Department of Mechanical Engineering

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Co‑pyrolysis of Cassava Peel with Synthetic Polymers: Thermal and Kinetic Behaviors
(Elsevier: Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy, 2021-10) Adedoja, Adedotun
This research efort focuses on the co-pyrolysis of cassava peels waste and some synthetic polymers towards energy conversion and reducing the volume of these waste fractions dumped on dumpsites. The co-pyrolysis behavior and pyrolysis kinetics of various synthetic polymer wastes/cassava peel blends were investigated by blending cassava peel waste with low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS) at diferent weight ratios. The physical characteristics of each sample were investigated and the co-pyrolysis experiments were conducted at a heating rate of 10 °C/min from room temperature to 800 °C in N2 atmosphere in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Subsequent to thermal decomposition, kinetic analysis was done using the thermogravimetric data. Results from physicochemical characterization showed that cassava peel has a relatively lower calorifc value of 15.92 MJ/kg compared with polystyrene (41.1 MJ/kg), low-density polyethylene (42.6 MJ/kg), and polyethylene terephthalate (21.1 MJ/kg). The thermal decomposition behavior of cassava peel was seen to be signifcantly diferent from those of the synthetic polymers. The decomposition of the biomass material such as cassava peel generally occurs in two stages while the decomposition of LDPE, PS, and PET occurred in a single stage. The activation energy required for thermal degradation in cassava peel was also found to be lower to that of the plastic material. The co-pyrolysis of cassava peel and diferent synthetic polymers afected the thermal and kinetic behaviors of the blends, reduce the activation energy and residue after pyrolysis.
Assessment of Musculoskeletal Discomfort Among Mini-Bus Drivers In Osun State, Nigeria.
(International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT), 2022) Sanyaolu, Olufemi
There have been many reports on the physical factors contributed to the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) which have a negative influence on the health of employee across different occupations including bus drivers. This study focuses on the assessment of musculoskeletal disorders among mini-bus drivers popularly called “Korope” in the Osun State of Nigeria. This research is based on questionnaires extracted from the standard Nordic questionnaire for the assessment of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The results obtained from the questionnaire showed that the low back, knee and the ankle/feet were found to be the most common areas of discomfort among the population. The elbow showed the least area of musculoskeletal discomfort while the shoulder,upper back, neck, thigh/hips and the wrist/ hands showed moderate discomfort. Some of the subjects experienced at least two of the discomforts
Safety Risk Assessment in Manufacturing Systems: An Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach
(International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2022) Sanyaolu, Olufemi
Safety risks in the manufacturing sector affects activities in manufacturing operations. A poor safety culture results in unplanned downtime in production, accidents, injuries and lost time incidents. Safety risk assessment of manufacturing systems using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was carried out in this study. Hazard identification and risk ranking was done using a structured questionnaire to identify the hazards which include rolling/moving shaft, wet floor due to oil leaks and water spillage, clouds of dust, steam leakages/pressurized hose leakages, bad machine guarding, noise, fire, open drains, transporting/carrying heavy loads, lifting heavy loads above shoulder height and poor housekeeping. The risk analysis of these hazards indicated Risk Priority Numbers (RPN) ranging from 2 to 16. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for the safety risk assessment was carried out using three criteria, namely; human(employee) safety (HS), machine(equipment) safety (MS) and work environment safety (WES). Each criterion has sub-criteria which were found to be consistent after the AHP analysis, thus, it can be used for decision making. This study identified hazards and risks associated with manufacturing systems and analyzed the safety risks by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach.
Corrosion Protection by Novel Conversion Coatings on Structural Al 6061
(Applied Science and Engineering Progress, 2022-02-03) Adesina, Olanrewaju
Chromate conversion coatings have witnessed limited acceptability in recent times. The coatings contain Cr (VI) species that have been classified as environmental hazards and injurious to human health. Thus, the use of environment-friendly and non-carcinogenic novel inorganic-inorganic hybrid conversion coatings are being explored. Vanadate (VCC), hybrid Vanadate/Molybdate (HCC) conversion coatings on Al6061 have been classified in terms of corrosion and adhesion performance with reference to the untreated alloy. Natural exposure tests in the atmosphere and stagnant near-neutral 3.5% sodium chloride solution, as well as potentio-dynamic polarization measurements showed that the corrosion rate for HCC is lower for Vanadate, which in turn outclassed the ‘bare’ alloy. However, clusters of passive incipient pits were revealed on the former after 120 h of exposure in stagnant chloride solution. Both conversion coatings outperformed the untreated aluminium alloy after atmospheric corrosion and adhesion tests.
