Centre for Gender, Humanitarian and Development Studies

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Xenophobic attacks and other violence in South Africa: A challenge to world peace
(IFE-PsychologIA, 2008-10) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Escalation of xenophobic attacks and other violence and its impact on world peace is a relevant and contemporary issue in South Africa's democratic history. Safeguarding world peace and promoting the common development of mankind constitute the two cardinal tasks endowed by the United Nations' “Charter. Basically, Article one (1) of the human rights laws state that ‘all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood” (Banning, Sepúlveda, Gudmundsdottir & Chamoun, 2004). Hence, the need to search for stable peace and development in the world. Stable peace is the type of peace that brings development, security and happiness to the citizens of the world. However, this is being threatened globally due to various forms of conflict and violence such as the xenophobic attacks in South Africa. The search for stable global peace in this millennium implies serious attempt to eliminate the grinding poverty and ignorance among others. Stable peace and security can only be achieved by people and groups if they do not deprive others of it; this can be achieved if security is conceived as a process of emancipation (Wheeler and Booth in Baylis, 2001, p 300,). This is also noted in Article three (3) of the Human Rights Laws: “Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.” This paper is interested therefore in showing xenophobic attacks and other violence in South Africa as barriers or obstacles to achieving peace in the world. It recommended religious preaching and psychotherapy amongst other things for stemming the sadistic tide that is spreading across South Africa against migrant workers from neighbouring African countries and the rest of the world.
What is Cross-cultural Research?
(Canadian Center of Science and Education. 1120 Finch Avenue West, Suite 701-309, Toronto, ON., M3J 3H7, Canada., 2009-12) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Abstract This paper discusses the major principles and methods of cross-cultural research, particularly how to test hypotheses on worldwide samples of cultures. The major purpose of this presentation is to encourage an increase in cross-cultural research by showing that it is not hard to do.
Pathological basis of symptoms and crises in sickle cell disorder: implications for counseling and psychotherapy
(PAGEPress, Italy, 2010-04-13) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Abstract Sickle Cell Disorder (SCD) is a congenital hemoglobinopathy. There is little in literature regarding the psychological variables affecting individuals living with SCD and all of the significant people around them. There are also limited numbers of trained clinical psychologists and genetic counselors to cater for the psychotherapeutic needs of individuals living with SCD. Even among those who have been trained, only a few might have fully grasped the complexities of the disease pathology. Early understanding of its pathological nature, sources, types, complications, pathophysiological basis, and clinical severity of symptoms among clinical psychologists, genetic counselors and psychotherapists, as well as general medical practitioners, could guide them in providing holistic care for dealing with and reducing pain among individuals living with SCD. It could allow risk-based counseling for families and individuals. It could also justify the early use of disease-modifying or curative interventions, such as hydroxyurea (HU), chronic transfusions (CTs), or stem-cell transplantation (SCT) by general medical practitioners. Hence, the need for this paper on the pathophysiology of SCD. Keywords: counseling and psychotherapy.; implications; pathology; sickle cell disorder.
Bridging gender equity gap in Africa: A psychohistorical exposition of Efunsetan Aniwura
(International Journal of Psychology and Counselling. ICEA Building, 17th Floor, Kenyatta Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya., 2010-09-30) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Abstract Efunsetan Aniwura is an example of an African woman who stood against male chauvinism and gender inequity in her time. She wielded economic power in that she owned her own household full of slaves. As her name depicts “Aniwura” meaning “owner of wealth”, was a woman of wealth and spiritual depth in power and authority. A psycho-historical exposition of her personality will reveal the male chauvinistic character of the African society as well as its traditional role of silencing women in the past. This psycho-historical exposition of the personality of Efunsetan Aniwura will no doubt assist in the creation of enabling environment for the present African women to participate in the national development of low-income earning nations of Africa. Realizing Africa’s androcentric cultural and social leaning, this study will also aid in suggesting some extra and special measures that are required to enhance equitable participation of women in national development. Through the pains and agony of Efunsetan Aniwura, this paper identifies the root of gender inequity and discusses issues relating to gender equity in national development in Africa. It suggests practical approaches to equitable participation of women in nation building Key words: Bridging, gender, equity gap, psycho-historical exposition, Efunsetan Aniwura.
Workplace Mentoring : Learning and Developmental Approaches
(Ife PsychologIA, an International Journal of Psychology in Africa., 2011-01-01) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Abstract This paper views mentoring in organizations, large and small, as a viable vehicle for effective management of employees' capabilities, time, and talents as well as a tool for grooming junior employees for future leadership roles. It stated that these will require leaders in human resource setting to adopt learning and developmental approaches to mentoring. The paper also presents some types of mentoring as their advantages.
