Department of Behavioral Studies

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Alcohol Use among Nigerian University Students: Prevalence, Correlates and Frequency of Use
(2019) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
Background: Globally, alcohol use is responsible for 320 deaths every hour, and the impact is more among those in the younger age group. Despite the adverse health and social challenges associated with alcohol use, alcohol remains the most used and abused psychoactive substance among young adults. Our study aimed at determining the prevalence, correlates and frequency of alcohol use among young adults in two Nigerian universities. We further explored the role of family structure, family support and religion/religiosity on alcohol use in this study setting. Such findings could help to inform public health policy formulation in the country. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in two selected universities in the North Central region of Nigeria. The study was conducted among a final sample of 784 students selected using stratified random sampling. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on ever and current alcohol use and frequency of alcohol use between February and April 2018. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The level of ever and current use of alcohol was 43.5 and 31.1%, respectively. The mean frequency of alcohol use among the study participants was three days, but ten days among current alcohol users. In the adjusted model, male sex, age above 19 years, infrequent attendance of religious rituals, and belonging to rich/middle-class family were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of ever use and current use of alcohol, while living in the same household as one’s father was associated with lower odds of current and ever use of alcohol. Conclusion: There is a high rate of lifetime and current use of alcohol among university students in the study setting. Alcohol use was significantly associated with living with parents, religion and religiosity. Both high and low socioeconomic status were associated with alcohol use. There is a need to implement measures in controlling alcohol manufacturing and marketing as well as policies regulating alcohol outlets establishment around educational institutions as well as the working hours in such outlets. Finally, there is a need to organise interventions aimed at reducing this unhealthy social norm among students in this setting.
Alternatives to Imprisonment in Nigeria: A Sociological Reflection
(Direct Research Journal, 2017) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
This article extended research on the need for the Nigerian Criminal Justice System to fully embrace alternatives to imprisonment and use prison as a last resort. It seeks implementation of strategies that will use imprisonment as last option and also highlights what actors must do to ensure its success. The focus of the article is on how over reliance on imprisonment should be systematically reduced in the country so as to improve the delivery of justice and to integrate international human rights-based standards and norms into local policies and practices and at the same time reduce the prison population. To achieve the above, the article suggested the adoption of related and useful alternatives to imprisonment that may be considered when assessing the needs and demands of the country‘s criminal justice system. It recommends systematic implementation of alternatives at the stages of pre-trial, sentencing and also highlights the early release of sentenced prisoners.
Appraisal of Independent and Interdependent Problem-Solving Skills on Role-Based Performance of University Non-Academic Staff
(2018) Akinbobola, Olusola Iyabode
Appraisal of Role Conflict on Quality of Work Life and Turnover Intention among Corporate Women Workforce
(2016) Akinbobola, Olusola Iyabode
Appraisal of Role Facilitation on Work Engagement among Corporate Work Force
(2017) Akinbobola, Olusola Iyabode
Assessing the Influence of Self-Esteem and Emotional Intelligence on Psychopathological Symptoms among Trainee Christian Clerics
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2022-06) Akpunne, Bede
This study was carried out to observe the link between self-esteem, emotional intelligence (EQ) and psychopathology. A cross-sectional survey research de sign was adopted for the study. Purposive sampling techniques led to the se lection of 466 participants from Redeemed Christian College of Missions, Ede, Osun State and Redeemed Christian Bible College, Mowe Ogun State, Nigeria. The participants responded to Christian Ministers Psychopathologi cal Scale (CMPS), the Self Esteem Questionnaire (SEQ), and Schutte Self Re port Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT). The domains of self-esteem had a joint significant predictive influence on psychopathological symptoms among the participants [F (6, 465) = 6.142, p = .000]. Emotional intelligence (EQ) scores significantly predicted levels of psychopathological symptoms among the participants [F (6, 465) = 8.552, p = .004]. Self-esteem and emotional in telligence jointly and significantly predicted psychopathological symptoms among trainee ministers [F (6, 465) = 11.263, p = .000]. Further analysis showed that self-esteem has an independent predictive influence on psycho pathological symptoms (β = .183, p = .000). The authors recommend that pastors should pay attention to their mental health. Christian organisations need to create awareness of the benefits of healthy self-esteem and emotional intelligence among both intending and serving ministers to prevent triggers of psychopathologies.