Mechanical Characterization and Numerical Optimization of Aluminum Matrix Hybrid Composite
(Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022-03-30) Adesina, Olanrewaju
Hybridization of aluminum matrix composite is with a view to offset the properties deficient in one composite reinforcement. The present investigation involve a comparative study of AA6063 matrix composites with single reinforcement of A1203, SiC, graphene respectively and various hybridized proportions of the same reinforcements. Physical (density and %porosity) and mechanical (tensile strength, fracture toughness, %elongation, elastic modulus, etc.) properties of composites developed via solidification processing technique were evaluated. "I'he porosity of all the composites fall below the maximum acceptable limit for cast metal matrix composite. Maximum values for UTS, %elongation, and absorbed energy at maximum stress was obtained by hybrid composite with 4wt% A1203, SiC and 2wt% graphene, while the composite with the highest single reinforcement of graphene have the highest value for elastic modulus and fracture toughness. Numerical optimization result show that a matrix and hybrid reinforcements contents of AA6063 (91.413wt.%), SiC (3.679wt.%), A1203 (0.277wt.%), and graphene (4.632wt.%) respectively, will result in optimal values for the evaluated properties.
Development of a High Efficient Manual Furnace Blower of the Local Charcoal-Fired Furnace for Aluminium Recycling
(Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 2022-05) Sanyaolu, Olufemi
The charcoal-fired furnace is usually used for Aluminium recycling for the production of cooking utensils in local small-scale Aluminium recycling industries. The performance of such a furnace and manual operated blower was carried out to determine the efficiency and energy consumption in the cause of electrical power failure. Towards this objective, measurements were taken of the quantity of charcoal used for different melts and their corresponding melting times and temperatures. The wheel gear speed ratio of 1:16 was calculated, the energy used was determined and the efficiency calculated. The efficiency obtained for the furnace and the manual-operated blower was 11.6%. The value was obtained as a result of variable atmospheric conditions, non-uniform speed, and the open nature of the environment and the furnace.
Present and Future Impacts of Computer-Aided Design/ Computer-Aided Manufacturing(CAD/CAM)
(International Information and Engineering Technology Association, 2022-06-12) Adesina, Olanrewaju
The world is a growing place with great technological advancement in all areas of life. For some decades now, various disciplines and industries have been engaged in using Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) across different nations. CAD/CAM utilizes computers to integrate design and manufacturing processes for quality product attainment. This review article examined the present impacts of CAD/CAM on some sectors such as architecture, manufacturing, engineering and design, electronics, automobile, shipbuilding, aerospace, and medicine. Highlights on some applications and future impacts of CAD/CAM have also been discussed. The numerous impacts of CAD/CAM are discussed in the study. It was concluded that CAD/CAM had become integral parts of our world to ease production against traditional methods. The study recommended more research focus on biomaterials for 3-D bioprinting for tissue engineering applications.
Modeling and Optimizing the Tensile Behavior of Developed Aluminum Hybrid Composite
(World Scientific, 2022-08-05) Adesina, Olanrewaju
Aluminum and its alloy arc versatilc metal materials engaged in various applications based on their high strength, corrosion resistance and light weight. Ilowever, there are rnany lilllitations to its applications when cornpared with steel. In a bid to illiprove 011 the properties, alutninurn cornposites arc dcvclopcd. In this study, Al 6111 cornpositc was developed by the blend of silica and bmnboo leaf ash (BLA) as reinforcement employing stir casting process. The input factors for the experiment were silica dosage (A), BLA proportion (B) and stirring ternperature (C). The experirnental design carried out via Box Behnken design of the response surface methodology. Composites were fabricated through stir casting process by varying the inputs according to the dictations Of the experirnental runs. Parmneters evaluated are yield strength, ultirnate tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation. Result of the AN()VA analysis showed that the parameters had conscquential effect on the response and the developed model for each parameter are fit for predictions. From the surface plot, interaction between 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% silica and 2 wt.% and 'l wt.% BLA led to improvement in yield, ultimate tensile strength but decrease in elongation even as proportions 10 wt. % and 15 wt.% silica and 4 wt.% and 6 wt. % BLA ensued reduction in the value. Stirring ternperature of 700—800 0 C is favorable to the strength paratneters while led to strength reduction. Optimization via response surface, predicted optimum conditions of 11.62/19 wt.%, 3.957()7 wt.% and 789.()33 0 C for A, B and C, respectively. Predicted values for yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation are 278.'26 MPa, 378.24 MPa, 97.7885 GPa and 1().132%, respectively. Validation experiment was carried out at the optirnutn condition and the deviation in parameters between the predicted aud validated values is < 5%. Ilence, the Inodels are statistically fit for property predictions.
