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Browsing by Author "Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana"

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Antibacterial Efficacy of Vernonia Amygdalina Against Bacteria Strains Recovered from Hospital Fomites, Nigeria
(Current Trends on Biotechnology & Microbiology, 2020-11-20) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
This study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of bacteria from hospital fomites and the antibacterial activity extract from Vernonia mygdalina against bacteria isolates. The colonies obtained were subjected to colonial characteristics and conventional biochemical test with reference to Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion methods while the antimicrobial activity of the extract was performed by using well diffusion method. Proteus species (18%) were the most revalent bacteria followed by Staphylococcus spp (16%) while Actinobacter spp and Photobacterium spp have the least of 1%. All the isolates showed high resistant (100%) to various antibiotics tested while they are sensitive to ofloxacin. The bioactive extract of Vernonia amygdalina revealed the presence of some active medicinal constituent. The antibacterial activity of the extract against the organisms produced a zone of inhibition which ranged between 4.5-15mm at 100mg/ml concentration while it ranged between 2.0-12.1mm at 50mg/ml. In conclusion, this study showed that hospital fomites harbour highly pathogenic bacteria which have the potentials of causing epidemics in the nearest future. Therefore, the efficacy of Vernonia amygdalina against clinical resistant isolates could be explored for further pharmaceutical use and should be encouraged in the formulation and production of new antibiotics.
Antimicrobial Efficacy, Secondary Metabolite Constituents, Ligand Docking of Enantia chlorantha on Selected Multidrug Resistance Bacteria and Fungi
(Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2020-11-11) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
This study aimed at determining the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial efficacy of Enantia chlorantha on multidrug resistance microorganisms.And also to study the interaction of plant secondary metabolite (phytochemicals) from Enantia chlorantha with three proteins. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts of E. chlorantha (leaf and stem bark) against selected microorganisms was done using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were also determined using standard methods. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of E. chlorantha were also determined. The molecular docking was determined using in-silico techniques and was elucidated. Protein generation, Ligand generation and Ligand Docking using GLIDE were determined. Standard precision (SP) flexible ligand docking was carried out in Glide of Schrödinger-Maestro 11.1 and the extra-precision (XP) mode. The crude extracts tested showed antimicrobial activities against all the test bacterial and fungal isolates for the stem bark extract while the leaf extract showed antimicrobial activities against some of the isolates with little differences. The zones of inhibition ranges between 9mm-24mm at 100mg/ml for the ethanol extract and 10mm-13mm at 12.5mg/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at which the isolates were sensitive to the various extracts differed and the MIC values ranged from 12.5mg/ml to 100mg/ml while the MBC for the organisms ranged from 25mg/ml to 100mg/ml.The qualitative phytochemical screening of Enantia chlorantha leaf and stem bark revealed the presence of medicinally active constituent such as cardiac glycoside, steroids, anthraquinone, tannin, saponin, phenol, and reducing sugar. The quantitative phytochemical screening of E. chlorantha stem bark and leaf using different solvents, showed the presence of different phytoconstituents in different quantities. Molecular docking results revealed some components of the plant to be more active compared to levofloxacin by inhibiting topoisomerase IV. Jartrorrhizine-1 and canadine-1 present in Enantia chlorantha have docking scores of -2.267 and 1.625 respectively which are greater than that of levofloxacin (-1.557) against Salmonella typhi. For Staphylococcus aureus, Argentine.sdf (-7.373) and Jartrorrhizine.sdf (-4.225) have high docking scores compared to Levofloxacin.sdf (-3.436) as well as Candida albican.The promising evidence for the antimicrobial effects of E. chlorantha against bacterial and fungal isolates in this study especially the stem bark extract showed that Enantia chlorantha is more effective at treating diseases caused by Salmonella typhi and other organisms and therefore can be used as an alternative source of therapeutic agents.
