Faculty of Social Sciences

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Abundance of Birds in Six Selected Habitats
(2017) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
Bird species world over are faced with the problem of habitat changes. Conservation of birds in fragments of habitats is increasingly important due to the diverse uses of the environment. To meet this challenge, predicting abundance of bird species in relation to specific vegetation taxa in the habitats is required .This study determined bird species abundance and their relationship with habitat variables of tree, shrub and herb abundance. Study conducted in the forested bitumen belt of Ode-Irele, Ondo state, Nigeria evaluated habitat use by birds using 20- minutes birds point count to a radius of 30 meters, carried out in six selected habitats. The vegetation cover was sampled using 5x5-meters and 1m2quadrants. Data collected were subjected to t-test of independent variables with LSD in ANOVA for birds’ use of habitats and linear regression for the dependence of birds’ abundance on habitats’ variables.88 bird species belonging to 31 families were associated with the study area. The abundance of birds was significantly affected by habitat types (P<0.05) and predicted by habitat variables. The study would assist decision makers in the management and conservation of habitats’ variables critical to the survival of bird species during the bitumen development phase.
Assessing The Use of E-Commerce in Heritage Tourism Marketing: Case of National Theatre And National Musuem, Lagos, Nigeria
(2019) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
The increased commercialization of tourism through E-commerce is now being used to attract and serve relevant target groups. Because of the competitive challenges in today’s tourism business, heritage tourism and E-commerce have to work together in order to make the industry stand the test of time. Study was conducted in National Theatre (NT) and National Museum (NM), Lagos Nigeria to evaluate the use of E-commerce by the two destinations. Data were analysed using qualitative descriptive analysis, One-way Analysis Of Variance, and multivariable linear regressions. Results of the study showed that 96.6% of the respondents in NT and 96.4% in NM agreed that the use of internet established interactive relationship between customers. In NT, 96.7% of the respondents agreed that it is possible to book online packages using E-commerce, while 99.3% agreed to this in Nm. In NT, five constructs out of eleven were significant in enhancing the use of E-commerce in the destination, while none was significant for NM. The overall strengths of relationship between educational statuses of tourists were weak in predicting efficient use of e-commerce for both destinations. However, NM was able to better predict the efficient use of e-commerce than NT. The F-test overall showed that the relationships between educational status and efficient use of e-commerce in NT and NM were not statistically significant. The result of multivariable linear regressions further showed that for the two destinations, the educational status of tourists predicted that the use of e-commerce was not efficient in the marketing of their tourism products and services. The managements of NT and NM, and by extension all other heritage attractions should therefore fashion out strategies on the adoption and efficient use of e-commerce in marketing their institutions in order to enhance service delivery, improve efficiency, maximize and maintain long-term profitability.
Assessment of Community Participation in Ecotourism and Conservation at Hhuhuwe-Umfolozi Park, South Africa
(2013) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
Community involvement emerges as a key element of both sustainable tourism and ecotourism and is generally agreed to include public participation in decision-making and residents’ receipt of benefits from tourism. HUP communities have suffered a great neglect economically in the past and it’s the most impoverished region in KZN. This study aimed at evaluating the participation of community residents in ecotourism and conservation activities at HUP; review benefits received by residents from park and determine the existence of conflicts between residents and park management. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used for the selection of respondents. Structured questionnaire containing a 5-point likert scale were used to measure issues relating to the objectives of the study. Many respondents indicated that active participation between community residents and park management. Ecotourism and conservation projects are largely determined by the park system as residents are yet to be fully integrated into the planning process. Major cause of conflict is restriction of residents from access to wildlife resources in the park. The park system needs to improve her relationship with communities.
Assessment of Community Participation in Ecotourism and Conservation at Hhuhuwe-Umfolozi Park, South Africa
(2013) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
Community involvement emerges as a key element of both sustainable tourism and ecotourism and is generally agreed to include public participation in decision-making and residents’ receipt of benefits from tourism. HUP communities have suffered a great neglect economically in the past and it’s the most impoverished region in KZN. This study aimed at evaluating the participation of community residents in ecotourism and conservation activities at HUP; review benefits received by residents from park and determine the existence of conflicts between residents and park management. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used for the selection of respondents. Structured questionnaire containing a 5-point likert scale were used to measure issues relating to the objectives of the study. Many respondents indicated that active participation between community residents and park management. Ecotourism and conservation projects are largely determined by the park system as residents are yet to be fully integrated into the planning process. Major cause of conflict is restriction of residents from access to wildlife resources in the park. The park system needs to improve her relationship with communities.
