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Nutritional Profile and Determination of the Biological Value of the Raw and Cooked Soursop Seeds
(2018) Olalekan Deborah Temitope
Background of study: Annona muricata (Soursop) seeds have been reported to contain nutrients and other bioactive components and hence utilised as a nutritional medicinal supplement.Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the nutritional profile and the biological value of the raw and cooked soursop seeds. Method: The proximate, vitamin (A, C, E), mineral (Ca, Mg, K, Na,Fe, Cu, Zn), and anti-nutrient (phytae, oxalate, tannin, hydrogen cyanide) composition of the raw and cooked soursop seeds were determined using standard analytical methods. A total of sixteen rats were grouped into four groups with four rats in each. Rats in group 1 were fed on reference protein diet, rats in group 2 were given basal diet, and rats in group 3 were fed on the raw soursop seeds while rats in group 4 were fed on the cooked soursop seeds. The experiment spanned 14 days and the weights of the rats and the amount consumed were monitored daily. Nutritional indices (net body weight, protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein utilization (NPU) and the biological value (BV) were determined. Results: Proximate analysis revealed the protein content of thecooked soursop (9.29%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the raw seed (6.57%); carbohydrate content of cooked seed (47.62%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the raw (43.82%) while the ash and fiber content of the raw seed was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the cooked with a slight variation in the fat content of the raw and cooked seeds. There was a significantly (p<0.05) higher contents of Ca, Mg, K and Na in the raw seed as compared to the cooked sample while there was a significantly (p<0.05) higher content of Fe, Cu and Zn in the cooked seed as compared to the raw. The levels of all the anti-nutrients were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in the raw seed as compared to the cooked seed while there was a significantly (p<0.05) higher contents of vitamin A, C, and E in the raw seeds as compared to the cooked. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the body weight and PER of the animals fed on the cooked seeds as compared to those fed on raw. The TD, NPU and BV values obtained for the cooked soursop seed was higher than that of the raw.
In-silico screening and molecular dynamics simulation of purpuride from Talaromyces marneffei strain SA2a: A potential inhibitor of Burkholderia virulence and drug resistance proteins
(2025) Olalekan Deborah Temitope
Burkholderia are Gram-negative bacteria that belong to two complexes, the Burkholderia pseudomallei complex and Burkholderia cepacia complex. These bacteria possess virulence and multidrug resistance properties that can prolong melioidosis and necrotizing pneumonia in infected patients. This study aims to investigate the activities of Purpuride on Burkholderia virulence and multidrug resistance proteins (BVDRP) using in silico molecular docking. Ligand and protein structures were obtained from PubChem and Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics database. Toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties of Purpuride and reference ligand 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)piperazine and Luteolin were predicted with ADMETlab and admetSAR online tools. Molecular docking was performed using CB-Dock2 online server, and interaction between the ligands and BVDRP was visualized with BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. Structural stability and interaction dynamics of the protein–ligand complexes were performed using GROMACS 2023.4 with the CHARMM36-jul2021 force field. Purpuride showed low toxicity and favourable pharmacokinetic properties. Purpuride demonstrated a good binding affinity -8.5 kcal·mol⁻¹ with multidrug efflux transporter BpeB protein (7WLS), -7.5 kcal·mol⁻¹ with BceF Tyrosine Kinase Domain protein (6Z0P), and formed strong interactions with amino acid residues compared to reference inhibitors. Structural stability analyses, including RMSD, RMSF, H-bond, and radius of gyration, indicated that Purpuride is stable with 7WLS, while Luteolin is the stable reference for 6Z0P, exhibiting minimal fluctuations and a compact conformation. The in-silico and MD simulations study suggests that Purpuride is a better inhibitor of 7WLS but a weak target for 6Z0P. Purpuride could serve as an alternative agent against drug resistance in Burkholderia pseudomallei infection.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and In Vivo Toxicity Studies of Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq Leaf Extract in Male Wistar Rats.
