Department of Biological Sciences
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
Now showing 1 - 5 of 231
- ItemEffect of Concurrent Administration of Herbs on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs: A Review(Advances in Pharmacology and Clinical Trials, 2023) Ademisoye A.I.Herbal medicines are currently in high demand, and their popularity is steadily increasing as an alternative medicine. This is as a result of their perceived effectiveness, fewer side effects and relatively low cost. They are being used simultaneously with therapeutic drugs for the treatment and management of numerous medical conditions, but due to the complex mixture of bioactive constituents they are capable of affecting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of conventional drugs when administered concurrently. Of serious concern is the concurrent consumption of herbal products and conventional drugs. Herb–drug inter-action (HDI) is the single most important clinical consequence of this practice. Using a structured assessment procedure, the evidence of HDI presents with varying degree of clinical significance. While the potential for HDI for a number of herbal products is inferred from non-human studies, certain HDIs are well established through human studies and documented case reports. This herb-drug interactions (HDIs) may lead to modifications in plasma drug levels resulting in therapeutic failure of the drug or, alternatively, it may cause drug-induced toxicity. The main routes proposed for HDIs include cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-mediated inhibition or induction and transport and flow proteins. In our review, some herbal medicines used for the treatment of various diseases were highlighted and case reports of their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics herb-drug interactions were analyzed. Therefore, this review can be a quick reference tool for physicians, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals involved in therapy, and counseling towards appropriate use of drugs to maximize clinical outcomes.
- ItemAlteration of Early-Phase Piperaquine Disposition by Concurrent Administration of Clarithromycin in Healthy Volunteers(Advances in Pharmacology and Clinical Trials, 2024) Ademisoye A.I.Malaria and Helicobacter pylori infections are some of the most prevalent infectious diseases causing thousands of deaths worldwide. Concurrent infections can exacerbate co-morbidities or make worse the management of malaria. Drug-drug interactions arising from activities of CYP450 during concurrent management of the co-infections could worsen management challenges and therapeutic outcomes. Fifteen healthy volunteers were administered single oral dose of P-Alaxin© consisting piperaquine (960 mg) and dihydroartemisinin (240 mg). Following a five-month wash out period, clarithromycin (500 mg) was administered twice daily for five days. A single dose of P-Alaxin© was administered on the 3rd day. Blood samples were collected within 48 hours and analyzed for plasma levels of the administered drugs using RP-HPLC methods. The Tmax was 5.2±2.11 h vs 5.47±2.56 h and did not vary significantly p>0.05. However, Cmax and AUC0-48, of piperaquine when concurrently administered with clarithromycin increased significantly (179.41±56.35 ng/ml vs 478.99 ± 148.86 ng/ml; 37,644.56 ± 16.716.95 vs 104,098.47 ± 53.311.57 ng/ml*h respectively (p<0.05).quine during concurrent administration could be a pointer to major drug interactions that may manifest during full course of management of the concurrent infections. pharmacokinetic parameters in the early phase metabolism of piperaquine during concurrent administration cou
- ItemBACTERIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF FRIED-READY-TO EAT (RTE) VENDED FOODS SOLD IN OSOGBO, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA(Journal of Faculty of Food Engineering, Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania, 2023-12-29) Femi AyoadeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the bacteriological profile of Enterobacteriaceae from ready-to-eat (RTE) fried foods and to also screen for the presence of shiga-toxins, intimin and haemolysin genes which are indicator genes for food-borne infections and diseases. The morphological and biochemical characterizations were carried out using standard isolation techniques while enumeration was done using a colony counter. To study the resistance and susceptibility pattern of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae, the characterized isolates were subjected to antibiotics susceptibility test using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The presence of stx 1 and 2 (shiga toxin genes), eaeA (intimin gene) and hylA (haemolysin gene) were screened for in the multi- drug resistant (MDR) isolates. Six (6) species of bacteria were isolated from the RTE food samples namely: Proteus spp (20%), Escherichia coli (60%), Salmonella spp (30%), Klebsiella spp (30%), Staphylococcus spp (20%) and Shigella spp (50%) while the colonial count ranged from 60×105- 299×103. The phenotypic antibiotics profile result showed that 60% of the multi-drug resistant organisms harboured stx1 and 2 while 40% harboured hylA. However, none of the MDR isolates were positive for eaeA. In conclusion, commercially vended RTE food handlers should be continuously educated on the importance of basic food hygiene and sanitation.
- ItemAssessment of Elemental Contamination of Selected Major Dams from Osun State, Nigeria by Multivariate and Hazard Index Analyses(Environmental Forensics, 2023-12-28) Peter, Grace SenameDams and their environment, interrelate with a degree of complexity that often affects the availability of potable water. In Nigeria, dams are an important source of drinking water in many communities but are vulnerable to contamination from different sources. This study assessed the possible elemental (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Zn) contamination sources of selected dams in a total of 126 samples comprising 54 surface water, and 72 sediment samples collected from six main dams in Osun State using multivariate analyses like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). Generally, the average elemental concentration was in the decreasing order of Cr > Ni > Cd > Pb > Cu > Fe > Zn > Mn and Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd > Zn > Mn > Fe > Cu for surface water and sediment samples respectively. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed that the average concentrations of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) across the sampling sites, indicating similar PTEs profiles. The PCA and CA revealed possible sources of elemental contamination to the dam quality as weathering of bedrocks, uncontrolled farming activities, abandoned equipment, boat fueling, maintenance, and repairs. Although only 13.9% of the hazard quotients (HQ) were higher than one for all the studied heavy metals in surface water, 91.7% of the hazard index (HI) were higher than one. This suggests an unacceptable risk of non-carcinogenic effects from the direct consumption of dam water. Furthermore, the oral target cancer risk, TCRoral in children > adults and > 1 × 10−4 for cancer risk set by USEPA, however, the % contribution of Cr to ∑TCRoral in adults which is > 1 × 10−4 ranged between 98.9 to 99.5%, indicating that Cr is the most dominant carcinogens in the overall cancer risk in adults.
- ItemEmergence and spread of two SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest in Nigeria(Nature communications, 2023-02-13) Femi AyoadeIdentifying the dissemination patterns and impacts of a virus of economic or health importance during a pandemic is crucial, as it informs the public on policies for containment in order to reduce the spread of the virus. In this study, we integrated genomic and travel data to investigate the emergence and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.318 and B.1.525 (Eta) variants of interest in Nigeria and the wider Africa region. By integrating travel data and phylogeo- graphic reconstructions, we find that these two variants that arose during the second wave in Nigeria emerged from within Africa, with the B.1.525 from Nigeria, and then spread to other parts of the world. Data from this study show how regional connectivity of Nigeria drove the spread of these variants of interest to surrounding countries and those connected by air-traffic. Our findings demonstrate the power of genomic analysis when combined with mobility and epidemiological data to identify the drivers of transmission, as bidirectional transmission within and between African nations are grossly underestimated as seen in our import risk index estimates.