Department of Physiology
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- ItemChemotherapeutic Interaction of Vernonia Amygdalina (Delile) Leaf Extract with Artesunate and Amodiaquine in Murine Malaria Model(Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020-03-27) Osirim, EsthinsheenAim of the Study: Conventional antimalarial drugs are used concurrently with herbal remedies in malarial endemic developing countries. Vernonia amygdalina is one of such popular herbs used in the treatment of malaria. This study aimed at investigating the antimalarial chemotherapeutic interaction of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) when combined with Amodiaquine (AQ) and/or Artesunate (AS) in a murine Plasmodium berghei malaria model. Methodology: Various doses of aqueous VA leaf extract (100-500 mg/kg/day), AQ (2-10 mg/kg/day) and AS (0.8-4 mg/kg/day) were administered orally to P berghei.-infected Swiss albino mice to determine their sub-therapeutic doses. These doses were subsequently used to investigate the chemotherapeutic interactions of VA with AQ and/or AS in both early and established malaria infection test models. The survival of animals with established infections that received different drug/herb treatments were determined using their mean survival time (days) and Kaplan-Meier survival curves (percentage). Using GraphPad Instat (version 3.10) and PrismR (version 5.01) the data obtained were subjected to One-way ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The sub-therapeutic doses of VA, AQ and AS were found to be 100 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 2.4 mg/kg, respectively. The chemosuppressive effect of AQ or AS was significantly increased (p< 0.05) when administered in combination with the VA extract. Similarly, combination of VA extract with AQ or AS resulted in significant (P < .05) parasite clearance when compared to the effects of the herb or the conventional drugs administered separately. The mean survival period of animals with established infection was also significantly enhanced by the VA alone or with AQ (or AS) compared to placebo.
- ItemOrange Peel extract Corrected Lipid Dysmetabolism and Pro- inflammation, but not Deranged Antioxidant and Hormonal Status in Orchidectomised Rats(Journal of African Association of Physiological Sciences, 2020-07-10) Ojetola, AbodunrinBackground: Testosterone is a metabolic hormone; therefore, its absence would affect food metabolism, and subsequently a wide array of associated endogenous processes, including oxidative and inflammatory events. Contrarily, orange peel is known to be rich in flavonoids, which have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, asides from their modulatory roles on lipolysis and lipogenesis. Hence, we investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of orange peel (EEOP) on antioxidant, inflammatory, and lipid and reproductive hormonal profiles in experimental animal. Methods: The rats were divided into four groups (N=10), which included: Control (Sham orchidectomised) (group 1); Orchidectomised (Orchid) (group 2); Orchidectomised + Low dose of orange peel (Orchid + LDOP) (group 3); and Orchidectomised + High dose of orange peel (Orchid + HDOP) (group 4). EEOP was administered at a low and high dose of 200 and 600 mg/kg BW, p.o. respectively; however, normal saline (vehicle) was administered at 1 ml/kg BW, p.o. to groups 1 and 2 throughout the four weeks duration of the experiment. Results: Castration was accompanied by dsylipidaemia, without alteration of oxidative, inflammatory, and reproductive hormonal status. Although EEOP reversed alterations in lipid metabolism back to the baseline, it neither showed significant effects on oxidative markers (SOD, catalase, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde) nor reproductive hormone (testosterone, FSH and LH) profile, even though it significantly reduced uric acid. The effects of EEOP were not dose-graded, except in the MDA result, which was significantly higher in group 3, relative to group 4. Conclusion: EEOP corrected lipid dysmetabolism and pro- inflammation, but not deranged antioxidant and hormonal status in a dose-independent manner in orchidectomised rats.
- ItemChanges in Antioxidants Status, Atherogenic Index and Cardiovascular Variables after Prolonged Doses of D-ribose-L-cysteine in Male Wistar Rats Abodunrin(Elsevier, 2021-02-10) Ojetola, AbodunrinD-ribose-L-cysteine (DRLC) acts as a rate limiting substrate for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). GSH deficiency has been linked to oxidative stress, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. There are limited findings on the effects of DRLC in the physiologic state. This study was therefore designed to investigate cardiovascular effects of different doses of DRLC in normal Wistar rats. Fifteen male Wistar rats were assigned into 3 groups (n ¼ 5). Group 1 was administered orally with 10 mg/kg distilled water (Control). Groups 2 and 3 were administered orally with DRLC 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg respectively daily for 8 weeks, respectively. Animals were weighed; blood pressure and heart rate measured using rat tail cuff method. They were euthanized, blood collected and organs harvested. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined through ELISA. Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), heart GSH, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total thiol and lipid profile and were assessed through spectrophotometry. Data were expressed as mean ? SEM and compared by ANOVA at P < 0.05. DRLC 250 significantly increased total thiol, GSH and GPx in heart tissues but decreased GGT, atherogenic index and CRP in normal male Wistar rats compared to DRLC 125 and control. DRLC supplementation in normal male Wistar rats may sustain cardio functions and decrease atherogenicity.
- ItemD-Ribose-L-Cysteine Prevents Oxidative Stress and Cardiometabolic Syndrome in High Fructose High Fat Diet Fed Rats(Elsevier, 2021-08-13) Ojetola, AbodunrinCardiometabolic syndrome has been linked with dietary modification. Therefore, we investigated the effects of D-ribose-L-cysteine (DRLC) in rats fed with high fructose high fat (HFHF) diet. Twenty rats (n = 5), divided into 4 groups were concurrently exposed to HFHF and/or DRLC (250 mg/kg, p.o) during the 8 weeks study. The result showed that compared to control group, HFHF group had significant impairment in lipid and glucose homeo- stasis, increased cardiac xanthine oxidase, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, %body weight change and fluid intake. Also, there were significant reductions in HDL-C, cardiac (GPX, NO&GGT), feed intake and relative heart weight in the latter, relative to the former. However, there were no significant differences in most of the observed physical and biochemical changes in HFHF + DRLC group compared to control. DRLC alone did not disrupt the level of biomarkers. Conclusively, DRLC prevented the manifestation of oxidative stress and cardiometabolic syndrome in HFHF-diet fed rats.
- ItemStudies on the Estimation of Stature from Hand and Foot Length of an Individual(2016-10-13) Ogundipe, Oluwadareackground: Studies on the estimation of stature from hand and foot length of an individual are essential study in personal identification. Aim and Objectives: This study is to find out correlation between statures with hand and foot dimensions in both sexes and gender comparison from an individual in Lautech Staff College in Ogbomoso and College ogbomoso and College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Material and Methods: A sample of 140 students and staff; 70 male and 70 female Students and staff of Lautech Staff College in Ogbomoso and College ogbomoso and College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, between 16-35years were considered and measurements were taken for each of the parameters. Gender differences for the two parameters were determined using Student t-test. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used to examine the relationship between two anthropometric parameters and standing height (stature). All these measurements were done by using standard anthropometric instruments and standard anthropometric techniques. Results: The findings of the study indicated that the males mean values are not significantly difference when compared with females mean values in all measured parameters. The study showed significant (p<0.001) positive correlation between the stature with hand lengths and foot lengths. The hand and foot length provide accurate and reliable means in establishing the height of an individual. Conclusion: This study will be useful for forensic scientists and anthropologists as well as anatomists in ascertain medico-legal cases.