Assessment of Destination Competitiveness and Efficiency of Public and Private Services at Lekki Beach, Lagos, Nigeria
(2019) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
The intention of many tourists to purchase tourism products driven by Information and Communication Technology and friendly attitude of public workers determine the competitiveness of tourism destinations across the globe. The study evaluates the competitiveness of public and private services as they influence beach tourism consumer behavior. Tourists numbering two hundred and forty-four were sampled by convenience technique while structured questionnaire was used to gather relevant information. Data were analysed through inferential statistical techniques such as one way ANOVA, Multi Linear Regression and Principal Component Regression. Results showed that telecommunication and information technology services were significantly effective in enhancing beach tourism destination competitiveness. Prediction of efficiency of public and private services with educational status at tolerance limit of 0.521 was found to be fit. The overall strength of the relationship was strong and acceptable (R = 0.695). The results of ANOVA and Principal Component Regression of 20 out of 22 constructs on efficiency of public and private services further confirmed the strength of relationship. It was recommended that for beach tourism to flourish, destination managers must embrace the use of Information and Communication Technology, and e-commerce in selling their products, while officials in charge of public services should have attitudinal changes towards visitors especially those coming from other countries.
An Assessment of Destination Image and Factors Responsible for Perceived Customer Value of Osun Osogbo Grove, World Heritage Site, Osun State, Nigeria
(2019) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
Tourist travel decisions and behavior are influenced by destination image and value of experience to tourists. Perceived value is one of the important tools for securing a competitive edge in tourism destinations. This study investigates destination image competitiveness, factors enhancing the destination image and perceived value for tourists’ experience for the Osun Oshogbo Grove, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty respondents were sampled with the use of a structured questionnaire. Five factors comprising of 63 variables were used to determine the destination image competitiveness using principal component analysis, while multiple regressions were used to evaluate the perceived value for tourists at the grove. Results revealed that 11 out of the 12 variables determining the destination image competitiveness were significant in attracting tourists to the grove. The regression analysis result showed that all factors predicting tourists’ value of experience are strong (R= 0.936). The variance of destination common service, entertainment and event satisfaction, travel environment satisfaction, and spiritual satisfaction all contributed strongly to the tourists’ value of experience (87.70%) with significance (p < 0.05). Factors of heritage resources, destination environment, entertainment, and culture, as well as price and value with high alpha value contributed greatly to adding value to enhancing destination and tourists’ experience. Eleven variables positively and significantly predicted tourist value. The recommendation therefore is that managers of the Osun World Heritage Site should maintain these variables as well as event experience, entertainment, and environment cleanliness as they are critical to adding values to tourists’ experience.
Bitumen Seepage: Impact and Interaction on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Surface Water
(2019) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
The association and interaction among metals in bitumen polluted water may affect the availability of the metals even at toxic levels to the surrounding environment and biota that are dependent on such water. The study was carried out at Ode-Irele in Ondo State bitumen belt, Southwest of Nigeria, where there are bitumen seepages, and Ebute-Irele where there are no records of seepages served as control. Composite samples of surface water were collected to a depth of 30cm midstream on the sites. Heavy metals – Manganese, Iron, copper, zinc, lead, chromium, cadmium, nickel, vanadium, arsenic, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium were determined using standard methods. Data on metals’ concentrations were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test at p < 0.05. The associations that exist among metals of surface water were analysed using regressive correlation to determine which metal increased or decreased with rise and fall in the level of other metals. Values obtained were compared with Federal Environmental Protection (FEPA) and World Health Organisation (WHO) Guidelines. Results of the study revealed that nickel, calcium, magnesium, and sodium were higher in seepage site than that of control, but, nickel was significantly higher in surface water of seepage site, 0.40 ± 0.00mgL-1 than that of control, 0.30 ± 0.00mgL-1. Manganese, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, cadmium, nickel, vanadium, and arsenic, as well as calcium were higher than guideline levels. Nickel, iron, manganese, vanadium, calcium and sodium which are elemental components of bitumen could pose serious environmental problems. There were significant positive associations between iron and copper, manganese and vanadium, iron and sodium, calcium and magnesium, as well as between magnesium and sodium. The finding also revealed significant negative association between lead and zinc. The heavy metals in surface water that were higher in seepage site and higher than guideline values in Ondo State bitumen belt and especially those that are elemental components of bitumen could have toxic effects on the environment, and so they should be closely monitored during the bitumen development phase.
