Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity, Synergistic Efficacy, Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Determination of Alstonia Boonei Leaf and Stem Bark on Selected Clinical Isolates
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2017-06
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Triple A Research Journal of Multidisciplinary (JMD)
Abstract
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity, of Alstonia boonei leaf, stem bark
and the synergistic efficacy of A. boonei leaf plus stem bark on seven bacteria
(Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria) which are strains of Escherichia
coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Proteus viridans, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and three fungal
isolates which are Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Trichophyton
rubrum. This study also evaluates the quantitative and qualitative phytochemical
properties of A. boonei leaf and stem bark, as well as the minimum inhibitory
concentration of A. boonei leaf and stem bark crude extracts on the selected
clinical isolates. A. boonei was collected from ore in Odigbo local government
of Ondo state. Crude extraction of air dried leaf and stem bark was carried out
by soaking the plant in dichloromethane, standard agar good diffusion method
was used for sensitivity testing and the minimum inhibitory concentration values
are obtained by agar dilution method. The crude extract from both plant parts
shows high antimicrobial property, while the synergistic effect of the leaf and
stem bark shows comparatively higher antimicrobial property to the individual
tissue. Sensitivity test revealed that the highest zone of inhibition was observed
from the synergy of A. boonei leaf and stem bark against E. coli with 25mm at
100mg/ml, while the least zone of inhibition is observed from the stem bark
extract against K. pneumoniae with 2mm at 6.25mg/ml. the highest antifungal
activity is from the synergistic effect against C. albicans with 20mm zone of
inhibition at 100mg/ml, and the least antifungal activity is observed against T.
rubrum with 11mm zone of inhibition at 100mg/ml to the leaf extract of A.
boonei. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis reveals the
presence of phytochemicals such as Alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids,
tannin, saponin, flavonoid, anthraquinone, phenol and reducing sugars in the
different tissues and it supports their antimicrobial activities.
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Oludare T.O, Bamidele O, Aladejana O.M and Ogunlade A.O