Department of Anatomy
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- ItemIncreased mucous cell population and modulation of Bax/Bcl-2 factors characterize in vivo gastroprotective activity of Cissampelos owariensis in rats(European Journal of Anatomy, 2024) Olatomide D. OluwasegunThe physiological integrity of the gastric muco sa is dependent on the balance between the mu cosal protective and aggressive factors. Medicinal plants or their derivatives generally exhibit gas troprotective effect by promoting the protective factors against the aggressive factors of the gastric mucosa. The study was conducted to elucidate the gastroprotective mechanism of the methanol ex tract of C. owariensis (MECo) in rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, which include control groups A and B – given distilled water – and treated groups C and D – animals giv en 100 and 300 mg/kg MECo respectively for 28 days. After the treatment period, gastric mucosal injury was induced for groups B-D by pyloric li gation method. The gastric tissue of animals was collected, processed for histology (haematoxylin and eosin technique), histochemistry (periodic acid-schiff technique) and immunohistochemical staining (for Bcl-2 & Bax proteins). The results of the gastric histomorphology showed prominent and widespread mucosal erosion in positive con Corresponding author: Dr. Dayo Rotimi Omotoso. Department of Human Anatomy, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Nigeria. Phone: +2348034779886. E-mail: dayohmts@ gmail.com trol group B compared to normal control group A, while treated groups C and D showed only mild or focal mucosal erosion. Furthermore, the his tochemical results showed significant increase in mucous cell population in treated groups C and D compared to positive control group B. The immu nostaining results showed significant up-regula tion of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and down-reg ulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein in the treated groups C and D compared to the control groups A and B. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that the increased mucous cell popula tion and modulation of apoptotic signaling high lights the mechanism of gastroprotective activity of MECo.
- ItemGross and Histo-Morphological Study of Anti-Ulcerogenic Effects of Cissampelos owariensis (P. Beauv.) Methanolic Extract in Wistar Rats(Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2019-11-12) Olatomide D. OluwasegunCissampelos owariensis is a tropical medicinal plant widely applied for diverse therapeutic uses such as the treatment of circulatory, reproductive and gastrointestinal conditions. In this study, the gastroprotective activity of methanolic leaf extracts of C. owariensis against prolonged exposure to acidic gastric acid was assessed in male Wistar rats. This study involved 25 male Wistar rats (180-200 g) divided into five groups (n=5) A-E. Groups A and B were used as normal and test controls given distilled water while groups C-E were respectively administered with methanolic extracts of C. owariensis at dosage of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively. The mode of administration was oral and study period was 21 days. Afterward, gastric mucosal injury was induced in groups B-E animals via pyloric ligation method. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of gastric tissues were done to ascertain the degrees of gastric mucosal protection or erosion using gross photographic and histological staining techniques. The gross appearance of internal aspect of gastric tissues showed mildly eroded mucosal surface in treated groups B-D but intense erosion was observed in test control group E. Consequently, the ulcer index moderately increased in treated groups but significantly increased (p<0.01) in test control group E. Similarly for histological results, the treated groups B-D showed mild or focal mucosal surface erosion compared to intense erosion observed in test control group E. This study thereby indicated that prior treatment with methanolic extracts of C. owariensis can stimulate anti-ulcer effects against gastric mucosal offensive factor such as acidic gastric secretions. This anti-ulcerogenic effect of methanolic extracts of C. owariensis can be associated with the anti-oxidant properties of its constituent phytochemical compounds
- ItemDesigning a multi-epitope vaccine against the Lassa virus through reverse vaccinology, subtractive proteomics, and immunoinformatics approaches(Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 2021-08-08) Olatomide D. OluwasegunLassa virus, an arenavirus, represents the most prevalent human pathogen causing viral hemorrhagic fever. It is endemic in Nigeria and other West African countries. Despite the high burden of the disease, limited treatments are available and no approved vaccine for the prevention of this disease is available. In this study, an immunoinformatics and reverse vaccinology pipeline was employed to predict a multi-epitope vaccine. Four fundamental virulent and proteogenic proteins (glycoprotein precursor, Viral matrix protein, viral RNA polymerase, and Nucleoprotein) were identified. Using various immunoinformatics tools, 12 CTL, 14 HTL, and six B-cell epitopes were predicted and connected via suitable linkers, together with an adjuvant to develop a 602 amino acids long vaccine construct (VC). The VC was assessed to be non-allergenic, non-toxic, stable, soluble, and highly antigenic. Molecular docking of VC with RIG-I, major histocompatibility complex class I and class II were carried out to validate the interactions with the receptors. The complex of VC-RIG-I was subjected to a dynamic stability test and the RMDS and RMSF results suggest that the complex is stable. Validation of the final vaccine construct was done through in silico cloning using E. coli as a host. A CAI value of 0.99 suggests that the vaccine construct expressed properly in the host. The immune simulation predicted significantly high levels of IgG1, T-helper, T-cytotoxic cells, INF-γ, and IL-2. This rigorous computational study suggests infection control by creating an effective immunological memory against Lassa virus infections. However, both in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to validate the potential of the proposed vaccine.
