Department of Behavioral Studies

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Alcohol Use among Nigerian University Students: Prevalence, Correlates and Frequency of Use
(2019) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
Background: Globally, alcohol use is responsible for 320 deaths every hour, and the impact is more among those in the younger age group. Despite the adverse health and social challenges associated with alcohol use, alcohol remains the most used and abused psychoactive substance among young adults. Our study aimed at determining the prevalence, correlates and frequency of alcohol use among young adults in two Nigerian universities. We further explored the role of family structure, family support and religion/religiosity on alcohol use in this study setting. Such findings could help to inform public health policy formulation in the country. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in two selected universities in the North Central region of Nigeria. The study was conducted among a final sample of 784 students selected using stratified random sampling. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on ever and current alcohol use and frequency of alcohol use between February and April 2018. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The level of ever and current use of alcohol was 43.5 and 31.1%, respectively. The mean frequency of alcohol use among the study participants was three days, but ten days among current alcohol users. In the adjusted model, male sex, age above 19 years, infrequent attendance of religious rituals, and belonging to rich/middle-class family were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of ever use and current use of alcohol, while living in the same household as one’s father was associated with lower odds of current and ever use of alcohol. Conclusion: There is a high rate of lifetime and current use of alcohol among university students in the study setting. Alcohol use was significantly associated with living with parents, religion and religiosity. Both high and low socioeconomic status were associated with alcohol use. There is a need to implement measures in controlling alcohol manufacturing and marketing as well as policies regulating alcohol outlets establishment around educational institutions as well as the working hours in such outlets. Finally, there is a need to organise interventions aimed at reducing this unhealthy social norm among students in this setting.
Alternatives to Imprisonment in Nigeria: A Sociological Reflection
(Direct Research Journal, 2017) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
This article extended research on the need for the Nigerian Criminal Justice System to fully embrace alternatives to imprisonment and use prison as a last resort. It seeks implementation of strategies that will use imprisonment as last option and also highlights what actors must do to ensure its success. The focus of the article is on how over reliance on imprisonment should be systematically reduced in the country so as to improve the delivery of justice and to integrate international human rights-based standards and norms into local policies and practices and at the same time reduce the prison population. To achieve the above, the article suggested the adoption of related and useful alternatives to imprisonment that may be considered when assessing the needs and demands of the country‘s criminal justice system. It recommends systematic implementation of alternatives at the stages of pre-trial, sentencing and also highlights the early release of sentenced prisoners.
“Baranda”: Structure and Praxis of “Onibaranda” (micro-middlemen) in Yorubaland
(Qualitative Market Research: Emerald Insight, 2020) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
Purpose – This study aims to investigate the historical antecedent of baranda practice, marketing strategies of Onibaranda, as well as the benefits and challenges associated with baranda practice. Design/methodology/approach – Using exploratory research design, primary data were collected from 27 interviewees in two purposively selected markets in Ibadan. Responses were audio-taped, transcribed, proofread, categorized into themes and, finally, content analyzed to decrypt the underlying thought patterns and processes. Findings – The findings showed that the origin of the age-long practice of baranda was unknown. It was also discovered that Onibaranda used various, dynamic and situational marketing strategies to carve a niche for themselves, in response to the demand of the markets in which they operate. Lastly, the results showed that while some stakeholders see Onibaranda as useful and necessary marketing agents that uniquely connect sellers and buyers, others outline the ignoble role that Onibaranda play in their bid to create valuable exchanges between sellers and buyers. Practical implications – Knowledge of this study is germane to informal market stakeholders both in Yorubaland and across the globe. Social implications – Unless baranda practice is properly regulated, various ills associated with it might discredit the numerous benefits inherent in the practice. Concerted effort by all market stakeholders is, therefore, highly imperative so as to provide rules and regulations that will guide and check the excess practices of Onibaranda in the study locations, as this will enhance customer satisfaction, sellers’ profits and smooth continued operation of Onibaranda. Originality/value – This empirical study represents the first attempt to examine the structure and praxis of Onibaranda in Ibadan.
