-induced cardiotoxicity utilizing cardiac enzyme and oxidative stress markers and histopathological endpoints. 400mg/kg/day CVE and IGE dissolved in 5% DMSO in sterile water were investigated in Wistar rats injected with 2.25mg/kg/day/i.p. route of TZM for 7 days, using serum cTnI and LDH, complete lipid profile, cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers assays, and histopathological examination of TZM-intoxicated heart tissue. Results showed that 400mg/kg/day CVE and IGE profoundly attenuated increases in the serum cTnI and LDH levels but caused no significant alterations in the serum lipids and weight gain pattern in the treated rats. CVE and IGE profoundly attenuated alterations in the cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers’ activities while improving TZM-associated cardiac histological lesions. These results suggest that CVE and IGE could be mediating its cardioprotection via antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and antithrombotic mechanisms, thus, highlighting the therapeutic potentials of CVE and IGE in the management of TZM-mediated cardiotoxicity.
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    Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract: An Effective Attenuator of Doxorubicin-Mediated Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats
    (Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020-10-23) Akinsola Akinyele O
    Cardiotoxicity as an off-target effect of doxorubicin therapy is a major limiting factor for its clinical use as a choice cytotoxic agent. Seeds of Irvingia gabonensis have been reported to possess both nutritional and medicinal values which include antidiabetic, weight losing, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidative effects. Protective effects of Irvingia gabonensis ethanol seed extract (IGESE) was investigated in doxorubicin (DOX)-mediated cardiotoxicity induced with single intraperitoneal injection of 15mg/kg of DOX following the oral pretreatments of Wistar rats with 100-400mg/kg/day of IGESE for 10 days, using serum cardiac enzyme markers (cardiac troponin I (cTI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers (catalase (CAT), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and reduced glutathione (GSH)), and cardiac histopathology endpoints. In addition, both qualitative and quantitative analyses to determine IGESE’s secondary metabolites profile and its in vitro antioxidant activities were also conducted. Results revealed that serum cTnI and LDH were significantly elevated by the DOX treatment. Similarly, activities of tissue SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH levels were profoundly reduced, while GPx activity and MDA levels were profoundly increased by DOX treatment. These biochemical changes were associated with microthrombi formation in the DOX-treated cardiac tissues on histological examination. However, oral pretreatments with 100-400mg/kg/day of IGESE dissolved in 5% DMSO in distilled water significantly attenuated increases in the serum cTnI and LDH, prevented significant alterations in the serum lipid profile and the tissue activities and levels of oxidative stress markers while improving cardiovascular disease risk indices and DOX-induced histopathological lesions. The in vitro antioxidant studies showed IGESE to have good antioxidant profile and contained 56 major secondary metabolites prominent among which are γ-sitosterol, Phytol, neophytadiene, stigmasterol, vitamin E, hexadecanoic acid and its ethyl ester, Phytyl palmitate, campesterol, lupeol, and squalene. Overall, both the in vitro and in vivo findings indicate that IGESE may be a promising prophylactic cardioprotective agent against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, at least in part mediated via IGESE’s antioxidant and free radical scavenging and antithrombotic mechanisms.
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    Morphological and Histochemical Investigation of the Role (S) of Moringa Oleifera (Lam) on 3- Nitropropionic Acid Model of Huntington’s disease
    (2020-11-10) Ogundipe, Oluwadare
    Abstract: Aim: This study evaluated the role of Moringe Oleifera (MO) in the treatment of Huntington's disease induced by 3- Nitropropionic Acid (3-NP). Material and Method: Forty adult mice weighting between 25-32g were used and divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), Group A serves as the control (Received food and ad libitum), B (Received MO+3-NP), C (Received only 3-NP) and D (Received 3-NP + MO). 3- Nitropropionic Acid (20mg/kg) was administered to the animals intraperitoneal for 7 days. MO was administered orally (250mg/kg) for a period of 7 days. Weights of the animals were monitored periodically using the digital weighing balance. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and the brain tissue was excised for morphological and histochemical study. Results showed cyto-architecture derangement of the brain tissue in the Huntington's group, while the preventive group showed some degree of preservation of the tissue architecture. Conclusion: 3-Np induced huntington's disease model in mice as expected with the characteristics of demyelination, chromatolysis, exaggerated protein clumps aggregations on the tissue organ and Moringa oleifera shows little curative effect on the neuronal neuro-degeneration.