- ItemIn silico design and analyses of a multi‑epitope vaccine against Crimean‑Congo hemorrhagic fever virus through reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approaches(Scientific Reports, 2022-05-24) Olatomide D. OluwasegunCrimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFV) is a deadly human pathogen that causes an emerging zoonotic disease with a broad geographic spread, especially in Africa, Asia, and Europe, and the second most common viral hemorrhagic fever and widely transmitted tick‑borne viral disease. Following infection, the patients are presented with a variety of clinical manifestations and a fatality rate of 40%. Despite the high fatality rate, there are unmet clinical interventions, as no antiviral drugs or vaccines for CCHF have been approved. Immunoinformatics pipeline and reverse vaccinology were used in this study to design a multi‑epitope vaccine that may elicit a protective humoral and cellular immune response against Crimean‑Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection. Three essential virulent and antigenic proteins (S, M, and L) were used to predict seven CTL and 18 HTL epitopes that were non‑allergenic, antigenic, IFN‑γ inducing, and non‑toxic. The epitopes were connected using linkers and 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 was used as an adjuvant and raised a multi‑epitope vaccine (MEV) that is 567 amino acids long. Molecular docking and simulation of the predicted 3D structure of the MEV with the toll‑like (TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4) receptors and major histocompatibility complex (MCH‑I and MCH‑II) indicate high interactions and stability of the complexes, MM‑GBSA free binding energy calculation revealed a favourable protein–protein complex. Maximum MEV expression was achieved with a CAI value of 0.98 through in silico cloning in the Drosophila melanogaster host. According to the immune simulation, IgG1, T‑helper cells, T‑cytotoxic cells, INF‑γ, and IL‑2 were predicted to be significantly elevated. These robust computational analyses demonstrated that the proposed MEV is effective in preventing CCHFV infections. However, it is still necessary to conduct both in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate the potential of the vaccine
- ItemNephroprotective Effect of Cissampelos owariensis Extract on Renal Histomorphology of Wistar Rats during Exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride- induced Nephropathy(Asian Journal of Biology, 2019) Olatomide D. OluwasegunTo assess nephroprotective potency of methanolic extract of C. owariensis on renal histomorphology of Wistar rats during exposure to nephropathic activity of CCl4. Twenty eight (28) albino Wistar rats divided into four groups which include normal control group administered with vehicles-distilled water (1 ml/kg bw) and olive oil (3 ml/kg bw), experimental control group administered with CCl4 (3 ml/kg bw) twice a week, first treatment group administered with CCl4 (3 ml/kg bw) twice a week+ methanolic extract of C. owariensis (100 mg/kg bw) daily and second treatment group administered with CCl4 (3 ml/kg bw) twice a week+ methanolic extract of C. owariensis (300 mg/kg bw) daily for twenty eight (28) days. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of C. owariensis was carried out using GC-MS. The body weight of study animals was measure at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of study. Then, kidney tissue of study animals was collected, weighed and processed for histopathological study. Tissue sections were stained using H & E, examined under microscope, photomicrographs were generated and observable histopathological changes were quantified using image-J software. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of C. owariensis showed abundance of phenolic compounds which may in turn confer antioxidant property on the extract. Results of this study also showed that treatment with extract helped to reduce body and tissue weight loss that follows exposure to CCl4. Also, treatment with the extract helped to reduce significantly (p < 0.05) renal histopathological changes following exposure to CCl4. The methanolic extract of C. owariensis contains abundant phenolic compounds which confer antioxidant property that in turn mediate the nephroprotective potency of the extract against nephropathic effect of CCl4.