Climate Change and Food Security in the Nigeria's Niger Delta
(Ilorin Journal of Sociology, 2011) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
This paper examines climate change and food security in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. the study focused on the Niger Delta because of the peculiarity of the region in the area of oil exploration related activities. causing emission of green house gases. The study provides background information on the interrelationship between climate change and food security in Niger Delta of Nigeria, and ways to deal with the new threat. It also highlighted the way forward for the agriculture sector in the area, as well as describing how all stakeholders can contribute to reduce the climate challenge and ensure sustainable food production in the area.
Costs and Treatment of Drug Abuse, and Addiction in Nigeria
(International Journal of social of social Sciences and Humanities Review, 2011) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
Drug abuse and addiction is treatable, preventable disease yet millions are suffering from effects of the problem. No doubt, drug abuse and addiction is a major burden to society. Substance abuse and drug addiction is an epidemic that impacts the entire society in a variety of ways, including the cost of treatment; every member of the society is affected either directly or indirectly by substance abuse. The harmful effects of drug abuse and addiction on human lives and economic development especially in developed countries of the world are widely acknowledged in the literature. Using formal as well as empirical approaches several researchers have shown that effects and problems associated with drug and addiction are rife in developing countries, and that not much have been done to remedy this malaise. In this light, however, this study reviewed the nature and costs of drug abuse and addiction in Nigeria Costs of abuse and addiction in terms of indebtedness for addicts, costs for family members, costs for the workplace, costs for the society, illegal activities, and physical and psychological costs are examined. The interaction of drug abuse and addiction with other serious infectious diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis, and tuberculosis as well as violence, are noted. in addition, various means and methods of treatment for drug dependence people in Nigeria were examined.
A Critical Examination of the Role of Immunity Clause under the Nigerian Constitution
(2018) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
This paper examines the immunity clause in the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and how it has exacerbated the high level of corruption, impunity, injustice, abuse of the rule of law, and lack of good governance in Nigeria. The article also identifies the various problems bedeviling the exercise of the power and proffers recommendations for preventing and solving the problems.
Demographic Transition and Underdevelopment in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Obdurate Conundrum
(Global Journal of Applied, Management and Social Sciences (GOJAMSS);, 2020) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
African economic development (particularly in the Sub-Saharan region) since the turn of the twentieth century till recent times has been described by scholars as poor and unpromising. The one-time burgeoning economic prosperity of the 1950s, 60’s and ‘70s of many African states has become moribund and in comatose, gradually nudging into a colossal growth and development crisis. One prevailing argument and explanation among demographers, sociologists, and economists for such diminutive social and economic growth in Africa is situated within the wider thesis that underscores the inability of many African states to wriggle through ‘demographic transition’. With its current demographic shift, a significant number of countries in Africa is yet to grapple with and manage the intricacies associated with their ever-soaring rates of mortality, fertility and obdurate unrestrained population growth. Hence, their current underdevelopment status occasioned by lopsided demographic transition and slow economic growth rate, and which has nonetheless portrayed the region as the world poorest. Based on the foregoing, this article relying on secondary data sources traced, analysed and presented the trajectory of demographic transition of selected African states and the attendant implications of such on social and economic outcomes. By this, the paper, discusses historically the deep-seated African demographic shift, and canvasses how African states can achieve a sincere and purposeful ‘demographic bonus and dividend.’
Documenting Faith-Development Trajectory in Africa: Contributions and Contestations
(South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, 2019) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
This article focuses on faith and work particularly in Africa. It highlights the important role of faith based organisations in development. Specifically, it reviews the history of faith-based social provisioning; however, particular attention is devoted to the contributions of faith-based organisations towards enhancing delivery of social services to the disadvantaged and vulnerable people in Africa. To compliment the foregoing, a comprehensive review of existing relevant literature on achievements and contradictions attributed to faith-based social provisioning is examined. In short, this article concludes that Faith-based Organisations, in line with their myriad social and developmental activities have become a veritable institution that caters for the vulnerable and disadvantaged people, particularly in remotes areas and societies where expenditure on public services has been cut by the governments.
