Department of Nursing Sciences

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Antibiofilm Activity of Indigenous Dentrifices Massularia acuminata Linn and Distemonanthus benthamianus Baill on Biofilm Forming Cariogenic Bacteria.
(Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 2017) Sossou, Ibukun T.
Biofilms are heterogeneous conglomerate of microorganisms which play a significant role in causing dental caries in human. This study investigated the characteristics and antibiotics susceptibility profile of biofilm forming bacteria associated with dental caries. Questionnaire was administered and dental caried swab samples were collected from patients in two dental centers, in Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria. Biochemical and molecular techniques were used for further identification and characterization of bacterial isolates. Tube assay method was used to screen for biofilm forming bacteria. Sensitivity test was done using agar well-diffusion techniques on commonly used toothpaste, indigenous dentifrices (Massularia acuminata and Distemonanthus benthamianus) and antibiotics. Prevalence of caries was higher among females (59.8%) compared to males (40.2%). The age of patients mostly affected ranged between 20 and35 years. The molar teeth were majorly affected with caries (72.5%), with the left lower jaws mostly infected (46.1%). Out of 274 bacterial isolates, Streptococcus mutans was the most prevalent (22.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (19.7%), Enterobacteraerogenes (15.0%), Klebsiellapneumonia (12.8%), followed by Lactobacillussalivarius (11.3%), Bacillus subtilis (10.7%) and Escherichia coli (8.0%) respectively. Biofilm formation assay showed that out of 274 isolates 197 (71.9%) were biofilm formers. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the toothpastes used. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in inhibitory effect between M. acuminata aqueous compared with D. benthamianus. Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to erythromycin, while the Gram negative bacteria were sensitive to septrin. This study showed that dental caries in Abeokuta affects all ages and groups with pathogenic Streptococcus mutans been the most frequently occurring cariogens. Toothpastes are more effective than the use of indigenous dentifrices in preventing dental caries.
Antibiotic Resistant Pattern of Some Pathogenic Bacteria and Candida albicans Isolated from Asymptomatic Adolescents and their Susceptibility to Four Medicinal Plant Extracts.
(International Journal of Advanced Research, 2013) Sossou, Ibukun T.
Sexually transmitted diseases pose severe risks to human health. This study was designed to investigate the state of cleanliness and hygienic practices of adolescents using secondary school age females as case study. One hundred vaginal samples were collected from females within the age range of 9- 20years that attended an urban and a rural general Hospital in Ijebu- North East Local Government Area of Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria with the aid of sterile swab sticks. Wellstructured questionnaire was used to obtain vital information about the students. The samples were processed and identified according to the standard methods. The plant extracts tested were Garcinia kola, Cola milleni, Vernoniaamygdalina, and Brideliaferrugineawhile the antibiotics used were commercial antibiotic disk. Agar disc and well diffusion methods were employed in determining the effect of antibiotics and plant extracts respectively on the isolated organisms. Enzymatic activity was used in determining the pathogenicity of the organisms. Staphylococcus aureus (42%), Lactobacillus species (24%), Escherichia coli (11%), Proteus species (7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3%) and Candida albicans (13%) were isolated. Four typed bacteria were used as control. The age groups 18- 20 and 15-17 had the highest occurrence with a frequency rate of 48% and 27% respectively. The enzymatic profile revealed high enzymatic activity. Both the antibiotics and the extracts revealed highest inhibitory effects against the standard organisms than the isolated ones. Pefloxacin exhibited the highest inhibitory zone of 9.00 mm and 8.00 mm against both the control and isolated E. coliand P. aeruginosarespectively (P>0.005). Cola milleni had the highest inhibitory effect of 28 mm against P. vulgaris (P< 0.005). The study revealed that the studied subjects harboured pathogenic organisms, also the four plant extracts had more inhibitory effects on the organisms than conventional drugs used.
Assessment of Work-Life Balance, Job Addiction and Mental Health Status of Practicing Nigerian Nurses.