Antimicrobial Evaluation of Phyllanthus amarus Leaf Extracts Against Beta-Lactmase Resistance Escherichia coli isolated from Eidolon helvum
(Research Journal of Microbiology, 2023-05-09) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
Background and Objective: Prophylactic use of medicinal plants in the treatment of human and animal infections and diseases has greatly improved over the years and continuously been explored. The study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial activity of Phyllanthus amarus against Escherichia coli isolated from Eidolon helvum (Straw Coloured Fruit Bat). Materials and Methods: A total of seventeen Escherichia coli isolates were grown on eosin methylene blue agar and MacConkey agar. Biochemical tests were carried out and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion technique. Results: The results were interpreted according Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The aqueous and ethanol plant extracts of dry Phyllanthus amarus leaves were retrieved in ratio 3:1 of plant to water and plant to ethanol. The highest zones of inhibition recorded were 16 mm for aqueous extract and 14 mm for ethanol extract at concentration of 25 mg mLG1. Bioactive compounds found in both aqueous and ethanol extracts of Phyllanthus amarus include alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones and glycosides. Tannins were found in the aqueous extract only while terpenoids were found in the ethanol extracts only. Furthermore, the GC-MS analysis of the plant extract revealed that the aqueous and ethanol extracts are rich in phytochemicals which has been reported to have antioxidant and other biological activities. Conclusion: It was concluded that Phyllanthus amarus can be considered a good alternative to antibiotics in the case of infections and diseases caused by multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli from straw coloured fruit bats when taken in the appropriate dosage.
Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
(Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2021-04-23) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
Thryonomys swinderianus (grasscutter) is a source of meat with high nutritional values, low in cholesterol and relatively high in protein therefore, it is a sort for in Nigeria and some other African countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentials for zoonotic infections and for the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the faecal samples of Thryonomys swinderianus. Fresh faecal samples were collected from seven (7) Thryonomys swinderianus at selling point in Sekona, Osun State, Nigeria. They were cultured on appropriate media and a total of 62 enteric bacterial isolates were recovered, they are:- Escherichia coli 22 (365.5 %), Enterobacter cloacae, 12 (19.4%), Citrobacter koseri 9 (14.5%), Citrobacter freundii 4 (6.6 %), , Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 (16.1 %), Klebsiella oxytoca 1 (1.6 %) and Serratia liquefaciens 4 (6.6%) Escherichia coli O157:H7 were found to be 50% of the Escherichia coli present. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Using commercially available antibiotic disc. The percentage of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) for all the isolates were quite high for cefiazidime (100%), augumentin (99.1%), cefuroxime (97.1%), cerixime (85.02%), but relatively low for ciprofloxacin (3.4%), oflaxacin (1.82%), and all the isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. All the enteric bacteria isolated from faecal samples of grass cutter were multiple antibiotic resistance bacteria and of great health concern. In conclusion Thryonomys swinderianus harbors different enteric bacteria which could cause several infections in humans, and nitrofurantoin can help the physician in the management of infections caused by the animals.
Bioactivity assessment of exopolysaccharides produced by Pleurotus pulmonarius in submerged culture with different agro-waste residues
(Heliyon, 2020-12-04) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
Pleurotus spp. are white-rot fungi that utilize different agro-wastes to produce useful biologically active com pounds. In this study, exopolysaccharides (EPS) were produced by Pleurotus pulmonarius in submerged culture supplemented with different agro-wastes. Functional groups in EPS were revealed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity of EPS was tested against microorganisms using agar well diffusion. Scavenging potentials of EPS was tested against 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), iron (Fe2þ) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals. In vitro prebiotic activity of EPS was carried out. The highest yield (5.60 g/L) of EPS was produced by P. pulmonarius in submerged culture supplemented with groundnut shell (20.0 g/L). The functional groups in EPS were hydroxyl (-OH), methyl (-CH3), ketone (-RCOH) and carbonyl group (-C¼O). EPS displayed zones of inhibition (5.00–14.00 mm) against tested microorganisms. Scavenging activity of EPS ranged from 65.70-81.80% against DPPH. EPS supported the growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Streptococcus thermophiles with values ranged from 3.04 104–3.40 104 cfu/ml and 2.50 104–2.81 104 cfu/ml, respectively. Submerged culture of P. pulmonarius with addition of agro-wastes enhanced yield of EPS. The EPS exhibited bio-functional properties like antimicrobial, antioxidant and prebiotic activities. Hence, agrowastes can be recycled in submerged fermentation with fungi to produce promising biomaterials for biopharmaceutical applications.