Drug Addiction and Rehabilitation in Nigeria: Insights from Sociological Theories
(Global Journal of Medical Research, 2012) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
In recent times, discourse on drug abuse and addiction has taken an upward trend globally; and this might not be unconnected with the phenomenal increase in the rate of drug dependence and its associated problems. As a matter of fact in recent years, the problem of drug abuse and addiction has received a considerable attention especially among Governments, Non Governmental Organizations, International Agencies, Health Workers, Academics and Researchers just to mention few. More recent scholarship has shown that studies on drug abuse and addiction have yielded important insights into both the causes and consequences of drug dependence. Often, the works in the addiction field usually use the pharmacological/medical model, psychological theories of behavior, or operate within the confines of a criminal justice perspective. Perusal of literature has shown that contributions from the field of sociology are not only scarce but also limited to the use of methods of sociological Investigations.
Drug Use, Driving Behaviour, Accident Rate and Passengers’ Injury among Commercial Drivers in Oshodi Lagos, Nigeria
(2020) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
Most drivers across the world, particularly long-distance drivers suffer from sleep deprivation, and physical and psychological stress in the line of their duties. To prevent these, a significant number of them use substances, even at the expense of their health, to remain awake and relieve fatigue in the course of their long-distance driving. At its most extreme, this act has been identified as precursor of auto-accident, passenger injury and risky driving behaviour. In Nigeria, however, the effects of drug use on the driving behaviour of commercial drivers, and the concomitant effects of such act on the physical and psychosocial health of passengers and other road users is yet to be given adequate research attention. To this end, this study examined how substance use of commercial drivers in Lagos metropolis influences their risky driving behaviour, rate of auto-accident, and passengers’ injury. To achieve the above, 478 male commercial drivers were purposively selected (ages 20-68; x =39.4; SD=10) in Oshodi, Lagos Metropolis. The participants responded to Substance Abuse Prevalence Inventory (SAPI), Driving Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) and Accident Rate Questionnaire (ARQ). The results revealed prevalence rates of drug use (36.4%), risky driving behaviour (47.7%), accident rate (13.4%) and passengers’ injury 7.5% (minor injury 4.0%; major injury 3.5%). Results indicated that frequency, quantity and total drug use of drivers independently significantly predict their driving behaviour, accident rate and injury among the passengers.
Faith-based Organisations and Compliance with Social Reintegration Prescriptions: The Nigerian Case
(International Journal of Arts, Languages and Business Studies (IJALBS), 2020) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
Against the backdrop of debates and contestations in the literature on the efficacy of interventions of Faith based organisations (FBOs) with regard to vulnerable people, this study examines the social reintegration programmes of three selected FBOs working with the recovering drug-addicts in South-western Nigeria so as to understand the level and extent of compliance of such programmes with the prescriptions and idealisations as enunciated in relevant global and national policies and institutional frameworks. Adopting an exploratory approach, the study utilised a blend of survey, key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, observation and document review to gather data. Survey data were collected from a random sample of 156 inmates of the facilities of three (3) FBOs in Oyo, Ogun and Lagos states in South-western, Nigeria. However, findings from the study indicated that there was a huge disconnect between global prescriptions on social reintegration services and what the selected FBOs offered to their inmates.
The Family and Corruption Management in Nigeria
(Journal of Social and Policy Issues, 2010) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
Fight against corruption is emerging as one of the key concerns in Nigeria in recent times. More than ever, efforts to control corruption have risen considerably among actors like the government, civil society groups, academics and the general public as part of the process of ensuring broader good governance agenda. In a bid to curb this menace, several steps have been taken by past and present administrations towards institutionalization and enthronement of accountability and transparency and transparency through policies formulated and agencies established to combat various forms of corruption in Nigeria. No doubt, this overwhelming recognition of corruption as a problem and the expressed commitment to control is, is an indicator that the acceptance of corruption as normal way of life in Nigeria is unacceptable. But in spite of governments' anti-corruption measures and incessant claim of "zero-tolerance" for corruption and several other anti-corruption measures of civil society advocacy groups. Nigerians and other keen watchers of unfolding activities in the polity are still agitating for enduring panacea to a menace which has constrained development of the national economy, and inhibited good governance with adverse effect on, trust and ethos of democracy in the country. To ordinary Nigerians, events before the recent democratic rule and preceding eras, have shown that the 'monster' called corruption has grown uncanny resistance to several efforts made to tackle it in the country; hence the urgent need for enduring panacea to the problem. Corroborating the broad consensus that corruption is a problem that requires crosscutting task to prevent its spread, this article examines definitional consideration of corruption, negative impacts of corruption on the populace, economy and finally recommended re-affirmation and strengthening of institution of the family (a bedrock or foundation on which other anti-corruption measures should rest) as a pathway towards corruption reduction in Nigeria.