(KIU Journal of Social Sciences, 2019) Onisile, Deborah
This study examined the work-life balance, job addiction and mental health status of nurses serving in Osun State, Nigeria. Six hundred and fifty questionnaires were sent out, response rate was 69.2% (450) and three hundred and fifty-seven (55%) (357) were valid. Hence, a total number of three hundred and fifty-seven (357) nurses made up of male (17.9%) and female (82.1%) was purposively selected from various hospitals in Osun State and responded to the Work-life balance scale (WLB), Work addiction inventory (WAI) and Illness Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ). Descriptive statistics (frequency count and percentages) were used to describe participants‘ demographic characteristics, while inferential statistics (simple linear regression and Pearson moment correlation analysis) were used to test the hypotheses.The prevalence of work-life balance was 30% of pathological level, job addiction at 14.8%, disease conviction 30%,irritability 50.7%, general hypochondriasis 39.5%,somatic perception 31.9%,affective disturbance 42.6%, affective inhibition 33.6%, denial problem 31.7% and general illness reaction 47.1%. Work-life balance was observed to significantly predict illness behavior and job addiction significantly predicts illness behavior of nurses serving in Osun state. Based on the findings, it is recommended that a healthy work life balance should be encouraged among nurses and stress coping skills be taught in other to ensure a positive mental health status
Associations and Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, Perceived Vulnerability to Disease and the Fear of COVID-19 among Nigerian Healthcare Workers
(Archives of Paediatric Infectious Disease, 2021-08-22) Onisile, Deborah
Health care workers are frontline staff in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. To win this fight, their mental wellness cannot be overemphasized. This study assesses Anxiety and Depression severities, perceived vulnerability to diseases, and their link with the fear of COVID-19 among Nigerian Healthcare Workers (HCWs). A purposefully selected sample of 413 healthcare workers from two tertiary health care institutions in Benin City, Edo State, South-South Nigeria responded to the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale. A high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and perceived vulnerability to diseases was observed. Perceived infectability (β = .244, p = .000) and germ aversion (β = .166, p = .000) and composite PVD (β = .96, p = .000) were found to predict Fear of COVID-19 independently and significantly, reporting 7.5%; 3.3% and 9.9% variance in the severities of Fear of COVID-19, respectively. Anxiety and depression showed a significant joint prediction of Fear of COVID-19 severity, accounting for a 4.0% variance in the severity. Fear of COVID-19 was not found to be influenced by sex or job type difference among the HCWs. There is a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 among Nigerian HCWs. These reported symptoms of psychopathology are also strong independent and joint predictors of fear of COVID-19.
Biotreatment of Abattoir Wastewater Using Selected Microorganisms at Mandate Market Ilorin, Kwara State.
(FUTO Journal Series, 2021) Sossou, Ibukun T.
Slaughterhouse wastewater has a complex composition and very harmful to the environment. The abattoir wastewater at mandate market Ilorin, Kwara State was studied for possible pollutants and biotreatment using indigenous microorganisms. Microbial count was done using pour plate techniques and the physicochemical analyses were done using standard method. Total bacteria count was between 1.60x104 - 2.43x107 Cfu/ml while fungi count was 1.63x103 - 1.8x106Cfu/ml. Findings showed that the various water samples were contaminated with E. coli and other enteric bacteria. This result revealed that the temperature, pH and electric conductivity ranged from 27.8 - 28.40oC, 7.07 - 7.19, and 103 - 887μS/cm respectively, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) were between 1350.20 - 880 and 76.5 - 2266.0 mg/L respectively, the Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemically Oxygen Demand (COD) ranged between 4.5 - 0.2, 54.4 - 130 and 700 - 1240 mg/L respectively. The presence of E. coli and Streptococcus faecalis in the abattoir wastewater may be attributable to the high load of animal excreta in the wastewater.. Most of the fungal isolates were also soil-inhabiting microorganisms as well as common spoilage organisms associated with beef industry.
Comparison between Cognitive Behaviour, Rational Emotive Behavior and Meseron Therapy
(International Journal for Psychotherapy in Africa, 2018) Onisile, Deborah
This paper is a comparison between Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Meseron Therapy. The three are very effective cognitive therapies used in clinical psychology practice. Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy [REBT] was developed by Albert Ellis based on the rationale that irrational thinking is the root cause of psychological disturbances. Cognitive behavior therapy by Aaron Beck posits that how individuals view situations may result in psychological disturbances, while Meseron Therapy by Alfred Awaritefe postulates that psychological disturbances arise as a result of faulty speaking as seen in the distortion of our appraisal mechanism, acquiescing to negativity and incongruence of striving and goals. This paper attempts to further explain each therapy in detail.