Genetic Counselling and Logotherapy: Implications for Psychotherapists Interested in Genetic Disorders.
(Global Journals® Headquarters, 945th Concord Streets, Framingham Massachusetts, Pin: 01701, United States of America., 2012-01-15) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Keywords: Genetic Counselling, Genetic Disorders, Logotherapy, Psychotherapists Abstract This paper examines the relevance of genetic counseling and logotherapy in the management of somatogenic and noetic dimensions of psychopathologic disorders among individuals living with heritable disorders such as diabetics sickle cell disorders cystic fibrosis cancer or down syndrome Individuals with genetic disorders often experience meaninglessness feelings of worthlessness alienation deep sited anxiety and depression due to recurrent painful crises and uncertainty of their ability to survive the next crisis Such individuals often depend on drug therapy for the amelioration of their painful somatic condition without considering the option of psychotherapy The study suggests that Frankl s logotherapy could be used to restore a sense of meaning to replace feelings of worthlessness and alienation anxiety and depression in these individuals It also suggests that genetic counseling could be used to determine how genetic conditions run in families and to help a person or family understand their risk for heritable conditions educate the person or family about that disease and assess the risk of passing those diseases on to their children It also highlights some implications for psychotherapists
Disaster experience of the elderly and the disabled: A Case of the Ife-Modakeke Crisis. In: Rebuilding Sustainable Communities with Vulnerable Populations after the Cameras Have Gone: A Worldwide Study. Edited by Adenrele Awotona.
(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom., 2012-05) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Gender Differences in Sickle Cell Crises: Implications for Genetic Counselling and Psychotherapy
(LONGDOM GROUP SA, Avenue Roger Vandendriessche, 18, 1150 Brussels, 2013) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Abstract Painless and painful crises are common phenomena in sickle cell crises. People with Sickle Cell Disorder (SCD) do experience both chronic and acute pain throughout life. The painful crisis is unpleasant with wide variation in intensity, quality, duration and persistence. It accounts for over 60% of hospital admissions in any given year of persons affected with SCD. Little attempt has been made to survey gender differences in frequency and intensity of pain as well as types of crises often experience by individuals suffering SCD. Thus researches focusing on gender differences in SCD crises are rear despite the fact the two men often report lower pain thresholds, higher pain ratings, and lower to lerance for pain. Men affected by SCD also experience low nitric oxide. Psychologically, women experienced high level of anxiety over pregnancy related crises. Thus, limited understanding and awareness exists among mental health practitioners on the need for genetic counseling and about the psychotherapeutic management of painful crises in persons affected by SCD. Hence, the need for this research that attempt to examine the differences in crises as well as proffer solutions for the genetic and mental health implications of these disorders < Keywords: Sickle cell disorders, Genetics, Counselling, Psychotherapy
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and Stem Cell Therapy (SCT): Implications for Psychotherapy and Genetic Counseling in Africa.
(IntechOpen Limited, The Shard, 25th floor, 32 London Bridge Street, London, SE19SG - UNITED KINGDOM2013, 2013-02-13) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Sickle Cell Disorder (SCD) is an inherited disease of red blood cells which has no widely available cure (Bernaudin, Socie, Kuentz, et al., 2007). While current medical therapies can make a significant difference in short-term effects (i.e. to relieve pain symptoms, prevent infections and manage complications such as eye damage, and strokes; and control complications), the progressive deterioration in organ function results in increased mortality and decreased quality of life among affect persons in Nigeria. Presently, blood and bone marrow stem cell transplant appear to be the only viable option for its eliminating. This option is hugely expensive and unaffordable for the vast majority of the affected Nigerian families since most of them could barely provide for the general routine medication therapies of the patient. Little attention is being given to the management of this disorder in Nigeria as compared to diseases such as malaria and polio myelitis. Institutional research attention and international funding support towards the search for ways to predict the severity of and for curative therapies of this disorder are also limited in Africa.
Indicators of Social Vulnerability and Sustainable Development.
(2014) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
The fragility of the human condition in relation to disaster centres on the idea that disasters are simply unavoidable extreme physical events produced by the complex mix of social, political, and economic forces that produce vulnerability of people to hazardous environments. Depending on the nature of the hazard and the socio-cultural context, different groups are more vulnerable than others. Important here is the focus on human agency as expressed in culturally reinforced social practice. That is, the specific things people do, situated in time and space, affect their vulnerability to various kinds of natural hazards. Therefore, in order to effectively address issues of sustainable development in areas that are susceptible to disaster there is the need for the identification of factors that are indicative of social vulnerability (SV) in such societies. Hence, the need for this paper, which examines the indicators of social vulnerability and sustainable development in developing areas like Nigeria susceptible to disaster.