HIV/AIDS Awareness as a Predictor of University Students' Dating Behaviour in South-Western Nigeria
(International Journal of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, 2012) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
Adolescents’ social relationships have the potential to enhance or impede the successful development of their heterosexual relationship, thus, the need to examine the relationship between HIV/AIDS awareness and dating behaviour among undergraduate students. The participants in the study were one thousand six hundred undergraduates (1600: M=800 and F=800) randomly selected from eight universities in South-western part of Nigeria, in the age range 16 to 30 years old. The AIDS Awareness/ Attitude Scale (AAS) and Dating Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) with emphasis on simple percentages, Multiple Regres sion Analysis, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results confirm that HIV/AIDS awareness account for a significant two percent (2%) variance in university students’ dating behaviour. The implication of the result for understanding the het erosexual behaviour of undergraduates and minimizing their indecent relationships were discussed and recommendations made accordingly.
Legislative Corruption and the Challenges of Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria.
(Applied Science Reports, 2016) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
he dawns of 20th and 21st centuries have brought considerable acceptance of democratic rule globally more than any other century. To many, democracy is seen as a reasonable yardstick to gauge citizens’ involvement in political activities and events within the polity. In modern society worldwide, democracy is regarded as a symbol of social civilization and progress. No wonder in recent times, citizens in countries in North Africa and in the Middle-East who had lived under oppressive dictatorships for decades are rising up to stake up their claim to democracy. However, in Nigeria in the past one decade, corruption in its various forms and contexts has emerged as one of the most widespread problem affecting the country’s nascent democracy and consequently stifles the much excitement that heralded the rebirth of democracy in Nigeria’s fourth republic. In the light of the foregoing, this study discusses extent of legislative corruption in Nigeria and its implications on broader good governance agenda. Set within the framework of democratic consolidation, the study argues that unabated legislative corruption may weaken the structure necessary for democratic consolidation in the country and consequently thwarts democracy and repress people.
Lessening the Burden of Alcohol Misuse in Nigeria: Policy Implementation Linkages and Dichotomy.
(Journal of Health and Social Issues (Department of sociology, Ekiti state University, 2019) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
The paper considers the levels and patterns of alcohol consumption in Nigeria. It juxtaposes this with the existing policy levers made so far to reduce levels of alcohol misuse in the country. This paper indicates that the absence of written National Policy (adopted/revised) and the National Action Plan in Nigeria deserve serious attention. It identifies the absence of National Policy as a key component missing in the efforts of the government towards achieving the reduction of alcohol-related harms. It concluded that Nigerian governments should consider strengthening national responses to public health issues caused by harmful alcohol users where necessary. The paper recommends amendment of the existing alcohol strategies/interventions in Nigeria, and canvasses full adoption of the global strategy on harmful use of alcohol that is based on evidence and best practices to protect at-risk populations and people affected by harmful drinking of others.
Political Corruption and Poverty in Nigeria
(African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2009) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
The rate of political corruption in Nigeria is progressively increasing with an upsurge in the number of cases where apparatus of government has become an instrument for the enrichment of members of political elites. From pre-independence era to date, political corruption and its attendant problems in forms of vote buying, election rigging and manipulation, outright embezzlement by politicians have negatively affected the lives of Nigerians. this has led to increased political apathy and distrust in the country's fledging democratic ideals. In view of the foregoing, the paper examines the extent of political corruption in Nigeria, with its implications on poverty eradication. Poverty eradication programme has not achieved desired results due to endemic political corruption. Therefore, to reduce poverty, immunities of politicians should be removed, law courts should be strengthened to adjudicate without fear and favour and public annual declaration of assets of political officeholders should be made compulsory.