Complementary Feeding and Associated Factors: Assessing Compliance with Recommended Guidelines among Postpartum Mothers in Nigeria.
(Population Medicine., 2021-06-14) Omishakin, Monisola
Introduction: Malnutrition in childhood has been linked with inappropriate and ineffective feeding practices especially during the first year of life. This study assessed the knowledge and factors associated with complementary feeding among postpartum mothers in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Osun State, Nigeria, in September 2019. Sample size was estimated using Fisher’s formula for simple proportion and mothers were selected through multi-stage sampling. Data from 193 postpartum mothers were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels, p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Findings showed that 28.0% of postpartum mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding, 39.9% introduced complementary feeding within the first 3 months, 32.1% commenced complementary feeding between the 4th and 5th month, 36.3% of the mothers fed their infants with minimum meal frequency, 52.3% fed their infants with the minimum dietary diversity, and 25.4% fed their infants with minimum acceptable diets. Regression analysis revealed that minimum meal frequency was significantly associated with having good knowledge about complementary feeding (OR=2.21; 95% CI: 1.31–3.73, p=0.03), tertiary education (OR=0.18; 95% CI: 0.05–0.59, p=0.01) and household food security (OR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.26–0.94, p=0.03). Minimum acceptable diet remained significantly associated with mothers having good knowledge about complementary feeding (OR=2.67; 95% CI: 1.38–5.14, p=0.003) and highest educational level (OR=0.11; 95% CI: 0.02–0.71, p=0.02). Conclusions: Postpartum mother’s nutritional knowledge, education level and household food security were main predictors of complementary feeding practices among postpartum mothers, effective nutritional intervention on infants’ feeding should therefore take cognizance and address these variables.
Cross- sectional community- based Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Tuberculosis in Osun State, South-West, Nigeria
(Health & Social Care in the Community, 2022) Onisile, Deborah
Tuberculosis (TB) has continued to be a global public health issue, especially in developing countries, where Nigeria accounts for 4% of the global TB burden. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards TB of the residents of two communities affected by the TB scourge in Osun State, Nigeria. An interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO-KAP study guide was employed, and the data generated were analysed using the SPSS statistical package. A total of 280 respondents participated in the study comprising 162 (57.9%) males and 118 (42.1%) females, a large percentage of the respondents (273/97.5%) know about TB and know that anybody can be infected (63.6%). However, in this study, we obtained the following KAP scores: overall good knowledge of TB: 60% (Iwo- 54.7% and Ikire-65.2%), overall good attitude towards TB: 50% (Iwo- 53.3% and Ikire- 46.7%) and overall good TB preventive practices 65.2% (Iwo- 66.6% and Ikire- 63.8%). Ikire respondents were significantly more knowledgeable than Iwo respondents (p = .002), while Iwo respondents had better TB attitudes than Ikire respondents (p = .03). Predictors of good KAP scores were accommodation type, education, age and main source of income of respondents. This study assessed the level of community TB-KAP and reinforced the need for a more robust awareness campaign for better TB health service utilisation.
Effect of Parental Bonding on Use of Over-The-Counter Drugs among In-School Adolescents in Osogbo Local Government Area, Nigeria
(Journal of Nigerian Psychological Association, 2020) Onisile, Deborah
The study examined the effect of Parental bonding on the Use of over the counter drugs among In-School-Adolescents in Osogbo Local Government Area, in Osun State. The survey employed a survey research method using ex-post factor design to collect data from five middle schools in the metropolis where a total of Five Hundred and Thirty-Nine (539) adolescents were purposively selected. Two Psychological instruments were used (Parental Bonding Scale, Self-Medication Test, SMT). Data gathered were analyzed with both descriptive and influential statistics. Eight hypotheses were tested using simple linear regression, one-way ANOVA at 0.05% level of significance. The findings from the result revealed that maternal over protection independently and significantly predicts Use of OTC drugs among participants [F (1, 360) = 10.91, p = 0.001]. However, maternal care, paternal care, paternal over protection, parent’s religious affiliation, nature of parent’s job and parent’s marital status, did not independently or significantly predict Use of OTC drugs among the participants. Based on this finding, it is recommended that every opportunity to reach out to parents especially mothers should be used (such as Parents Teachers Association Meetings, Religious fora and the Media) to sensitize mothers on what constitutes over protection and the need to avoid it or minimize it in parenting their children.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Social Skills Training in Management of Conduct Disorder
(South African Journal of Psychiatry, 2022) Onisile, Deborah
This study examined the efficacy of two psychobehavioural strategies to manage conduct disorder (CD) amongst in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of adolescents with CD was performed. Sixteen participants (aged 12–17 years) who reported high CD from an assessment of 1006 in-school adolescents of selected secondary schools in Ibadan were randomly grouped to receive either cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), social skills training (SST) or combined CBT and SST. The Frequency of Delinquent Behaviour Scaling Instrument (FDBSI) was used for assessments. Significant reduction in CD was observed among participants exposed to CBT at 8 weeks, SST at 8 weeks, and combined CBT and SST at the 6 week mark of interventions respectively. From the study, CBT and SST were found effective in managing CD. However, the combined psychobehavioural intervention of CBT and SST was more effective in managing CD based on a faster therapeutic effect than the independent psychobehavioural intervention of CBT and SST.