Efunsetan Aniwura: A Psycho-Historical Exploration of Women’s Psychopathology.
(2014-04) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Abstract—The psycho-social impact of childlessness and the patriarchal nature of the African society on women has been greatly undermined in literature. Factors influencing such impact borders on gender roles and preference of male child over female, so much so that the traditional African woman's human rights has been greatly infringed upon. Efunsetan Aniwura is an example of such African women who stood against male chauvinism and gender inequity in her time. She wielded economic power and owned a household full of slaves. As her name depicts “Aniwura” meaning “owner of Gold”, was a woman of wealth and spiritual depth in power and authority. This study adopted a psycho-historical exploration of oral and written records on the mental health impacts of patriarchy and male chauvinism on women's psychosocial well-being in Africa with a focus on the traditional Yoruba Society in Nigeria. Psycho-historical exploration of the African society and its traditional role of silencing women in the past is rare. This method will no doubt assist in the creation of enabling environment for further research focusing on women’s psychopathology in Africa. It is however not a justification of the terrible acts of despotic leaders, but a mental health case presentation. Index Terms—Psychopathology, psycho-historical exploration, Efunsetan Aniwura.
Gender Dysphoric Disorder (GDD) in Adolescence: A Psycho-Social Issue for Faithbased Groups and Cultural Societies in Nigeria
(2015-12) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Abstract There exists a dearth of literature on the psychosocial consequences of the “unusual” or atypical sexual practices and gender identity disorders on affected persons and there family members as many cases are either not documented or reported in clinical settings or treated on cultural and or religious grounds. There is also a general lack of professional and research attention drawn to the nature, prevalence and management of these disorders among mental health practitioners and scholars working in faith-based and cultural societies like Nigeria. Therefore, the true incidence of these disorders in Nigeria is at present undetermined. Thus, little is known about what may be done to help people with these disorders in culture bound societies like Nigeria. Hence, the need for this paper which adopted a descriptive and interpretive double hermeneutic phenomenological survey research design to examine the faith-based and cultural definitions and responses to gender dysphoria in Nigeria. A total of 200 subjects participated in the study, one hundred from the faith-based organizations and another one hundred from different cultural groups in Nigeria. The pre-tested Faith-Based/ Cultural Definitions of Gender Dysphoric and Response Instrument was administered to them in their natural setting. Five (5)research questions and three (3) hypotheses were raised and tested at 0.05 level of significance using both simple descriptive statistics and Kruskal Wallis test. The results which have implications for mental health practitioners, faith-based organizations and cultural societies indicated that sexual orientation played significant role in adolescents’ religious beliefs and socio-cultural definitions and attitudes towards sexual deviations and gender dysphoria among adolescent boys and girls in Nigeria. Keywords: Gender Adolescence; Cultural Societies; Dysphoric Disorder (GDD); Faith-based Groups and Psycho-Social Issue
Stepping up Agenda 2030 for the Attainment of Gender Parity and Sustainable Development in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions: A Case Study
(2016) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
The most important determinant of a country’s competitiveness is its human talent — the skills and productivity of its workforce. The strongest, safest and most prosperous societies are those in which women are empowered and the genders are more equal. Gender equality is not a women or men issue—it is a human rights issue. Sequel to the adoption of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights by UN in 1948, education became a veritable implementation tool for promoting and achieving gender equity, social justice, poverty reduction and the overall advancement of women. This has opened the door of university education to a lot of women in Nigeria. As a widely recognized basic human right which bestows on women and men a disposition for lifelong acquisition of knowledge, values, attitudes, competence and skills, university education has also paved way for an increasing number of women into academic positions. In spite of these attainments, the World Economic Forum predicts in its Global Gender Gap Report 2014 that it will take until 2133 to achieve gender parity in all spheres of life, implying one hundred and seventeen (117) years until gender parity! The implementation of great decisions for sustainable development in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions cannot wait till 2133. Stepping up actions geared towards eliminating gender disparities in leadership and decision-making as well as building bridges to leadership for women will help to build healthier higher educational institutions, society and culture, and most likely lead to the attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGS) by 2020 or 2030. Thus, showcasing the achievements of the Centre for Gender and Development Studies, Ekiti State University, Nigeria, this paper posits that the time for accelerating gender equality in universities for sustainable development is now. Keywords: Acceleration, agenda 2030, gender, parity, & step it up
EFFECTS OF MATERNAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS (SES) ON CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY (COWOB) IN NIGERIA
(2017) Ilesanmi Faith Ibitoyosi & Ilesanmi Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Childhood overweight and obesity (COWOB) is currently one of the most important global public health challenges, especially, in developing nations. Studies in Nigeria are beginning to focus attention on its prevalence among children, adolescents, and adults in selected urban and rural areas across the nation. Some of these studies have implicated economic transition and rapid urbanization as well as globalization in its causation. Thus indicating that prevalence data for paediatric overweight and obesity in Nigeria are available. However, there appear to be existing gaps in the literature on the impact of maternal socio-economic status on childhood obesity across the nation. Hence, this study aims to conduct an extensive desk review of the literature to provide a broad overview of the impacts of maternal socioeconomic status (SES) on childhood obesity in Nigeria for improved public health intervention and paediatric Health Planning. Data for this review were obtained from original PubMed articles and EndNote referencing style. Internet search engines (google and google Scholar) were also employed. The years searched were from 1997 to 2016. Keywords: Childhood, Mother, Socio-economic status, Obesity, Overweight.