Electrodeposition of Nickel on Heat-treated Low Carbon Steel for Yam Pounding Beater
(World Scientific, 2022-08-15) Adesina, Olanrewaju
This work focused on the mechanical and corrosion behaviors of electroplated nickel on heat-treated low carbon steel serving as an alternative to austenitic stainless steel for the yam beater in a yam pounding machine. Four standard samples were prepared for electrodeposition from the steel samples by heating to a temperature of 920C with a 60-min holding time. One of the samples was air-cooled while the remaining three were quenched in H2O and later tempered at 450C, 550C and 650C for 60min. After the heat treatment process, the ultimate tensile strength, toughness, and microhardness of the samples were obtained. Nickel electrodeposition was later carried out on the heat-treated mild steel using Watt standard bath concentration. Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) were used for the characterization of the heat-treated and nickel-electrodeposited samples. More so, the elec trochemical behavior of the nickel-plated samples was studied in a yam °uid environment using the potentiodynamic polarization technique. X-ray °uorescence (XRF) was used to analyze the chemical and oxide composition of the samples. The results showed that among all the heat treatment opera tions, the sample heat-treated at 920Candtemperedatthehighesttemperingtemperature of650C gave the highest toughness value (102MJ/m3) when compared with stainless steel at 124MJ/m3. The sample heat-treated at 920C and tempered at 550C displayed a corrosion rate of 0.022182mm/yr as against the stainless steel sample with a value of 0.0031864mm/yr. From the analysis, the nickel deposited on the heat-treated samples enhanced corrosion resistance in the yam °uid. XRF analysis of the yam before pounding, after processing with nickel electroplated, and stainless beaters shows the content of nickel as 0.0941%, 0.109%, and 0.1113%, respectively. It was concluded that the materials for the yam pounding beater, therefore, perform better if they were both heat-treated and nickel-plated. Invariably, stainless steel could be successfully replaced with heat-treated and nickel-plated mild steel for use as a yam pounding beater.
Electrochemical Studies of the Corrosion Behavior of Al/SiC/PKSA Hybrid Composites in 3.5% NaCl Solution
(Journal of Composites Science, 2022-09-29) Adesina, Olanrewaju
The corrosion behavior of metal matrix composites (MMCs) is accelerated by the inclusion of reinforcements. Hence, this study investigates the corrosion behavior of MMCs produced from Al 6063 matrix alloy with reinforcement particulates of silicon carbide (SiC) and palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) inclusion at different mix ratios. The MMCs were synthesized using the double stir casting technique. The corrosion behaviors of the composites in NaCl solutions were studied via gravimetric analysis and electrochemical measurements. The gravimetric analysis showed fluctuating dissolution rate of the samples in NaCl solution to indicate flawed film as well as corrosion product formation over the surface of the specimens. The observed corrosion mechanism of the samples was general and pitting corrosion. The presence of reinforcements within the Al6063 matrix acted as active sites for corrosion initiation. The range of values for Ecorr and Icorr obtained in 3.5% NaCl at 24 h was between 220.62 and 899.46 mVandbetween5.45 and 40.87 A/cm2, respectively, while at 72 h, the Ecorr values ranged from 255.88 to 887.28 mV, and the Icorr ranged from 7.19 to 16.85 A/cm2. The Nyquist and Bode plots revealed the electrochemical corrosion behavior of the samples under investigation, with predominant reactions on the surface of the samples linked to charge transfer processes. The relative resistance to corrosion of the samples depends on the thin oxide film formed on the surface of the samples
Experimental analysis, statistical modeling, and parametric optimization of quinary-(CoCrFeMnNi)100 –x/TiCx high-entropy-alloy (HEA) manufactured by laser additive manufacturing
(Elsevier, 2022-11-28) Adesina, Olanrewaju
For additional strength increase, 5, 10, and 15% TiC was added to the quinary CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) at laser powers of 100, 400, and 700 watts while selective laser melting method was engaged in the fabrication. Microstructure, porosity, density, yield and tensile strengths, elongation, and microhardness are among the parameters analyzed. As TiC appreciated from 5 to 15%, the microstructure revealed that the particles were dispersed within the matrix. Also, the addition ensued grain size refinement with increasing particle proportion. Meanwhile, 15% caused an increase in porosity, 0–10% TiC dosage and 100–700 watts laser power led to a decrease in porosity. The same dosage of TiC resulted in a linear improvement in microhardness even as 0–15% TiC ensued gradual reductions in density and elongation Increases in laser power between 100 and 700 watts were detrimental to elongation but beneficial to density and microhardness enhancement. For composites produced at 100–700 watts laser power, 5–10% TiC increased yield and ultimate tensile strengths whereas 15% TiC decreased strength. For every TiC addition, laser power 100 - 400 watts generally showed an improvement in strength and microhardness, whereas 700 watts depicted a decrease in strength and microhardness. The optimal input combination was predicted by the developed models to be 15% TiC and 504 watts laser power. Since the deviation between anticipated outcome and validation values for the responses is < 0.05, the models are certified for future prediction of the responses. In conclusion, with 504 watt laser power, the entropy alloy’s optimum composition is (CoCrFeMnNi) 85 /TiC 15 .