Correlate of Transport and Tourism Infrastructural Development in Nigeria
(2019) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
This paper examined the relationship between transport and tourism with a view to understand their effects on infrastructure developments in Nigeria. Secondly, it assessed the travel demand against some selected tourism sites based on the available tourism infrastructures. Lastly, it identified some of the factors influencing both tourism and transport infrastructure developments in Nigeria. Primary and secondary data were collected from the selected tourist sites and transport terminals which were subsequently analyzed. Results indicated that, there are strong relationships between transport and tourism and the presence of one causes the other‟s infrastructures development. R2 value of 60.4% revealed the contributions of combined identified variables to the development of tourism infrastructure development vis-à-vis reasons for travel demand by the tourists. Five major components were extracted among eleven factors considered to be responsible for the development of transport infrastructure in Nigeria with Factor Analysis. The research concluded that, the country should promote tourism as another source of economic booster with the development of transport infrastructures and vice-visa.
Edu-Tourism Destination Selection Process in an Emerging Economy
(2019) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
International Edu-tourists seeking university education outside of their countries of origin was 4.1 million in 2010 and the figure is forecasted to hit 7.2 million by the year 2020, thus creating a market value worth US$342billion. Exporting university education services contributed US$6.6billion to Malaysia‟s Gross National Income (GNI) in 2009. Malaysia plans to earn US$14.67 billion yearly from 2020, including, creating 536,000 jobs. This highlights the importance of international Edu-tourists for Malaysian Edu-tourism industry promotion. Explaining the stages international Edu tourists go through to select Malaysia as their preferred Edu-tourism destination, including validating factors that contribute to this tourist travel decision form the basis of this study. The study is based on the push-pull theory and 500 international Edu tourists in 13 Malaysian universities were sampled. Results of confirmatory factor analysis revealed that Edu-tourists‟ socio-cultural factors, the quest for career development, and economy status of their country of origin all contributed to Edu tourists‟ decision to study abroad. The socio-cultural and economic factors of Malaysia attract Edu-tourists to Malaysia, while the institutional and internationalisation attributes of Malaysian universities encourage them to choose these universities. It is suggested that tourism operators in Malaysia make the most of the attractive socio economic environment in Malaysia for the effective positioning strategy of Malaysia in the global Edu-tourism market. Edu-tourism destination marketing strategies should be designed for Malaysia, using her socio-economic attributes. The reputation of Malaysian universities as essential Edu-tourism assets should be promoted to develop the Malaysian tourism industry. Tourism destinations in Malaysia should encourage social interaction between Edu-tourists and host destinations.
Evaluation of Factors Enhancing Effectiveness of Destination Management of Nature Based Tourism, Lagos, Nigeria
(2019) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
Effective destination management is pertinent in differentiating a particular nature based tourism destination. Structured questionnaire was used to gather data from staff and tourists to Lekki Conservation Centre (LCC) and Lufasi Nature Park (LNP), both in Lagos. Structured questionnaires were employed to address effectiveness of destination management from staff and responsiveness of tourism destination to tourists needs from tourists. Data were analysed using multiple regression analysis and ANOVA to predict the efficiency of destination management. Test of homogeneity of variance using Levene’s test was carried out to test the null hypothesis that variance was equal across variables in the responsiveness of destinations to tourists’ needs. Results of the study revealed that 55.7% tourists had secondary education in LCC, while in LNP 68.1% had tertiary education. LCC has a greater percentage of the response variable (R2 = 0.622) in predicting the effectiveness of destination management by the educational statuses of staff than in LNP. In predicting the responsiveness of destination to tourists’ needs using the educational statuses of tourists, LNP has a greater percentage of the response variable (R2 = 0.255). Effectiveness of management of nature based tourism destination is a vital tool in improving the quality of service for competitive edge.
Evaluation of Habitat Management as a Tool for Wildlife Conservation in Ode-Irele, Ondo State, Nigeria
(2017) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
Forest loss may infringe on the capacity of the forest ecosystem to carry out its numerous environmental services. This study was conducted in the forested belt of Ode-Irele, Ondo state, Nigeria. Two staged sampling technique was adopted with enumeration area being the first stage and households were the second stage. Two thousand copies of questionnaires were randomly administered to households in ten enumeration areas. Univariate analysis of variance was carried out on the respondents' level of agreement on the sensitivity of wildlife to environmental disturbance. Results showed that urban arboreta as homes for wildlife were the most sensitive. Majority (91%) of the respondents agreed that the use of chemicals kills important wild animals. All respondents agreed that forest reserves helped in protecting wild animal population, while 82% agreed that leaving forest next to another forest helps to increase total home for wild animals. Majority (91%) agreed that leaving forest on the bank of a river helped to increase total home for wild animals. Also, 82% and 85% of the respondents respectively approved of managing forest for carbon breakdown, and protection of water catchment areas. Majority (93%) approved of preservation of natural scenic beauty, particularly for tourism, as 84% approved that entrance fees should be paid for admission into private lands for collection of information. Rewards encourages involvement in sustainable forest management thus improving sustainable forest and environmental stewardship.