Women's Visibility in Decision Making Processes in Africa—Progress, Challenges, and Way Forward
(2018-12-10) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
Concerns over women's marginalization and invisibility in Africa policy-making, remains a fervent international discourse. These concerns are likely due to restrictive laws, cultural diversities and practices, institutional barriers, as well as disproportionate access to quality education, healthcare, and resources. Reversing these discriminatory practices is not impossible, and can be achieved by implementing the right mechanisms across the continent. The process toward increasing the visibility of women in decision-making across the continent, requires an understanding of the progress made so far, the challenges faced and the way forward. As a consequence, this paper conducted a review of literature to determine the key decision-making organs in Africa, the current status of African women and women's organizations in decision-making, existing institutional policies demanding female involvement in decision-making and the progress made in the continent so far. This paper will also provide recommendations to accelerate the way forward in view of Agenda 2030.
Nigeria and the Implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security
(Journal of Public Administration and Development Alternatives, 2019-07) Adefisoye, Ibironke Damilola
With a determination to addressing the negative impacts of violent conflicts and wars on women and girls, the United Nations Security Council made Resolution 1325 in October 2000. In an effort to repositioning women and girls to play active roles in peace and security through the Resolution, the United Nations sought the involvement of UN member-states in its implementation. In response, the Nigerian government through the Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development formulated the first National Action Plan in 2013. Despite coming after twelve years, the first NAP did not achieve its major formulation goals owing to poor coordination of stakeholders; poor inter-agency collaboration; non-inclusion of violent conflicts/extremism; poor logistics; and lack of political will on the part of some states and local governments to domesticate gender-related laws. These challenges bedeviled the first NAP and occasioned the introduction of the second NAP in May 2017. This study, there fore, interrogates the challenges confronting the implementation of the UN SCR 1325 in mobilising women and girls to overcome the traditional challenges militating against their effective mobilisation for peacebuilding and engagement in security-related activities in Nigeria. Data for the study were generated from primary and secondary sources. The study revealed among other things that certain socio-cultural factors coupled with inherent ecological issues within Nigeria’s policy environment have affected the implementation of the UNSCR 1325 on women, peace and security and such undesirable trend may continue if concerted efforts are not geared towards addressing them.
COVID-19, Governments’ Response and the Feminisation of Poverty: Ekiti State, Nigeria in Perspective
(Journal of Education Research and Rural Community Development, 2020) Adefisoye, Ibironke Damilola
This article examined the effects of the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), and governments’ response action on female poverty in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Discourse on female poverty abounds, but there is the need to revisit the topic, particularly in the light of a global pandemic. In achieving its objective, the qualitative research approach was adopted. The method combined the use of primary data elicited through the conduct of Key informants Interview (KII), and the review of secondary materials to generate data. Ekiti State, as the focus of this study, was purposively selected, while Ekiti Central Senatorial District was conveniently selected from the three Senatorial Districts being the seat of commerce of the State. Three towns from three Local Government Areas under Ekiti Central: Adebayo, (Ado Ekiti); Aramoko (Ekiti West); and Ipoti (Ijero) were randomly selected. A total of seven women, including traders/artisans who are breadwinners of their respective families, were interviewed. Responses were analysed thematically and with the use of the descriptive method. It was found-out that governments’ lockdown measure had a negative effect on commercial activities, as those activities were restricted; an action which had a multiplier effect on female/household poverty. Despite the punitive measures attached to the disobedience of the lockdown order, many women still engaged in ‘illicit’ commercial activities, as a desperate move to feed their respective families. Besides, the palliative provided by the government to cushion the effect of the lockdown was limited to grossly inadequate food items. The paper recommends that government should put in place, as a matter of urgency, a social security scheme such as an emergency fund that would adequately cater for women in the informal sector, and the poorest of them.