Statistical modeling of Si‑based refractory compounds of Bamboo leaf and Alumina reinforced Al–Si–Mg alloy hybrid composites
(Nature Portfolio, 2023) Adesina, Olanrewaju
Wear properties of Al–Mg–Si alloy matrix hybrid composites made with Si-based refractory compounds (SBRC) derived from bamboo leaf ash (BLA) as complimentary reinforcement with alumina have been studied. The experimental result indicate that optimum wear loss was obtained at higher sliding speed. The wear rate of the composites increased with an increase in BLA wt. %, with the composites having 4%SBRC from BLA+ 6% alumina (B4) showing the least wear loss for the diferent sliding speeds and wear loads considered. With increasing BLA weight percent, the composites’ wear mechanism was mostly abrasive wear. Numerical optimization results using central composite design (CCD) reveal that at a wear load of 587.014N, sliding speed of 310.053 rpm and B4 hybrid fller composition level respectively, minimum responses in wear rate (0.572mm2/min), specifc wear rate (0.212cm2 /g.cm3) and wear loss (0.120 g) would be obtained for the developed AA6063 based hybrid composite. Perturbation plots indicate that the sliding speed have more impact on wear loss, while wear load have signifcant impact on the wear rate and specifc wear rate.
Valorized rice husk as green corrosion inhibitor for Al 6061 in 1M HCl
(MIM Research Group, 2023) Adesina, Olanrewaju
This study investigated the inhibition characteristics of rice husk (RH) on corrosion of Aluminum 6061 in 1M hydrochloric acid. Gravimetric analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/ Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) as well as electrochemical studies revealed the potency of RH as a good inhibitor of the corrosion of Al 6061 in 1M HCl. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that –OH, C=C, and C=O with signals at (3317.19, 2932.9, 2848.2), (1631.8) and (1105.73, 1030.2, 447.15), respectively in RH were the viable active functional groups which adsorbed on the metal surface to effect reduction of corrosion rates. However, literature suggested the presence of amorphous silica in RH which served as a complimentary corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion current density of Al 6061 was reduced to 3.46 × 10−7 A/cm2 at 24 h as against 9.27 × 10−7 A/cm2 at the commencement of the potentiodynamic polarization measurements in inhibited 1M HCl. The control specimens exhibited an average corrosion rate of 3.86 × 10−6 A/cm2 in HCl solution at the start of this investigation as compared to the corrosion rate of 3.46 × 10−7 A/cm2 at 24 h of exposure in 5 mg RH- inhibited HCl. The obtained results gave a corrosion inhibition efficiency of about 90 to 92%.
Statistical modeling of Si‑based refractory compounds of bamboo leaf and alumina reinforced Al–Si–Mg alloy hybrid composites
(natureportfolio, 2023) Adesina, Olanrewaju
Wear properties of Al–Mg–Si alloy matrix hybrid composites made with Si‑based refractory compounds (SBRC) derived from bamboo leaf ash (BLA) as complimentary reinforcement with alumina have been studied. The experimental result indicate that optimum wear loss was obtained at higher sliding speed. The wear rate of the composites increased with an increase in BLA wt. %, with the composites having 4%SBRC from BLA + 6% alumina (B4) showing the least wear loss for the different sliding speeds and wear loads considered. With increasing BLA weight percent, the composites’ wear mechanism was mostly abrasive wear. Numerical optimization results using central composite design (CCD) reveal that at a wear load of 587.014N, sliding speed of 310.053 rpm and B4 hybrid filler composition level respectively, minimum responses in wear rate (0.572mm2/min), specific wear rate (0.212cm2/g.cm3) and wear loss (0.120 g) would be obtained for the developed AA6063 based hybrid composite. Perturbation plots indicate that the sliding speed have more impact on wear loss, while wear load have significant impact on the wear rate and specific wear rate.