Factors Influencing Standard Precaution Practices among Nurses In Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
(African Journal of Health, Nursing And Midwifery, 2021) Onisile, Deborah
Nurses are known to be at the frontline of risks to many occupational hazards within health care system. These hazards include exposure to infections that may arise from injuries from sharps and contact with body fluids.Standard precautions involve infection control techniques against contacting pathogenic microorganisms which can cause diseases in humans. This study assessed the factors influencing practice of standard precautions among Nurses in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria. This study involved a descriptive cross-sectional study, which was carried out among 305 Nurses in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. A self-structured questionnaire was implored for this study and consent of the respondent was soughted.The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. The research questions were answered using descriptive statistics of mean score, frequency and percentage.The mean age of the respondents was 41.64±10.1years and many (68.5%) had more than 10 years of work experience. The study revealed a high level of knowledge and positive attitude towards standard precaution among Nurses. The mostly reported factor influencing the practice of standard precautions were due to the unavailability of personal protective equipment (PPE) (92.1%), followed by the lack of regular training on standard precautions (91.1%). Majority ofthe respondents had high levels of knowledge and positive attitude towards standard precaution. There is need for continuing sensitization and monitoring of standard precaution practices among Nurses in order to sustain the high levels. The study recommends that health care institutions should ensure the availability of PPE to ensure practice of standard precautions and there should be regular in-service training on standard precautions.
Inhibitory Effect of Selected Microorganisms on Aedes and Anopheles Mosquitoes.
(FUTO Journal Series, 2021) Sossou, Ibukun T.
The call for malaria control has increased over the last century. Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium. The emergence of insecticides resistant strains has therefore necessitated the need to develop alternative control methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activities of Bacillus thurigensis. Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gamblae larvae. The bacterial strains were obt0ained from streak culture and subcultured before their insecticides activities were tested. All the bacterial strains were identified as mosquito – toxic after the selective bioassays and the LC50recorded for each bacterial strains. These results indicate that the bacteria are effective against mosquito larvae, so they could be used as an alternative bioinsecticides against mosquitoes.
Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self Examination among Female Adolescents in Osogbo, Nigeria.
(IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences., 2020) Omishakin, Monisola
Abstract Background: Breast self examination (BSE) is a simple, inexpensive, non-invasive and non hazardous means of detecting breast cancer at early stage. BSE is also reported to be less effected than mammography or examination by a trained physician. However, it is a reliable approach particularly in developing countries that cannot afford sophisticated screening services for the entire population at risk. Breast cancer has become the most leading cause of cancer death among women. This can be prevented by early diagnosis of breast lump. Breast cancer is a cancer that is preventable and yet has a high morbidity and mortality rate but breast cancer can be prevented by the practice of BSE which is an easy preventive measurethroughearly detection of precancerous lesions. This study therefore aimed to assess the knowledge and determine the level of practice of BSE toward prevention of breast cancer among female adolescence of two selected secondary school Osogbo. Materials and methods:This descriptive study was conducted among one hundred and sixty female adolescents recruited from Ata Oja Government High School and Baptist High School Osogbo Local Government Osogbo, Osun State using stratified random sampling technique. A self-structure questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents which was analyzedwith SPSS version 22 and was summarized using tables and bar charts. Results:69.8% of the respondents demonstrated knowledge of BSE with health workers (52.1%) being the major source of information,other sources were mass media (31.7%), friends (9.2%) and sources undisclosed (7%). Practice of BSE among respondents revealed that 56.3% agreed that they found it difficult to examine their breast , 61% agreed that the hospital is the only place for breast examination while 46.3% felt BSE was not necessary. However, 40.6% of the respondents consented that theywereuncomfortable touching their breast, 44.4% indicated that going to school affected the practice of BSE while 41.9% of the respondents agreed that BSE should be done when they feel abnormal around their breast. The study also revealed that there was significant relationship between knowledge of female adolescents and their practices of BSE while age of respondents was not significant to the practice of BSE. Conclusion: Respondents demonstrated good knowledge about BSE which was not reflected in their practice. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made:Nurses should take outreach to schools periodically in order to teach the female students on how to perform the BSE and to be comfortable touching their bodies. Parents, teachers, community and the Government all have roles to play in encouraging the effective practice of BSE to reduce the rate of breast cancer in the world.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Planning among Healthcare Providers in Two Selected Health Centres in Osogbo Local Government, Osun State
(Women’s Health & Gynecology, 2015-06-15) Omishakin, Monisola
This study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning methods among healthcare providers in two selected health centres in Osogbo Local Government, Osun state. The study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of healthcare providers towards family planning; to determine the extent to which the healthcare providers practice the family planning methods. The study sample was 50 healthcare providers that were purposively selected from Primary Health Center, Oke Baale and Comprehensive Health Centre, Isale- Agbara, both in Osogbo Local Government Area, Nigeria. The data was collected through self-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using simple percentages and frequency counts. The result showed that a good number (98%) knew about family planning while about 44% of them knew all the methods listed in the questionnaire. The result also showed that the healthcare providers indicated different attitudes to family planning methods such that 77.6% believed that family planning does not make users promiscuous contrary to 22.4% of the respondents that believed it makes them promiscuous. More than half (68%) of the respondents use family planning themselves. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that intensive in service training, seminars/conference and other forms of enlightenment programmes on all methods of family planning should be put in place, such that they will be able to practice methods best suitable for them.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Planning among Healthcare Providers in Two Selected Health Centres in Osogbo Local Government, Osun State
(Journal of Women's Health and Gynaecology, 2015-06-15) Omishakin, Monisola
This study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning methods among healthcare providers in two selected health centres in Osogbo Local Government, Osun state. The study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of healthcare providers towards family planning; to determine the extent to which the healthcare providers practice the family planning methods. The study sample was 50 healthcare providers that were purposively selected from Primary Health Center, OkeBaale and Comprehensive Health Centre, Isale- Agbara, both in Osogbo Local Government Area, Nigeria. The data was collected through self-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using simple percentages and frequency counts. The result showed that a good number (98%) knew about family planning while about 44% of them knew all the methods listed in the questionnaire. The result also showed that the healthcare providers indicated different attitudes to family planning methods such that 77.6% believed that family planning does not make users promiscuous contrary to 22.4% of the respondents that believed it makes them promiscuous. More than half (68%) of the respondents use family planning themselves. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that intensive inservice training, seminars/conference and other forms of enlightenment programmes on all methods of family planning should be put in place, such that they will be able to practice methods best suitable for them.
Meseron Therapy and Christian Counselling: A Synergy
(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2020) Onisile, Deborah
Christian Counselling (CC) is the practice of talking with individuals, couples, and families to increase their understanding of emotional and religious conflicts and to help resolve problems using Christian religious injunctions and other related resources. Meseron Therapy (MT) was developed in accordance with the Nigerian belief in the power, potency and meaning of spoken words and its consequences. MT entails rejecting negativities and accepting the positives, with the techniques of MT reflecting a cognitive orientation. MT and CC approaches have several common grounds. The basic assumptions of MT such as the power of the spoken words to sensitize action, the ignition of man’s inherent potential for change, replacement of a negative status quo with constructive actions and the view of man as a striving creature all have Biblical support. Also, MT’s views on human nature and the causes of psychological disturbance agree with Christian teachings and beliefs. Application of Meseron therapeutic techniques and procedures to CC can be done by using Biblical teachings to enable clients sustain good health, encouraging the good use of endowments, assisting client in mental restructuring through motivation to strive, building and encouraging possibility thinking, enabling the clients to reject distractions from goal accomplishments and getting clients to say it right and synergize their thoughts, words and actions
Nurses' Assessment of the Mandatory Continuing Professional Development Program in Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria.