Associations between Exposure to Domestic Violence, Depression and Cyberbullying among Secondary School Adolescents
(European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2020-07) Akpunne, Bede
Literatures on high prevalence of domestic violence are well documented. There is however paucity of research on exposure to domestic violence relates to cyber bullying behavior among Nigerian adolescents. The focus of this study was to determine the correlation between Exposure to Domestic Violence (EDV), depression and cyber bullying behavior among secondary school adolescents. A total of 300 purposively selected secondary school adolescents in Oshodi Isolo, Lagos metropolis Nigeria responded to Child Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale (CEDV), Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and Online Victimization Scale for Adolescents (OVSA). Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Data was analyzed using the descriptive (frequency count) and Inferential statistics (Pearson moment correlation analysis). A high prevalence of EDV, depression and involvement of cyber bullying was reported. Patterns of the factors of cyberbullying ranged from 26.7% individual online racial discrimination to 37% vicarious online racial discrimination. EDV significantly positively related to depression and involvement in cyber bullying. Significant gender influence was observed on depressing and cyber bullying. Age categories significantly influenced cyber bullying. Authors conclude that a high prevalence of depression and involvement in cyber bullying exists among secondary school adolescents. EDV is a significant positive correlate of depression and cyber bullying. There is gender difference on depression and cyber bullying. Age categories influence cyber bullying among the adolescents.
Associations Between Exposure to Domestic Violence, Depression and Cyberbullying among Secondary School Adolescents in Oshodi-Isolo Lagos.
(European Journal Medical and Health Sciences, 2020) Opadere, Ayodele
Literatures on high prevalence of domestic violence are well documented. There is however paucity of research on exposure to domestic violence relates to cyber bullying behavior among Nigerian adolescents. The focus of this study was to determine the correlation between Exposure to Domestic Violence (EDV), depression and cyber bullying behavior among secondary school adolescents. A total of 300 purposively selected secondary school adolescents in Oshodi Isolo Lagos metropolis responded to Child Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale (CEDV), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and Online Victimization Scale for Adolescents (OVSA). Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Data was analyzed using the descriptive (frequency count) and Inferential statistics (Pearson moment correlation analysis). A high prevalence of EDV, depression and involvement of cyber bulling was reported. Patterns of the factors of cyber bullying ranged from 26.7% individual online racial discrimination to 37% vicarious online racial discrimination. EDV significantly positively related with depression and involvement in cyber bullying. Significant gender influence was observed on depressing and cyber bullying. Age categories significantly influenced cyber bullying. Authors conclude that a high prevalence of depressing pmop involvement in cyber bullying exists among secondary school adolescents. EDV is a significant positive correlate of depression and cyber bullying. There is gender difference on depression and cyber bullying. Age categories influence cyber bullying among the adolescents.
Awareness and Willingness of Youths to Participate in Agriculture among Undergraduates in Southwest Nigeria
(IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020) Igbolekwu, Chisaa Onyekachi
Globally, youth participation in agriculture has been perceived as one of the vital keys for the revitalization of the economy of many countries. Several studies have focused on the different ways of encouraging youth participation in agriculture. However, little attention has been given to the awareness and the willingness of the youths to participate in agriculture. This study, therefore, examined, among other things the willingness of the youths to participate in agriculture especially among undergraduate. Functionalist theory was employed as the framework, while descriptive survey design was used. Structured questionnaire was administered on 200 students purposively selected from some private universities in Nigeria. The study revealed that majority (79.5%) of the respondents was aware of the need for youths to participate in agriculture. A majority (79.5%) of the undergraduates studied were not willing to participate in agriculture, (68.5%) of the respondents were also not willing to attend seminars to encourage youth participation in agriculture. Agriculture makes one dirty (50.5%) accounted for the major reason for the unwillingness of the undergraduates to participate in agriculture followed by laziness (25.0%). There is a need to reorient Nigerian undergraduates and the youths in general on the importance of their participation in agriculture.
