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Reproductive Potential of Selenium on Aluminium SulphateTreated Prepubertal Male Wistar Rats
(Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2025) Olaosun Oluwadamilare Solomon
Aluminium sulphate is commonly used for water treatment and excessive exposure to it has an adverse influence on testicular functions. Selenium (Se) is a trace element with a well-known antioxidant property. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of selenium on prepubertal testicular functions of Wistar rats exposed to aluminium sulphate (alum) in drinking water. Twenty prepubertal male rats (6-7 weeks old) were randomized into four groups. Control, Alum, Se, and Alum + Se. The testicular trace elements, oxidative/antioxidant enzyme activities, steroidogenic enzyme activity, inflammatory marker, serum reproductive hormones, epididymal sperm, and testicular morphology were evaluated. Alum exposure increased (p<0.05) testicular aluminium level, and reduced Se, iron, and molybdenum levels. The testicular antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase) activities and total antioxidant capacity were reduced (p<0.05) in the alum group, while total oxidant capacity, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde and levels increased significantly. Alum also reduced (p<0.05) 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, luteinizing hormone, folliclestimulating hormone, testosterone, triiodothyronine, sperm count, and motility. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were increased (p<0.05) in the alum group. Co-exposure to alum and Se reversed (p<0.05) testicular Al accumulation, decreased Se, iron, and some antioxidant enzyme activities, and increased TNF-α and 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Selenium mitigates aluminiuminduced testicular damage and spermatogenesis alteration in prepubertal male Wistar rats via a reduction in aluminium accumulation, oxidative, inflammatory markers, and improved testicular antioxidant enzyme activities.
A LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ACHIEVING NET-ZERO EMISSIONS: PATHWAYS TO ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE IN NIGERIA
(Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, 2026) Olanrewaju-Elufowoju Oluwatosin Kate
The struggle to achieve net-zero emissions is a unifier that facilitates cooperation between nations and highlights our shared humanity. Although fighting climate change requires global efforts, there is a responsibility on independent states to formulate actionable plans to achieve net-zero emissions in their respective jurisdictions. As a signatory to the Paris Agreement, Nigeria is obligated to strive towards achieving net-zero in the second half of the twenty-first century. In an audacious move at COP 21, Nigeria declared its ambition to achieve net-zero by 2060, forty years earlier than the deadline under the Paris Agreement. To achieve this, the country has enacted laws, formulated policies and even established a national council comprised of the highest political leaders in the country to ensure the implementation of frameworks established to enable the country achieve net-zero in due time. Using a qualitative research methodology, this study critically examines the causes of enhanced GHGs which are responsible for climate change, and the pathway to achieve net-zero. By evaluating the Climate Change Act 2021 and other relevant legal instruments, the study the current framework for achieving net-zero, with a view to proposing ways the current legal framework can be strengthened, to ensure net-zero in Nigeria.
Decomposition of Rural-Urban Inequality in the Usage of Mosquito Nets in Nigeria
(Ianna Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2026) Irelewuyi Moyinoluwa Deborah
Background of the study: According to the World Malaria Report, an estimated 249 million malaria cases occurred globally in 2022, with Nigeria accounting for over 1.3 million cases. Between 2009 and 2021, approximately 220 million insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) were distributed across 37 Nigerian states, resulting in increased usage among the general population and children under five. Despite these efforts, malaria incidence in Nigeria continues to show a cyclical pattern. Objective of the study: This study examined the decomposition of factors contributing to ruralurban inequality in the use of mosquito nets in Nigeria. Methodology: The study used the Blinder-Oaxaca Group Differences to decompose the determinants of rural-urban disparity in mosquito net utilisation. The data for this work were extracted from the 2021 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Surveys (NMIS), which were piloted from 12 October to 4 December 2021. The study used data from the female file (15–49 years). Results: Findings showed that educational gap, perception, north-south dichotomy, sex of the household head, disparity in wealth quintile in the rural-urban areas contributes positively and significantly to the inequality in the usage of mosquito net that exist in the rural-urban areas in Nigeria while a reduction in the age of the household head lower the inequality that exists in the usage of mosquito nets in the urban and rural areas. Conclusion: The findings empirically establish that disparities in mosquito net usage across Nigeria's rural and urban areas are significantly exacerbated by a complex interplay of socioeconomic factors. Specifically, the observed inequality is positively driven by educational gaps, wealth quintile disparity, the north-south dichotomy, perception, and the sex of the household head. Conversely, reducing the age of the household head is confirmed to be an effective factor in mitigating this rural-urban inequality. Unique Contribution: The research findings contribute to the understanding of the variables influencing ITN usage and provide insight into the factors that contribute to disparities in mosquito net usage in Nigeria's rural and urban areas. Key recommendations: This study emphasises the importance of establishing achievable targets to alleviate disparities in education, socioeconomic status, and perceptions between rural and urban areas. By addressing these underlying inequalities, the government can effectively mitigate the rural-urban disparities in mosquito net usage
Ethical Approaches to Conflict Management As A Panacea to Ethno Religious Conflicts in Africa
(The Faculty of Social Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, 2024) Salifu Gabriel
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the world has witnessed more violent ethnic and religious conflicts than it was the case hitherto. In his classic, the clash of civilization, Huntington (1996) noted that the post-cold war years witnessed not only the end of ideological war, but dramatic changes in people’s identities and a tilting of politics toward cultural lines. Since then, Africa has experienced serious conflicts in Somalia, Liberia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cote’d Ivoire, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Algeria, Rwanda, Nigeria, Eritrea, and Uganda among others. This works examined ethical approaches to conflict management as a panacea for ethno-religious conflicts in Africa. The study made use of both socio-ethical and historical approaches to achieve its aim. The research discovers that most ethno religious crises in Africa are predicated on economic change, political change, human migration and real or perceived injustice. The paper recommends that the various religious traditions in Africa should fully exploit opportunities for dialogue so as to ensure peaceful co-existence and harmonious relationships in spite of the pluralistic nature of the continent
Influence of Personality Traits and Work Commitment on the Job Performance of Public Secondary School Teachers in Ondo State, Nigeria
(2021-12-12) Adeosun Blessing Oreoluwa
The study determined the level of job performance of secondary school teachers in Ondo State. It assessed the work commitment level of the teachers. It further established the joint influence of personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism) and work commitment on the job performance of secondary school teachers. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The sample for this study consisted of 15 Principals, 75 Heads of Departments (HODs) and 300 Class Teachers in five Local Government Areas (LGAs) from 15 randomly selected public secondary schools from the LGAs. The results showed that 15.7%, 67.9% and 16.4% of secondary school teachers in Ondo State demonstrated low, moderate and high levels of job performance respectively. The results also showed that 11.7%, 72.1% and 17.1% of the teachers in secondary schools in Ondo State demonstrated low, moderate and high levels of work commitment respectively. Also, the result showed that the combination of personality traits and work commitment could significantly influence the job performance of the teachers (F =541.158, p<0.05).