Brucellosis: A neglected tropical diseases
(European Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2024-08-05) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
Brucellosis is among the top neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) as recorded by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is referred to as neglected because it is poorly attended to when it comes to its prevention and control over a long period of time. Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the bacterial genus Brucella which include B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, and B. canis. Animals with brucellosis are usually with a history of spontaneous abortion or infertility which invariably leads to low productivity. Brucella is transmitted from animals (cattle, dogs, swine, camels and goats) to humans through direct contact or indirect contact (ingestion of infected food products, or inhalation of aerosols). This disease has been reported as an important cause of fever of unknown origin particularly among occupationally exposed individuals. This disease is often easily misdiagnosed as other febrile syndromes such as malaria and typhoid fever. This has therefore resulted in mistreatments and underreporting. Brucellosis can be diagnosed through culturing, serological techniques, and most importantly through molecular techniques. This will enable adequate and correct treatment to avoid economic loss through trial-and-error approach to treatment. The road towards achieving sustainable development goals number 3 in the areas of good health and well-being should focus more on detection, treatment, and elimination of NTDs.
Comparative Studies On The Percentage Yield Of Soft Cheese Produced From Various Animals’s Milk Using Different Coagulants
(Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 2020-04-26) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
Abstract The comparative study of the percentage yield of soft cheese produced from different animal’s milk was done. Soft cheese was produced from cow, sheep and goat using six different coagulants of plant origin: Calotropis procera, Carica papaya, lemon juice and steep water from maize, millet and sorghum. The objective of this study was to compare the yield of the soft cheese produced from these coagulants. The result revealed that for cow milk, Calotropis procera had the highest percentage yield (27.3%) while steep water from millet had the lowest percentage yield (5.1%). For sheep milk, Calotropis procera also had the highest percentage yield (25.6%) while steep water from maize had the lowest percentage yield (3.8%). However, for goat milk, Carica papaya had the highest percentage yield (23.3%) while steep water from millet had the lowest percentage yield (7.4%). In conclusion, this study suggests that soft cheese from goat milk can be an alternative to the commonly used cow milk in terms of percentage yield. Coagulants such as Carica papaya is a better alternative to the commonly used Calotropis procera in cheese making industry.
Efficacy of Essential Oils from Persea americana Stem Bark and Seed Extracts
(Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry, 2017-07-10) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
The aim of the study is to evaluate the Antibacterial, Phytochemical analysis of Essential Oil, From the Stem Bark and seed extracts of Persea americana (Avocado). This was carried out by the crude extraction of the seeds and stem bark extracts with n-hexane. The extracts were used to determine the presence of Phytochemicals. Stock cultures of test organism such as Staphylococcus aereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis were used to test the antibacterial efficacy of the extracts using the agar well diffusion method. The extracts shows presence of antibacterial efficacy which was compared to antibacterial activity of a commercial antibiotic (Chloramphenical) against the test organisms. At 12.5 mg, hexane extract of avocado stem bark shows little activity against Proteus mirabilis (0.0 mm), Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.0 mm). Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the Avocado essential oil (Stem bark) was observed at higher concentrations (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg) for methanol, it indicate the presence of Alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, Tannins, Saponin and Reducing sugar. Phytate extracts exhibited the highest bacterial activity. The phytochemical analysis shows the presence of phenol, saponin, reducing sugar steroids, tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid and Cardiac glycoside. From this research, Avocado seeds and stem bark when properly extracted and purified, acts as antibiotics which can be used in treatment of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, and other various organisms such as virus and fungi.