(2025) Olalekan Deborah Temitope
Although Triumfetta rhomboidea (TR) has found its place in folklore medicinal applications, the scientific basis of these applications is poorly understood. This study examined the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of TR and its potential alteration of the renal and liver functions. The chemical constituents and antioxidant capacity of the ethanol extract of TR leaves were determined using FTIR, GC-MS and standard methods, and the agar well diffusion method was used to measure the antimicrobial activity. For the toxicity study, fifteen rats were divided into three groups: A - C; control, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg ethanol TR extract per body weight administered orally for fourteen days. Biochemical assays were performed on the plasma, liver and kidney homogenates, and histo-pathological changes were examined in the tissues. Results showed that TR leaves contain total flavonoids (0.1316 ± 0.0001 mg/ GAE/100g) and total phenols (0.13 ± 0.0002 mg GAE/100g). GC-MS analysis of the leaf extract showed the presence of 44 major compounds. The extract demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. Biochemical assay revealed no significant effect on the liver and renal function changes compared to the control group, except for the critical (p< 0.05) increase in Na. The antioxidant parameters in both the kidney and liver homogenates of TR-treated rats were not significantly altered except for reduced SOD levels at 200 mg/kg. Histopathological assay revealed relative degenerative changes in the two organs. TR leaves have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, but could be toxic to the liver and kidneys at high doses.
Nutritional Profile, Protein Quality and the Biological Value of Raw and Cooked Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Seeds
(2019) Olalekan Deborah Temitope
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) of the family Fabaceae, is highly appreciated for its health benefits and nutritive value. This present study attempted to investigate the nutritional profile, protein quality and the biological value of raw and cooked pigeon pea seeds. Proximate compositions of the raw and cooked pigeon pea were determined using standard methods. The following minerals (Cr, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) were determined spectrophotometrically. Amino acids composition was determined using amino acid analyzer while the contents of vitamins A and C composition were determined using titrimetric method. Sixteen weaning albino rats were di vided into four groups of four rats in each. Rats in group1 were fed on casein diet, group 2 were fed on basal diet, group 3 and 4 were fed on the raw and cooked pigeon pea seeds respectively for fourteen days with the weights of the rats and the amount consumed monitored daily. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) was determined and afterwards, the rats were sacrificed and digested for further analysis. The net protein utilization (NPU) and the true digestibility (TD) were determined and used to calculate the biological value. Results of proximate analysis showed that the raw seeds contain a significantly (p < 0.05) higher contents of carbohydrates, ash and crude fiber; while the cooked peas contain a significantly (p < 0.05) higher amount of protein and lipid with no significant difference in the moisture content. There was no significant (p < 0.05) difference in the contents of copper, zinc, manganese and chromium in both the raw and cooked peas. However, the cooked pea contain a significantly (p < 0.05) higher amount of magnesium while the raw contains a significantly (p < 0.05) higher amount of iron. There were no significant differences in most of the amino acids contents of the raw pea as compared to the cooked pea. However, serine was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the cooked pea as compared to the raw while arginine was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the raw as compared to the cooked. There was no sig nificant difference in the contents of vitamin C present in both samples, but the cooked sample contained a significantly (p < 0.05) lower amounts of vitamin A. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the body weight and PER of the animals fed on the cooked seeds as compared to those fed on raw. The TD, NPU and BV values obtained for the cooked pigeon pea seed was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of the raw. The cooked pigeon pea has a higher biological value with considerable nutritional value and can therefore be a viable protein supplement.
ACADEMIC MOTIVATION AMONG SELECTED UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES IN OGUN STATE:
(Redeemer’s University Journal of Management and Social Sciences, Vol. 8 (2) 2025, 2025) Unuigboje Benedette Ogoo
ABSTRACT For effective learning to take place, students must be academically motivated. Academic motivation (AM) is the drive that propels students to engage in academic tasks with the aim of being successful. While rich literature exist on the subject of academic motivation of Nigerian undergraduates, there is a dearth of studies on the interactions between academic motivation, family communication pattern and perceived parental support. This study therefore investigated how perceived parental support and family communication patterns predict academic motivation among Nigerian undergraduates. The quantitative research design was deployed for the study. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 395 students (mean age: 19.68 ± 2.41) from the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State. The Academic Motivation Scale, Perception of Parents Scale, and Family Communication Patterns Scale were used to for data collection. Data was analyzed using linear regression, multiple regression, and independent sample t-test. The results indicated that family communication patterns predict academic motivation [F=132.06, p <.01] with a variance of 25% of the total variance observed in academic motivation; perceived parental support predicts academic motivation [F=260.83, p<0.01] with a variance of 40% of the total variance observed in academic motivation, while the joint contribution of family communication patterns and perceived parental support predicts academic motivation [F=147.21, p<0.05] with a variance of 43% of the total variance observed in academic motivation. Gender significantly influenced AM [t = -7.58, p <.01], with female students reporting higher academic motivation than male students. Age did not significantly predict AM. The study recommends parents fostering a positive communication climate in the home, and collaboration with schools to create programs that increase parental involvement in their children’s academic lives.