Microstructure, Process Optimization, and Strength Response Modelling of Green-Aluminium-6061 Composite as Automobile Material
(Ceramics, 2023-02-01) Adesina, Olanrewaju
The use of ashes derived from various waste sources as supplements to synthesized ceramic reinforcement in metal matrices has been established. However, studies involving a combination of particulates from three different sources are rare. In a bid to further knowledge in this aspect of research and develop a green aluminium composite for automobile applications, the present investigation studied the implication of adding palm kernel shell ash (PKA), rice husk ash (RHA), and waste steel particles (STP) to the morphology and strength behaviour of Al-6061-T6 alloy. The experimental design was undertaken via the Box–Behnken design (BBD) of the response surface method. A 4% STPat a constant dose was mixed with PKA and RHA at varying proportions and stirring temperatures according to the BBD. The experimental outcome revealed that the responses were greatly influenced by microstructural evolution. From the surface plots, 2–4% RHA and PKA enhanced tensile and flexural strengths, while 4–6% led to a decline in strength. Meanwhile, 2–6% of the particles are favourable to the enhancement of tensile and compressive strengths and moduli. Temperaturesbetween700and800 Cfavoredresponseimprovement,whereastemperaturesbetween 800 and 900 Cweredetrimental to responses. Developed regression models for the responses were validated to be good representations of the experimental outcomes. The optimum mix was obtained at 4.81% PKA,5.41%RHA,andastirringtemperatureof803 C.Thevalidationexperimentconducted portrayed reliable responses with <5% deviation from the predicted values, thereby certifying the models to be statistically fit for future predictions.
Microstructure, Process Optimization, and Strength Response Modelling of Green-Aluminium-6061 Composite as Automobile Material
(Ceramics, 2023-02-01) Adesina, Olanrewaju
The use of ashes derived from various waste sources as supplements to synthesized ceramic reinforcement in metal matrices has been established. However, studies involving a combination of particulates from three different sources are rare. In a bid to further knowledge in this aspect of research and develop a green aluminium composite for automobile applications, the present investigation studied the implication of adding palm kernel shell ash (PKA), rice husk ash (RHA), and waste steel particles (STP) to the morphology and strength behaviour of Al-6061-T6 alloy. The experimental design was undertaken via the Box–Behnken design (BBD) of the response surface method. A 4% STPat a constant dose was mixed with PKA and RHA at varying proportions and stirring temperatures according to the BBD. The experimental outcome revealed that the responses were greatly influenced by microstructural evolution. From the surface plots, 2–4% RHA and PKA enhanced tensile and flexural strengths, while 4–6% led to a decline in strength. Meanwhile, 2–6% of the particles are favourable to the enhancement of tensile and compressive strengths and moduli. Temperaturesbetween700and800 Cfavoredresponseimprovement,whereastemperaturesbetween 800 and 900 Cweredetrimental to responses. Developed regression models for the responses were validated to be good representations of the experimental outcomes. The optimum mix was obtained at 4.81% PKA,5.41%RHA,andastirringtemperatureof803 C.Thevalidationexperimentconducted portrayed reliable responses with <5% deviation from the predicted values, thereby certifying the models to be statistically fit for future predictions.
Optimization and Inhibitive effects of Sweet Potato Leaf Extract (SPLE) on mild steel
(Elsevier, 2023-02-02) Adesina, Olanrewaju
Weight loss and electrochemical techniques were used to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of sweet potato leaf extracts (SPLE) as inhibitor on mild steel in phosphoric acid. Box Behnken design was used to examine the interactions of these variables: acid concentration (0.5–1.5 M); time (5–10 days); inhibitor concentrations (0.3–0.9 g/L) and temperature (30–60 ◦ C) respectively. Polarization and Electrochemical impedance and were used to measure the inhibition efficiency. The surface morphology of coupons was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The experimental data was statistically analysed and regression equation was generated for inhibition efficiency. The weight loss measurement revealed that extract acts as an inhibitor for mild steel in phosphoric acid and decreases rate of corrosion. The results of inhibition effi ciency derived from polarization studies and impedance analyses agree. The validated experi ment’s coupon created a better protected inhibitive layer than coupon of the best process level as observed from experimental design, according to SEM analysis. It can be concluded that the extract operated as an inhibitor by producing outer film on the surface of mild steel.