“Baranda”: Structure and Praxis of “Onibaranda” (micro-middlemen) in Yorubaland
(Qualitative Market Research: Emerald Insight, 2020) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
Purpose – This study aims to investigate the historical antecedent of baranda practice, marketing strategies of Onibaranda, as well as the benefits and challenges associated with baranda practice. Design/methodology/approach – Using exploratory research design, primary data were collected from 27 interviewees in two purposively selected markets in Ibadan. Responses were audio-taped, transcribed, proofread, categorized into themes and, finally, content analyzed to decrypt the underlying thought patterns and processes. Findings – The findings showed that the origin of the age-long practice of baranda was unknown. It was also discovered that Onibaranda used various, dynamic and situational marketing strategies to carve a niche for themselves, in response to the demand of the markets in which they operate. Lastly, the results showed that while some stakeholders see Onibaranda as useful and necessary marketing agents that uniquely connect sellers and buyers, others outline the ignoble role that Onibaranda play in their bid to create valuable exchanges between sellers and buyers. Practical implications – Knowledge of this study is germane to informal market stakeholders both in Yorubaland and across the globe. Social implications – Unless baranda practice is properly regulated, various ills associated with it might discredit the numerous benefits inherent in the practice. Concerted effort by all market stakeholders is, therefore, highly imperative so as to provide rules and regulations that will guide and check the excess practices of Onibaranda in the study locations, as this will enhance customer satisfaction, sellers’ profits and smooth continued operation of Onibaranda. Originality/value – This empirical study represents the first attempt to examine the structure and praxis of Onibaranda in Ibadan.
Behavioural Intention and Perception of Ethnic Groups among National Youth Service Corp Members in Nigeria
(2017) Akinbobola, Olusola Iyabode
Bio-Social Characteristics and Coping Ability Predicting Perceived Job Demand among Employees of Telecommunication Companies
(African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2016) Olusa, Abayomi Olubanjo
This study thus considered bio-social characteristics and coping ability as factors predicting perceived job demand among employees of telecommunication companies. An ex-post facto research design was used with 246 employees (male=118; female=128) that were selected using purposeful random sampling techniques. The participants age ranged between 23 and 65 (Mean=37.78; SD=10.27) and they responded to validated instrument measuring coping ability (α=.93) and perceived job demand (α=.72). Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the formulated hypotheses. The results went contrary to the hypotheses such that perceived job demand increases with increase in coping ability (β=.29, p <.01). Among the bio-social characteristics, only educational qualification influenced perceived job demand such that higher qualification implies higher perceived job demand (β=.69, p <.01). This implies that employees with higher skills, potentials and ability to cope with the job are those that are likely to experience more responsibilities via promotions, increased task commitment and entrusted with managerial roles such that triggers their job demands. Thus it was recommended that employees with these itemized qualities should be motivated in their job functioning with necessary resources to continually function effectively.
Burden of Care, Social Support and Psycho-Pathological Symptoms among Caregivers of Children with Psychological Disorders
(International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Research, 2020-02) Akpunne, Bede
The 2016 WHO statistics show that the African region still bore the highest burden of care reporting 587 Disability Adjustable Life Years (DALYs) per 1000 population. The burden of caring for individuals with mental illness is high globally, more so when there is no commensurate social support for the caregivers. There is a crevice of literature from Nigerian studies on the link between burden of care, social support and psychopathological symptoms. This study observed the influence of burden of care and social support on psychopathological symptoms among caregivers of children living with psychological disorders using Yaba Neuropsychiatric hospital Lagos Nigeria. A total of 309 participants (mean age = 41.2 years) were purposively selected during clinic appointment days and responded to Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Multidimensional Scale of Social Support (MSPSS) and Awaritefe Psychological Index (API Form X). Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that Burden of care and social support were significant joint predictors of Insomnia (R²=.058, p= .000),intellect disorder (R²=.020, p= . 048), heat disorder (R²=.028, p= . 017), mood disorder (R²=.148, p= . 000), head region disorder (R²=.103, p= .000), general somatic disorder (R²=.051, p= . 000) and general psychopathology (R²=.115, p= . 000). Burden of care and social support had significant independent predictions on insomnia, mood disorder, general somatic disorder and general psychopathology while only burden of care significantly predicted heat disorder, and head region disorder among the caregivers.
Challenges Encountered by Urban Women Farmers in their Agricultural Activities
(Agricultural Extension Journal, 2019-09) Olufemi, Damilola
The roles of women in agricultural production, particularly in food production and processing are very germane. Despite this fact, women are often faced with severe constraints that affect their agricultural productivity. This study examined the challenges facing urban women farmers in Lagos Metropolis. A total of 255 urban women farmers were sampled from three different locations with the metropolis. Focus group discussions and in-depth interview were organized to further elicit information on the subject matter. Using the grand mean score, the study revealed that the most severe challenges faced by the women farmers in their urban agricultural activities are access to credit facilities, access to land and access to adequate input, respectively.