Efficacy of Newly Emerging Detergents, Laundry Bleach, and Toilet Soap against Bacteria Isolated from Fairly used Clothes, Male/Female Underwear
(South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology, 2022-04-26) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
The aim of this study is to determine the potency of newly emerging detergents, laundry bleach, and toilet soap on bacteria isolates from fairly used clothes and Female Underwear. The current study included sample collection from used clothing and female underwear and compared the efficacy of detergents, toilet soap and laundry bleach (Jik),to reduce the microbial load in the used cloth. Organisms were isolated from the used cloth and female underwear, identified, and microbiologically characterized using the conventional method of microbiology assay. i.e, biochemical test,a compilation of cultural colonial and characteristics. Test Samples were washed using four (4) types of detergents and five (5) types of toilet soap and laundry bleach. The results of the colony-forming unit (CFU) before and after washing with detergent and toilet soap and laundry bleach were recorded, washing with detergents and toilet soap. The results showed that detergents were more effective in reducing bacterial load than toilet soap in all test samples. the addition of laundry bleach (Jik) also shows the effectiveness in reducing bacterial load in fairly used clothes and Female Underwear The antibiotics susceptibility test were determined using disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods respectively. Eight (8) bacteria were identified include Aerobacter aerogenes (3), Bacillus polymyxa (5), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Veillonella parvula (5), Escherichia freundii (1), Escherichia coli (3), Enterobacter aerogenes (2) and Aerobacter cloacae (1). Bacillus polymyxa, and Veillonella parvula were the most common organism isolated and followed by Escherichia coli from fairly used clothes and Female Underwear. In this study, some of the Gram-positive(+ve) bacteria isolates were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics like Streptomycin, Tarivid, Reflacine Ciprofloxacin, Augmentin, Gentamycin, Ceporex, Nalidixic acid, Septrin, and Amplicin. Gram-negative bacteria isolated were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and all the isolated organisms were resistant to Ceporex. Gram-positive (-ve) bacteria were sensitive to Streptomycin and were resistant to Rifampicin. To determine the growth dynamics and killing kinetics of the isolated organisms, from fairly used clothes and Female Underwear, an Ultraviolet spectrophotometer were used to determine the wavelength and killing kinetics of isolated organisms from fairly used clothes and Female Underwear. The addition of antibiotics to the isolated organisms at the 48th-hour speed up the death rate of the isolates from fairly used clothe washed with different detergent Laundry Bleach and toilet soaps. It can be deduced that this study validates the efficacy of newly emerging detergents, Laundry bleach, and toilet soap against bacteria isolated from fairly used clothes. It is also recommended to wash fairly used clothes using different methods of soaking the fairly used clothes and female underwear in the Laundry Bleach for some days before finally washing in detergents and ironing before use. This method will drastically reduce and remove bacterial load in the fairly used clothes and female underwear.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity, Synergistic Efficacy, Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Determination of Alstonia Boonei Leaf and Stem Bark on Selected Clinical Isolates
(Triple A Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (JMD), 2017-06) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity, of Alstonia boonei leaf, stem bark and the synergistic efficacy of A. boonei leaf plus stem bark on seven bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria) which are strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus viridans, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and three fungal isolates which are Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Trichophyton rubrum. This study also evaluates the quantitative and qualitative phytochemical properties of A. boonei leaf and stem bark, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration of A. boonei leaf and stem bark crude extracts on the selected clinical isolates. A. boonei was collected from ore in Odigbo local government of Ondo state. Crude extraction of air dried leaf and stem bark was carried out by soaking the plant in dichloromethane, standard agar good diffusion method was used for sensitivity testing and the minimum inhibitory concentration values are obtained by agar dilution method. The crude extract from both plant parts shows high antimicrobial property, while the synergistic effect of the leaf and stem bark shows comparatively higher antimicrobial property to the individual tissue. Sensitivity test revealed that the highest zone of inhibition was observed from the synergy of A. boonei leaf and stem bark against E. coli with 25mm at 100mg/ml, while the least zone of inhibition is observed from the stem bark extract against K. pneumoniae with 2mm at 6.25mg/ml. the highest antifungal activity is from the synergistic effect against C. albicans with 20mm zone of inhibition at 100mg/ml, and the least antifungal activity is observed against T. rubrum with 11mm zone of inhibition at 100mg/ml to the leaf extract of A. boonei. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of phytochemicals such as Alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids, tannin, saponin, flavonoid, anthraquinone, phenol and reducing sugars in the different tissues and it supports their antimicrobial activities.