Factors Determining Competitiveness of Beach Tourist Destination in Lagos, Nigeria
(2018) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
The comparative advantage of beach tourism in Nigeria can be exploited using effectiveness of destination management of beach tourism destinations to tourists’ needs as key factors in drawing tourists. Structured questionnaire was used to gather data from staff and tourists to Lekki Beach and Elegushi Beach.. Effectiveness of destination management from staff and responsiveness of tourism destination to tourists needs from tourists was measured. Data were analysed using multiple regression analysis and ANOVA to predict the efficiency of destination management. Results showed that 73% and 35.4% tourists had tertiary education in Lekki Beach and Elegushi Beach respectively, with 52% and 53% of the tourists being females in Lekki Beach and Elegushi Beach respectively. Most (94%) of the tourists were Nigerians in Lekki Beach, while all tourists to Elegushi Beach also Nigerians. From the perspective of staff, the management of Lekki Beach as a destination was not as effective in taking care of tourists’ needs as Elegushi Beach. The response variable predicted the effectiveness of destination management by the educational status of staff better in Elegushi Beach (R2 = 66.9%) than Lekki Beach (R2 = 33.3%). From the perception of tourists, none of the two destinations was responsive to the needs of tourists. But, Lekki Beach has the propensity to perform better as the percentage variance of prediction (R2 ) was explained by 48.4%.The effectiveness of beach tourist destination is a function of the quality of service that can be used to attract local and in particular international tourists.
Human Capital Development in the Nigerian Hospitality Industry: The Imperative for a Stakeholder Driven Initiative
(2019) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
Abstract Purpose – This study aims to investigate the structure of human capital development (HCD) in the Nigerian hospitality industry against a backdrop of a turbulent but growing economy. Design/methodology/approach – Through an in-depth review of the literature and content analysis, the study reviews the major challenges facing the Nigerian hospitality industry. Findings – The findings show that to develop and improve human capital in the hospitality industry in Nigeria, the input of the private sector, government and other stakeholders is required. Research limitations/implications – The findings are mainly descriptive. Further research could be enhanced by the inclusion of empirical data. Originality/value – A comparative review of the HCD strategies and plans of Nigeria’s peers in the African continent presents a different perspective for identifying the gaps in Nigeria’s policies for hospitality industry.
The Menace of Insecurity by Herdsmen Attack and its Implication on Tourism in Southwest Nigeria
(2021) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
The objective of this research is to assess the effects of herdsmen menace on tourism. Secondary data about insecurity caused by herdsmen attack were collected from news media using Google search and were subjected to descriptive statistics. The classical theory of structural functionalism and Marxian theory of historical materialism were used to explain and predict the implications of herdsmen attack on tourism. Findings of the study identified farmland destruction, attack on villages, murder of victims, kidnap and clash with farmers, injuries, rape, stealing of farm produce, robbery, and terrorism as menaces perpetrated by the herdsmen. The dysfunctional part of Nigerian societal structure which the theories used in this study identified that the contradiction between Nigerian economy and social control which was unstable leads to insurgency, and could affect the participation of Nigerian citizens and foreigners in tourism. Safety and security concerns for international and local travelers occasioned by terrorist attacks on highways in southwest Nigeria could make tourism destinations and businesses suffer from low patronage. Due to issues of insecurities along highways in southwest Nigeria, the future of family tourism, agri-tourism and rural tourism could be affected in capturing heterogeneity and mobility of the family market.
Residents’ Perception of Tourism Impact on the Physical Environment of Redemption Camp, Ogun State, Nigeria
(2013) Adeleke, Bola Olusola
Researchers had generally observed that inappropriate tourism development often leads to increased stress on destinations’ physical and sociocultural characteristics. The Redemption Camp being a world renowned religion tourist destination has been susceptible to physical environment degradation over the years. This paper therefore aims to assess Redemption Camp residents’ perception of positive and negative impact of tourism on the physical environment of the redemption camp. The data for this study were obtained through a questionnaire survey of 146 households’ heads or their representatives. The sample was selected through a random sampling technique. Descriptive statistical analysis and chi square analysis were employed to analyse the results. From the results it can be concluded that many natural resources in the redemption are endangered as a result of religion tourism. It is therefore recommended that town and land-use planning authorities should be involved in safe-guarding the natural areas, water bodies, and sustainable conversion of wild land to tourist sites.

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