Statistical Analysis and Optimization of the Experimental Results on Performance of Green Aluminum-7075 Hybrid Composites
(Journal of Composites Science, 2023-03-13) Adesina, Olanrewaju
The present study assessed the potential of engaging response surface analysis in the ex perimental design, modeling, and optimization of the strength performance of aluminum-7075 green composite. The design of the experiment was carried out via the Box–Behnken method and the inde pendent variables are rice husk ash (RHA) at 3–12 wt.%, glass powder (GP) at 2–10 wt.%, and stirring temperature (ST) at 600–800 C. Responses examined are yield, ultimate tensile, flexural, and impact strengths, as well as microhardness and compressive strength. ANOVA analysis revealed that the input factors had consequential contributions to each response, eventually presenting regression models statistically fit to represent the experimental data, further affirmed by the diagnostic plots. The result of the optimization envisaged an optimal combination at 7.2% RHA, 6.2 GP, and 695 C with a desirability of 0.910. A comparison between the predicted values for the responses and the values of the validation experiment revealed an error of <5% for each response. Consequently, the models are certified adequate for response predictions at 95% confidence, and the optimum combination is adequate for the design of the composite
Modeling and Optimization of Green-Al 6061 prepared from environmentally Source Materials
(Heliyon, 2023-03-30) Adesina, Olanrewaju
Recent studies are evaluating the use of particulates fabricated from agro-based residues as reinforcement for enhancing the properties of aluminium alloys. This report focuses on the optimization approach and modeling of responses for future prediction, which are absent from the majority of studies involving particle reinforcement of an aluminum matrix. Herein, palm kernel shell ash (PKA) and rice husk ash (RHA) were incorporated with 4 wt% of WSD and used as fillers in the Aluminium-6061 matrix at variable proportions. The response surface approach was utilized in the experiment design, modeling, and outcome optimization. The independent vari ables are the proportions of PKA and RHA and stir casting temperature. Yield, ultimate tensile, impact strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness are examined as response parameters. The results demonstrated that the microstructural property played a significant role in the re sponses. Incorporating PKA and RHA into the Al-6061 matrix improved the response parameters. Temperatures in the range of 700 and 800 ◦C enhanced the property parameters, even though temperatures within 800 and 900 ◦C caused a decline in response. The dependence of the re sponses on the pattern between property variables was revealed by surface and contour plots. The development of models for predicting responses. Optimal conditions were reached at 4.03% PKA, 5.12% RHA, and 787 ◦C, with an error <5% when compared to the forecast responses, thus validating the model. 1. Introduction Agriculture remains an inevitable aspect of human because of the relevance of food being the major need of man. In the last deca
Morphological Evolution and Strength Performance of Green-aluminium-7075 Hybrid Composites modeled by response Surface Analysis
(Springer, 2023-06-03) Adesina, Olanrewaju
In developing countries, the importation of synthetic ceramic particles for particulate reinforcement of metal matrixes is costly, so locally sourced and sustainable alternatives are sought after Rice husk ash (RHA) at 3–12 wt.%, glass powder (GP) at 2–10 wt.%, and stirring temperature (ST) at 600–800 °C were evaluated for their effects on the elemental distribution, microstructure,andtensileperformanceofaluminum-7075greencomposite.Responsesurfacewasutilizedintheexperimental design and statistical analysis of the experimental results for the purpose of determining the optimal combination of the three input variables. Yield, ultimate tensile, flexural, and impact strengths, as well as microhardness and compressive strength, are examined as responses. To optimize these parameters, response surface analysis was incorporated into the experimental design, modeling, and optimization procedures. Variation in experimental variables led to microstructural evolution, which in turn caused variation in performance. Response surfaceanalysis (RSA)revealed thattheinputfactors contributed significantly to each response, resulting in regression models statistically suited to represent the experimental data, as confirmed by the diagnostic plots. As a consequence of the optimization, a combination of 7.2% RHA, 6.2 GP, and 695 °C with a desirability of 0.91 was deemed optimal. A comparison between the predicted values for the responses and the values from the validation experiment revealed that each response had an error < 5%. Consequently, the models are certified adequate for response prediction with a confidence level of 95%, and the optimal combination is adequate for the composite’s design.

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