Evaluation of Nutrient Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Wheat Cookies Fortified with Mushroom (Termitomyces robustus) and Edible Insects
(Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 2023-02-21) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
Deficiencies of macro- and micronutrients and low protein con tent in foods are causing salient epidemic ailments in all genders, ages, and most especially immunocompromised individuals. This study, therefore, reveals proximate composition, minerals, amino acid contents, and antioxidative activity of unfortified and forti f ied wheat cookies with edible mushroom (Termitomyces robus tus) and different insects, namely Brachytrupes membranaceus, Macrotermes nigeriensis, and Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Wheat cookies with T. robustus and R. ferrugineus have the highest protein, crude fiber, iron, potassium, and magnesium contents of 17.20%, 14.01%, 818.00 mg/100 g, 573.81 mg/100 g, and 183.90 mg/100 g, respectively. The highest zinc content of 625.02 mg/100 g was present in wheat cookies fortified with mushroom and B. membranaceus. Valine (6.17 mg/100 g) was the highest amino acid present in cookies with mushroom and R. ferrugineus. The supplementation of cookies with edible mush room and insects is a promising and possibility of improving nutritional, bio-functional, and health-promoting effects of baked foods to combat diseases associated with nutrient deficiencies
Fruit preservation with bioethanol obtained from the fermentation of brewer’s spent grain with Saccharomyces carlsbergensis
(2020-08-30) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
Brewer’s Spent Grain (BSG) is renewable lignocellulosic biomass generated from the beer brewing process. It serves as a substrate for various biotechnological applications. BSG was used as the main substrate for bioethanol production with Saccharomyces carlsbergensis in submerged fermentation. Saccharification and fermentation studies were performed for the production of bioethanol. A sterilized fermenter was loaded with 50 g L-1 of BSG at 29±2 °C and an agitation speed of 180 rpm. pH was adjusted to 6.0 before the addition of 500 mL of yeast culture for 7 days under submerged and optimized conditions. The fermented product was concentrated using a rotary evaporator at 66±1 °C, and ethanol was qualitatively determined by the dichromate method. Bioethanol yield was 22%, with a specific gravity of 0.8 at 28 °C. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of -CH3 stretch , -OH stretch and -CH2stretch in bioethanol. For the preservative test, Staphylococcus spp., Erwinia spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacillus spp., Xanthomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., Micrococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. were the bacteria isolated from fruits examined from different regions of Osun State. The genera of fungi isolated were Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Penicillium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Rhizopus, Candida, Saccharomyces, Geotrichium and Pichia. Bioethanol produced from BSG inhibited the growth of microorganisms with zones of inhibition range from 7.0 mm to 11.5 mm, and thus, selected fruits were preserved. Hence, the fermentation technology of agro-industrial wastes with microorganisms can be adopted to convert waste biomass to useful resources
Handbook of Research on Advanced Phytochemicals as Antimicrobial Agents
(IGI Global, 2022-06) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
Microbial infections and antibiotic resistance are two of the most serious threats to society’s health today. Millions of people die each year as a result of microbial infections. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by viral infections was responsible for the highest amount of all deaths that year. Existing anti microbial drugs have become less effective, if not ineffective, as a result of the emergence of resistance. Several antibiotic resistance-fighting strategies have been proposed in recent years. One strategy pro posed to achieve this objective has been to use combination therapy which appears to restore the desired antimicrobial activity. Several medicinal plants have demonstrated therapeutic effects against pathogens that cause human infections due to their phytochemicals constituents which have been elucidated to act as antimicrobial agents. This chapter focuses on phytochemicals as antimicrobial agents, giving information about infectious diseases and the pathobiology of these diseases. Also, the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of phytochemical were discussed
Identification of bacterial pathogens isolated from smoked blue whiting fish (Micromesistius poutasou) from Odeomu market in Osun state Nigeria
(German Journal of Veterinary Research, 2023-08-12) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
The presence of microorganisms is one of the major factors affecting the quality of smoked fish sold in the open markets. Smoked blue whiting fish (Micromesistius pouta sou), commonly called (Panla) sold in the Odeomu market in Osun State, were ana lyzed for microbial contaminants. Isolates were identified using conventional biochemical methods, and antibiotics susceptibility testing was carried out using the disc diffusion method. The total bacterial counts (TBC) results showed that the fish samples had high bacterial counts, ranging from 2.1×103 to 9.2×103 colony-forming units (CFU)/g. Bac teria isolated from the fish samples were: E. coli (45.46%), Enterobacter spp. (1.01%), Klebsiella spp. (6.06%), Proteus spp. (9.09%), Salmonella spp. (7.07%), Shigella spp. (19.19%), Bacillus spp. (4.04%) and Staphylococcus spp. (8.08%). The antibiotic sen sitivity pattern of Gram-Negative bacteria indicated that all the isolates were resis tant to more than three antibiotics. All E. coli isolates were resistant to augmentin and ceftazidime, 82.2% were resistant to cefuroxime, 17.7% to gentamicin, and 6.7% to ofloxacin. Screening of resistance genes showed that all six selected multiple antibiotic resistant E. coli isolates tested harbored TEM gene, and two isolates (33.33%) harbored the aac (3)-II gene. None of the isolates harbored SHV, CTX-M, and qnrB genes. Our results showed that smoked blue whiting fish may pose a significant risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria that contain multiple antibiotic-resistance genes, highlight ing a serious public health concern.