Challenges of African Traditional Healing System: Implication for the Development of Indigenous Psychotherapy
(International Journal for Psychotherapy in Africa, 2018) Akpunne, Bede
Traditional medicine is the sum total of knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures that are used to maintain health, as well as to prevent, diagnose, improve or treat physical and mental illnesses. This paper explores the challenges of African traditional healing system and the implications for the development of indigenous psychotherapy. Previous studies show that about 80% of the population in Asian, African and some developed countries depend on traditional medicine for primary health care. Rate of acceptability, use, confidence in and efficacy of traditional healing system is increasing in Nigeria. Some indigenous traditional healing methods include herbalism, therapeutic dieting, and hydrotherapy and spirituality (divination). Notable challenges include international diversity, national policy and regulation, perceived safety, effectiveness and quality, knowledge and sustainability, patient safety and use. This study recommends that more research be carried out on African traditional healing, that the religious and metaphysical elements be separated from the physical matter, commitment of more resources to test and promote the use of safe and efficacious traditional medicines, practicing traditional healers should adhere to standardized norms and qualifications. There is need for speedy passing of the traditional health practitioners’ bill.
Classroom Size as a Predictor of Bullying Behaviour among Secondary School Adolescents in Nigeria
(Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 2019) Akpunne, Bede
Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the patterns of bullying behaviour among Nigerian secondary school adolescents and to ascertain the link between classroom size and bullying in selected Senior Secondary Schools in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey design. Place of Study: Redeemer’s University Osun State, South Western Nigeria. Methodology: Multistage sampling technique was adopted in this study. Random sampling technique was used to select Obafemi / Owode Local Government Area (LGA) from Ogun central senatorial district, four Senior Secondary Schools (SSS) from the LGA and 397 students. Participants responded to School Congestion Questionnaire (SCQ) and Adolescent Peer Relation Instrument: Bully/Target (APRI-BT). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis Results: Observed prevalence rates included verbal bullying (42.5%), social bullying (42.3%), physical bullying (37.9%) and overall bullying behaviour (44.8%). Class Size (CS) independently and significantly predicted the severities of verbal bullying (R² = .029, p = .001); social bullying (R² = .055, p = .000); physical bullying (R² = .042, p = .000) and overall bullying behaviour (R² = .042, p = .000) among the sample. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of bullying behaviour among Nigerian secondary school adolescents. Classroom size is a significant predictor of the individual factors of bullying behaviour (verbal bullying, social bullying, and physical bullying) as well as the composite of bullying behaviour among Senior Secondary School students in Nigeria.
Classroom Size as a Predictor of Bullying Behaviour among Secondary School Adolescents in Nigeria
(Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 2019) Alo, Folake Sekinot
Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the patterns of bullying behaviour among Nigerian secondary school adolescents and to ascertain the link between classroom size and bullying in selected Senior Secondary Schools in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey design. Place of Study: Redeemer’s University Osun State, South Western Nigeria. Methodology: Multistage sampling technique was adopted in this study. Random sampling technique was used to select Obafemi / Owode Local Government Area (LGA) from Ogun central senatorial district, four Senior Secondary Schools (SSS) from the LGA and 397 students. Participants responded to School Congestion Questionnaire (SCQ) and Adolescent Peer Relation Instrument: Bully/Target (APRI-BT). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis Results: Observed prevalence rates included verbal bullying (42.5%), social bullying (42.3%), physical bullying (37.9%) and overall bullying behaviour (44.8%). Class Size (CS) independently and significantly predicted the severities of verbal bullying (R² = .029, p = .001); social bullying (R² = .055, p = .000); physical bullying (R² = .042, p = .000) and overall bullying behaviour (R² = .042, p = .000) among the sample. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of bullying behaviour among Nigerian secondary school adolescents. Classroom size is a significant predictor of the individual factors of bullying behaviour (verbal bullying, social bullying, and physical bullying) as well as the composite of bullying behaviour among Senior Secondary School students in Nigeria.
Climate Change and Food Security in the Nigeria's Niger Delta
(Ilorin Journal of Sociology, 2011) Olajire, Oluyinka Olutola
This paper examines climate change and food security in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. the study focused on the Niger Delta because of the peculiarity of the region in the area of oil exploration related activities. causing emission of green house gases. The study provides background information on the interrelationship between climate change and food security in Niger Delta of Nigeria, and ways to deal with the new threat. It also highlighted the way forward for the agriculture sector in the area, as well as describing how all stakeholders can contribute to reduce the climate challenge and ensure sustainable food production in the area.