(African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery, 2021-12-30) Omishakin, Monisola
Continuing Professional Development Programs have been identified as an important strategy towards improving basic professional skills and competence of health care professionals. This study explored nurses’ perception about the Mandatory Continuing Professional Development Program (MCPDP) and assessed nurses’ satisfaction with the Continuing Professional Development Program in Nigeria. Study adopted sequential explanatory mixed methods, using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The quantitative aspect included 412 nurses in Osun state, Nigeria selected through multistage sampling. Data was analyzed at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels using appropriate statistics, level of significance was p<0.05. The qualitative aspect of the study employed in-depth interview; responses were analyzed thematically. Findings showed that 72.8% of the nurses had positive perception about the MCPDP, 66.3% assessed the MCPDP training as very useful, 31.3% and 2.4% assessed the training as moderately useful and useful respectively, 57.0% were very satisfied with the MCPDP training, 41.5% were satisfied while1.5% nurses were indifferent. Regression analysis revealed that nurses’ years of working experience (OR = 0.24, CI = 0.10-0.62, p = 0.003) significantly influenced perception about the MCPDP. Study concluded that professionalism in nursing should focus on ensuring quality years of working experience and effective Continuous Professional Development for all categories of nurses.
Nursing in Recent Times: Trends and Issues.
(Academic Journal of Nursing and Health Education, 2021-12) Omishakin, Monisola
Nursing today is far different from nursing as it was practiced years ago, and it is expected to continue changing during the 21st century. To comprehend present-day nursing and at the same time prepare for the future, one must understand not only past events but also contemporary nursing practice and the sociological and historical factors that affect it. Nursing care is becoming more complex, and the role of the registered nurse is more demanding, requiring nurses to be active participants in health care decisions. Nurses need to be effective and efficient in understanding how societal, educational, and health care changes influence health outcomes. As the society becomes increasingly diverse and complex, new trends evolve and precipitate new issues. Trends and issues in nursing were examined and future developments that could influence nursing in years to come were predicted for the smooth transition of the profession.
Overlapping Stigmas as Predictors of Attitudes towards People Living with HIV/AIDS among Youth Healthcare Professionals in Nigeria
(Ife Social Sciences Review, 2021) Onisile, Deborah
Living with HIV is often connected with some overlapping experiences that are stigmatizing and could aggravate attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study examined the influence of overlapping stigmas (homophobia, ethnic discrimination, sexism, injection drug use, and sex work) on the attitude towards PLWHA of serving healthcare professionals in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) Nigeria. NYSC members comprised fresh Nigerian graduates of tertiary institutions who were 30 years and below on mandatory service to the nation. NYSC members totaling 325 participants responded to structured psychological scales. This study utilized a survey research design and employed appropriate statistical analysis such as regression. The results revealed that overlapping stigmas jointly accounted for (55.1%) of the total variation in Attitude towards PLWHA. All the overlapping stigmas significantly correlated with Attitude towards PLWHA. The implication of the findings was discussed in line with the decline of HIV/AIDS and implementation of the agenda of Sustainable Development Goals
Overview of Nursing Research
(Innovative Journal of Nursing Didactics, 2015) Omishakin, Monisola
Research in nursing is devoted to rigorous scientific inquiry that provides a significant body of knowledge to advance nursing practice and services, shape health policy, and impact the health of people in all countries. Research in nursing has been from time immemorial starting with the mother of scientific nursing, Florence Nightingale and over the years and decades nursing research has gone through different phases of transformation. The purpose of doing research in nursing is to find answers to questions or solution to problems of relevance to the nursing profession. The role of the research nurse is indispensable to successful research studies and this requires the nurse to be equipped with a solid foundation based on years of experience in nursing, leadership and organizational skills, computer-based skills and an in-depth knowledge of research. The research capacity of a nurse can be developed by knowledge development in research, interdisciplinary collaboration and mentoring. Current trends anticipated in nursing research for the 21st century include: continued focus on evidence-based practice, emerging interest in translational research, greater emphasis on systematic reviews, expanded local research in healthcare setting, strengthened interdisciplinary collaboration, expanded dissemination of research findings and increased visibility of nursing research.

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