Incidence of drug resistant bacteria and physicochemical properties of Ero Dam, Nigeria
(Report and Opinion, 2010) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
An investigation on microbiological and physico-chemical properties of untreated and treated water from Ero-dam, Ikun-Ekiti was carried out in 2009. Samples of untreated and treated water collected from the dam and inflow rivers were analysed for total viable bacteria and coliforms using the standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was by NCCL technique. The pH ranged from 7.35 to 8.10 for both treated and untreated water sample while the temperature ranged from 240C to 280C. The total viable and coliform counts for all the water samples were generally high exceeding the internationally defined limits for drinking water. The isolates organisms were identified to be E. coli, Klebsiella spp Staphylococcus spp, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Proteus spp, Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus sp, Serratia marcescens and Falvobacterium spp. Twenty one multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were demonstrated by the isolated bacteria. Recommendations for an improved rural water supply scheme are suggested.
Influence of Blanching on the Production of Pectinases from Banana Peels by Aspergillus niger
(International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2019-03-26) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
Pectinases are enzymes that break down pectin, a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls into simpler molecules. They are commonly referred to as pectic enzymes. Influence of blanching was determined on the production of pectinases from banana peels by Aspergillus niger. Banana peels were subjected to blanching with cold 5% NaCl. Aspergillus niger isolated from decaying banana peels using potato dextrose agar (PDA) were screened for the production of pectinases by examining the isolates with the largest zone of clearance. Solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SMF) were carried out with the banana peels as the substrate (carbon source) using the Aspergillus niger with the largest zone of clearance. The result revealed that SSF has the highest yield of polygalacturonase and pectin lyase production and both were produced on day 3 of the fermentation having values of 7.5544U/mL and 22.3214U/mL respectively. It was observed that yield of production was generally higher in blanched banana peels when compared with unblanched banana peels. Subjection of banana peels to blanching with cold NaCl solution in solid state fermentation gave higher levels of pectinases activity when compared with banana peels that were not treated at all. Therefore blanching of banana peels for pectinases production is of great importance.
Influence of Different Coagulants on the Amino acid Content of Soft cheese (wara) Produced from Sheep milk
(Journal of Research in Agriculture and Animal Science, 2020-02-24) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
Soft cheese, a coagulated product of raw milk is usually produced from cow milk using Calotropis procera, though it can be produced from other animals’ milk using other coagulants. Influence of different coagulants (Calotropis procera, Carica papaya, lemon juice and steep water from cereals (maize, millet and sorghum)) was carried out on the amino acid content of soft cheese produced from sheep milk. Raw milk sample was collected from sheep and processed into soft cheese by these coagulants and the amino acid composition was carried out using standard methods. The result revealed that Calotropis procera coagulated soft cheese has the highest essential amino acid content Leucine (10.21g/100g), while steep water from millet coagulated soft cheese has the lowest essential amino acid content methionine (0.72g/100g). Lemon juice coagulated soft cheese has the highest non essential amino acid glutamic acid (16.27g/100g) and lowest glycine content was found in soft cheese coagulated with steep water from millet (1.38g/100g). In conclusion, this study revealed that highly nutritious soft cheese can also be gotten from sheep milk other than the commonly used cow milk and coagulants such as lemon juice can compete favorably well with Calotropis procera in production of highly nutritious soft cheese.