Community Participation: A Pragmatic Solution to Negative Impacts of COVID-19 on Household's Socioeconomic Lives.
(Insight into Regional Development, 2021-12-30) Okunola, John Lola
The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 and its impacts have become an academic concern. The concern has generated a plethora of studies and reports that have identified a number of negative impacts of COVID-19 on household socioeconomic lives in Nigeria. Therefore, Nigerian governments at different levels in conjunction with several international organisations have tried to deal with these impacts; however, the expected result is far below the reality. Advocacy of adopting bottom-top approaches to solving various community problems and the grand relevance of Community-Based Organisations (CBOs), as a form of community participation, prompted this study. The specific objective of the study was to investigate the roles of CBOs in complementing the governments’ efforts to alleviate the negative impacts on household socioeconomic lives. The location of the study was Ife-East Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria where there existed a number of various CBOs as in other part of the country. The study was cross-sectional and exploratory in nature while a qualitative method, in-depth face-to-face interview, was employed to collect the primary data for this study. The study covered all the 10 electoral wards that exist in the study location. Via purposive sampling method, 5 CBOs were selected in each of the 10 wards, making a total size of 50 CBOs. To obtain the primary data, 2 CBO leaders (a man and a woman) and 4 CBO members (2 men and 2 women) among the 5 selected CBOs in each of the wards were purposively selected, making a total sample size of 60 from all the electoral wards for the in-depths face-to-face interview. Both thematic and contents analyses were utilized to analyze the collected data. The study found that the CBOs rendered economic support in forms of pooling resources together for fund provision, purchasing goods in large quantities at lower prices, creating platforms to attract loans, assistance and to invite experts for empowerment programmes for their members. The study further found that the CBO members benefited social support in form of provision of platforms to share their experiences, to boost members’ morale to avert psychological challenges that tended to generate committing suicide and to invite medical experts on sensitization programmes about COVID-19 and its effects. As this study solely focused on ways that several aspects of households’ socioeconomic lives were shielded from the negative impacts of the pandemic through community participation via various CBOs, this study solicited future studies that shall focus mainly on the challenges that the CBOs encounter in realizing this goal and the means of coping with the highlighted challenges.
Community Participation: A Pragmatic Solution to Negative Impacts of Covid-19 on Households’ Socioeconomic Lives
(Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center (http://jssidoi.org/esc/home), 2021-12-31) Fakunle, Sunday
The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 and its impacts have become an academic concern. The concern has generated a plethora of studies and reports that have identified a number of negative impacts of COVID-19 on household socioeconomic lives in Nigeria. Therefore, Nigerian governments at different levels in conjunction with several international organisations have tried to deal with these impacts; however, the expected result is far below the reality. Advocacy of adopting bottom-top approaches to solving various community problems and the grand relevance of Community-Based Organisations (CBOs), as a form of community participation, prompted this study. The specific objective of the study was to investigate the roles of CBOs in complementing the governments’ efforts to alleviate the negative impacts on household socioeconomic lives. The location of the study was Ife-East Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria where there existed a number of various CBOs as in other part of the country. The study was cross-sectional and exploratory in nature while a qualitative method, in-depth face-to-face interview, was employed to collect the primary data for this study. The study covered all the 10 electoral wards that exist in the study location. Via purposive sampling method, 5 CBOs were selected in each of the 10 wards, making a total size of 50 CBOs. To obtain the primary data, 2 CBO leaders (a man and a woman) and 4 CBO members (2 men and 2 women) among the 5 selected CBOs in each of the wards were purposively selected, making a total sample size of 60 from all the electoral wards for the in-depths face-to-face interview. Both thematic and contents analyses were utilized to analyze the collected data. The study found that the CBOs rendered economic support in forms of pooling resources together for fund provision, purchasing goods in large quantities at lower prices, creating platforms to attract loans, assistance and to invite experts for empowerment programmes for their members. The study further found that the CBO members benefited social support in form of provision of platforms to share their experiences, to boost members’ morale to avert psychological challenges that tended to generate committing suicide and to invite medical experts on sensitization programmes about COVID-19 and its effects. As this study solely focused on ways that several aspects of households’ socioeconomic lives were shielded from the negative impacts of the pandemic through community participation via various CBOs, this study solicited future studies that shall focus mainly on the challenges that the CBOs encounter in realizing this goal and the means of coping with the highlighted challenges.

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