Poverty Discourse in Nigeria: A Review of Causes, Consequences and Alleviation Strategies
(Legaltext Publishing Coy, Ikeja, Lagos., 2011) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
Worldwide, poverty is unarguably a key determining factor of underdevelopment. poverty is present everywhere in the world, though its magnitude, extent and severity differ from one society to another. it is regarded as a complicated social phenomenon because of the problem associated with ascertaining the causes of the problem. in spite of enormity of natural and material resources that the world is endowed with, m ore than half of the countries in the world are poor. official statistics in developed worlds like United States and United Kingdom in the 21st century show a rise in poverty although many were skeptical about this finding. Nigeria as a country is not free from the claws of poverty, like many other states in Africa, the country is still neck deep in the quagmire of poverty. The choice of highlighting factors influencing poverty in different societies of the world has been the subject of an extensive literature and a variety of measures have been proposed. in Nigeria, policies for poverty reduction have been severally enacted in the country, yet the problem is far from being over. In relation to the above, this paper re-examines causes, consequences and past poverty alleviation strategies adopted in Nigeria.
Psychoactive Substance Use, Sexual Harassment, and Self-Esteem Among Female Nigerian Undergraduates: Prevalence, Patterns, and Associations
(Int J High Risk Behav Addict., 2020) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
Background: Globally, psychoactive substance use (PSU) and sexual harassment of female undergraduates are strongly linked andregarded as major public health concerns. However, research efforts on these problems are yet to be given adequate attention in Nigeria. Objectives: This study examined the patterns and predictive influence of PSU on exposure to sexual harassment and the self-esteem of female undergraduates. Patients and Methods: Stratified sampling was used to select 500 female polytechnic undergraduates (mean age = 20.8), across four randomly selected departments, who responded to Sexual Experiences survey (SES), Substance Abuse Prevalence scale (SAPS), and Rosenberg Self- Esteem scale. Data collection took place in the school community within five days. Frequency counts were employed to analyze participants’ demographic characteristics, while multiple regression analysis was used to answer the research questions. Results: Reported patterns of sexual harassment were 62.8%, ranging from 7.4% rape to 39.2% sexual contact. 26.8% of the sexual harassment took place in the school environment with school mates and teachers as perpetrators. The prevalence of PSU was 73.4%. A significant positive correlation was observed between age and PSU, between age and sexual harassment, and between PSU and sexual harassment. PSU significantly predicted exposure to sexual harassment (R2 = 0.065, P = 0.005) but failed to predict self-esteem significantly (R2 = 0.028, P = 0.115). Conclusions: Our findings revealed the need to urgently curtail sexual harassment of students, considering the threats it poses to the Nigerian academic clime and its staggering cost to the current and future states of the Nigerian society at large.
Public Service in Nigeria: Perception of Young and Middle-aged Adults
(John Willey and Sons, 2021) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
The purpose of this study is to assess the perception of public service in Nigeria from the standpoint of young and middle-aged adults in Ibadan, Nigeria with a view to determining its performance and contribution to national development. Concurrent triangulation mixed methods research design was adopted in this study to collect primary data from young and middle-aged adults in Ibadan, Nigeria. Descriptive and inferential statistics described quantitative data and principal component analysis (PCA) extracted two factors. In addition, thematic content analysis was adopted to analyze qualitative research data. Findings showed that respondents had a negative perception of public service in Nigeria both in terms of its operation and reward. Job security was perceived positively but corruption/bad behavior in the public service was most perceived negatively. Also, final year undergraduates most perceive public service negatively and public paid workers least perceived public service negatively. Knowledge of this study will benefit Nigerians who render and enjoy public services, and will be most useful for the Nigerian public service to formulate policies that will prevent self-interested, inefficient, ineffective, and unproductive public service workforce. This study measures, for the first time, perception of Nigerian public service in terms of its operation and reward. Studies that will investigate the rationale behind young and middle-aged adults' negative perception of and high preference for careers in Nigerian public service are recommended. Also, improvement in service delivery and in the conditions of Nigerian public service will help in correcting the negative view.
Reform Option and Corruption Management in Nigeria
(Lapai Sociological Review, 2009) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
The paper underscores the fact that corruption in Nigeria has been universally acknowledged as a malaise that has assumed an alarming proportion. The authors attributed that corruption is a product of institutional failures and not an individual moral failures. In counteracting the menace frontally in Nigeria, the authors claimed that most of the anti-corruption measures of the government are yet provide the reliable and effective means necessary to manage corruption in the country. Consequently, the paper recommends that various governmental reforms (socio-economic, political and judicial) should be reinvigorated to enthrone good governance, accountability, and transparency to reduce the harmful and debilitating effects of corruption in the country.

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