WOMEN AND HOUSEHOLD POVERTY, FROM BREAST FEEDING TO BREAD WINNING (A CASE OF EKITI STATE, NIGERIA).
(Centre for Gender and Development Studies, Ekiti State University, Nigeria, 2020-01-01) Adefisoye, Ibironke Damilola
In traditional African society, women’s roles as child bearers, caregivers to children, the sick and the elderly, and in food production are seen as very important to the health and survival of their immediate families. Women are also involved in petty trading and other informal economic activities that are lowly remunerated. However, in recent time women’s responsibilities have shifted from these known roles to full involvement in formal economic activities. This paper focuses on women economic participation and the implication on household poverty/welfare. It argues that, increasing female formal economic engagement serves as a spring board for families to move out of poverty. This is because women re-invest a much larger part of their income in families and communities than men thereby spreading the wealth and creating a positive impact on future development. Using random sampling, data were collected through questionnaire and in-depth interview from respondents in Ado Local government area of Ekiti State. Findings from the study revealed that westernization through education and religion are responsible for women’s shift from their traditional role to formal economic engagement. Although this transition has some negative implications but the positive impacts which include improvement in family nutrition, children access to better education and educational facilities have strong influence on the households.
Non-Governmental Organizations and the Policy Process: A Reflection on the Ekiti State Gender Equality Policy, 2011
(International Journal of Social Sciences Perspectives, 2020-01-23) Adefisoye, Ibironke Damilola
The policy process is a complex one that requires formal and informal linkages between governmental and other actors. Collaboration between the government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) is pivotal to the attainment of the goals of gender equality, which is to provide equal opportunities for men and women in the society. Despite the importance of this policy, studies show that certain factors in a policy environment might inhibit such alignment. Using the Ekiti State Gender Equality Policy of 2011 as a case study, this paper examined the importance of NGOs to the policy process of gender equality policy in Ekiti State. To achieve the objectives, an online survey was carried-out among twenty-two randomly selected workers of NGOs whose Organizations have previously worked on gender-related policies in Ekiti. Besides, Key Informant Interviews were conducted with two civil society experts. Data elicited were presented and analyzed using tables, frequency counts, percentage scores and the descriptive method. Findings showed that NGOs were adequately involved in the formulation and adoption stages of the Policy. However, such involvement was not fully imported into the implementation stage. This was because of the change in government in the State in 2014, which affected the continuity of the policy. This further validates the argument that the implementation stage is often the grave-yard of many good policies in Africa. It was concluded that if Ekiti State wishes to retain its frontline position in the promotion of the gender equality, it must ensure an improved synergy with NGOs and policy continuity.
The Effect of Awareness on the Implementation of the Ekiti State Gender Equality Policy and other Related Laws, 2011-2016
(Journal of Good Governance in Africa, 2020-03) Adefisoye, Ibironke Damilola
The idea of gender equality evolved in a bid to eliminate all discriminatory social practices and create equal opportunities for men and women in all spheres of the society. Therefore, gender equality policy refers to actions taken by government and other stakeholders to achieve the goals of gender equality. Taking a cue from Ekiti State, Nigeria, the article examined the effects of awareness on the implementation of the States’ gender equality laws between 2011 and 2016. To achieve this objective, this study adopted the survey design through the administration of questionnaire and conduct of key informant interview. Specifically, a total of four hundred and fifty copies of a self-designed questionnaire were administered in selected towns across the three Senatorial Districts in the State. Besides, Key Informant Interviews were conducted with a senior official of the Ekiti State Ministry of Women Affairs; and the Desk Officer at the Ado-Ekiti Division of the Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps. Data collected were analysed using SPSS Version 21.0 and the descriptive method of analysis. Results were presented and interpreted using frequency tables, percentage and scores. The study found-out that there was a low level of awareness of the existing gender equality policy and gender-related affirmative action during the period under review; a development that constituted a major hindrance to the attainment of the goals of gender equality in the State. The paper recommended that efforts should be made to create awareness on the existing gender laws/policy in order to boost the chances of fruitful implementation.

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