Microbiological Analysis and Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Ratus rattus and Felis catus Faecal Pellets from Residential Houses of Akungba Communities in Ondo State, Nigeria
(Top 10 Contributions on Molecular Biology, 2018-08-10) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
Rats have become household commensals that are found in residential areas and offices. Cat faeces and rat faecal pellets are in every corner of the house especially in the food stores and this may pose a serious hazard because the faeces may contain microorganisms that are both pathogenic to humans and resistant to several classes of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentials for zoonotic infections and for the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in rat faecal pellets which contaminates the home, environments especially the food stores and rural areas. Fresh faecal specimen of cat and rat were collected from different houses in Akungba and Ikare communities in Ondo State. After culturing in appropriate media, diverse group of bacteria were isolated. These include Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus intermedius, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella sp., Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter youngae, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella enterica, and Acinetobacter haemolyticus. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Using commercially available antibiotic disc, multiple drug resistant Enterococci sp. and Staphylococcus aureus were detected from the rat and cat faecal samples. Determination of MIC of ofloxacin revealed a high MIIC value (5µg/ml) against the susceptible bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Acinetobacter haemolyticus. The presence of the resistant bacteria in the house may represent a public health hazard which requires serious public enlightenment.
Microbiological and Molecular Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Domestic Water Sources in Nabuti Village, MukonoDistrict, Central Uganda
(Microbiology Research, 2025-05-15) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
Access to clean and safe water is crucial for community well-being. Water samples from storage tank water (STW) and municipal tap water (MTW) were aseptically collected, and total bacterial and coliform counts were determined. Isolates were Gram-stained, and conventional biochemical tests were conducted. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby–Bauer’s disk diffusion technique. Selected isolates were confirmed through Sanger sequencing of amplified 16S rRNA genes. Polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis techniques were used to determine the presence of quinolone and beta-lactam resistance genes. A total of 50 water samples were analyzed. The mean total coliform counts (TCCs) were 5.75 for STW and 5.5 for MTW. In total, 43 and 13 bacterial isolates were recovered from STW and MTW, respectively, with Gram-negative bacteria being more prevalent 58.14% (25/43) in STW and 81.82% (9/11) in MTW. The isolates appeared to belong to seven different presumptive bacterial genera on biochemical tests. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon Sanger sequencing of 38 isolates revealed 15 different species. A total of 38 isolates tested for resistance genes revealed that 47.37%, 31.58%, 21.05%, 10.53%, 28.95%, and 13.16% harbored gyrB, parC, gyrA, parE, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility profiling revealed a predominance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains among the bacterial isolates from both water sources. Regular monitoring and enhanced water treatment are critical to protect the public health and reduce the spread of potential pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in household water systems.
Microbiological assessment and Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Enterobacteriaceae recovered from kulikuli sold at selected markets in Ife-North Local Government Area
(Nigerian Journal of Pure & Applied Science, 2023-08-09) Oluwatoyin Modupe Aladejana
The native West African population eats a groundnut-based snack called kulikuli (groundnut cake). The study was carried out in order to evaluate, characterize, and determine multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR-I) of isolated pathogen isolated in ready-to-eat kulikuli snacks. 52 samples of kulikuli in total were collected for this investigation from Odeomu market and its surroundings in Osun State, Nigeria. Using the pour plate technique, bacteriological analysis of the samples was performed. Total coliform counts were counted on MacConkey agar, total bacterial counts on Nutrient agar, and total fungal counts were counted on potato dextrose agar. Phenotypic and biochemical assays were used in identifying the bacterial isolates. Disc diffusion techniques were used to test the isolates' antibiotic susceptibility, and the MAR index of the isolates was determined. The total bacterial count, total coliform count and the total fungal count of the samples varied from 1.5 to 8.8×103cfu/g, 0.3 to 6.6×103cfu/g and 1 to 7.3×104cfu/g respectively. The organisms recovered were enteric, Gram-negative members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) to four to seven different antibiotics was developed by the isolates. The research area has a high overall rate of multiple drug resistance pathogens isolated from the kulikuli samples. The MAR Index was higher than 0.2, however a MAR index that is greater than 0.2 suggested high-risk sources, like places where bacteria have been repeatedly exposed to antibiotics or where the use of antibiotic is common. In conclusion, in order to avoid consuming these pathogens and harmful toxins together with the products, kulikuli should be sold in hygienic conditions and environments, be sealed, and not be exposed to air. This is because the organisms identified in this study indicated health risks that would be harmful to consumers.

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