Department of Physiotherapy

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    A Review of Non-Verbal Pain Assessment Tools and Management in Patients with Dementia
    (The Nigerian Medical Practitioner, 2019) Adeniji, Tolulope
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    Research Productivity of Academic staff in a Medical School
    (Sahel Medical Journal, 2019-10) Adeniji, Tolulope
    Background: Research productivity is a measure of achievement of a scholar. The number of research publication in peer-reviewed journals and scholastic presentations in conferences and other gatherings of peers are important criteria for assessing productivity and prestige in the academia. Objective: This study aimed to explore the research productivity of the academic staff of a College of Medical Sciences in a Nigerian University. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design study was conducted among 51 academics at the College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. The participants completed a 31-item questionnaire that explored information on their research publication and conferences presentations in the past 3 years. The questionnaire also elicited information on their teaching load, and the time devoted to research per week. The questionnaire also elicited information on journals, in which the academics published their research, and on any institutional and departmental support for research that is available to them. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Overall, the mean number of research publication in 3 years for this cohort of academics was 6.6 ± 6.8 (median = 4.0) papers, while that of conference presentation was 4.5 ± 4.0 (median = 4.0) papers in 3 years. Academics in the clinical sciences subgroup tend to have more research papers published and conference papers presented than their counterparts in the Basic and Allied Health Sciences subgroup. The overall subgroups combined number of research papers published increases absolutely but not significantly with age and rank. Conclusion: Using a productivity threshold set at six papers in 3 years, many academics in this cohort may not be considered to be highly productive. Future studies on an expanded scale are needed to elucidate on the present findings.
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    A Review-Based Comparative Analysis of Health Care Delivery System in Nigeria and the United Kingdom
    (West African Journal of Medicine., 2020-11) Adeniji, Tolulope
    Background: It is a general belief that the healthcare delivery system (HCDS) in Nigeria is bedevilled by frequent workers industrial actions, inter-professional rivalry among healthcare workers and insurance scheme mismanagement and corruption. Objective: This study was aimed at comparing the health care system in Nigeria (a lower middle-income country) and the United Kingdom (a high-income country). Methods: Using keywords including 'primary health care', 'secondary health care', 'tertiary health care', 'health care delivery system', 'Nigeria' and ''United Kingdom, PubMed was searched for studies on health care in Nigeria and the United Kingdom. Databases of the World Bank, World Health Organization, Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook and Index Mundi were also searched for information on health indices and organisational characteristics for Nigeria and the United Kingdom. Retrieved articles and data obtained were analysed and a two-country comparison was performed on HCDS features and health indices. Results: The average Life Expectancy in Nigeria is less than two third of that of the UK (54.8 years vs. 81.2 years) and the probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per thousands of population is 127.8% higher among Nigerians than among UK citizens. The Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births and the under-five children mortality rate is 16 and 23 times higher in Nigeria than in the UK. The probability of dying on or before the first year of life and before the age of five is 177% and 183% higher respectively, in Nigeria than in the UK. While the UK ranked within the top 2% -10% on health system rating features such as achievement of goals, health care services distribution and overall goal achievement on HCDS, Nigeria is ranked within the bottom 2%-5% in these measures. Discussion: Using the HCDS in the UK as a model, it can be argued that a multi-faceted approach that includes attitudinal and behavioural changes among the healthcare workers, proactive health and social policy implementation and monitoring, preventive and corrective anti-corruption measures, population control and increased healthcare spending may be needed to address challenges and improve Nigeria's healthcare rating and ranking among countries.
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    Translation and Adaption of Short Version of IQCODE into Hausa and its Psychometric Evaluation among Outpatients Older Adults.
    (The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice., 2021) Adeniji, Tolulope
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    Prospective Associations of Leisure-time Physical Activity with Psychological Distress 3 and Wellbeing: A 12-year cohort study
    (2021) Oyeyemi, Adewale
    Objective: To investigate the associations of leisure-time physical activity with psychological 51 distress and wellbeing, and potential mediators. Methods: We used data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (N=5,197 - 2,688 men), including waves 34y (2004), 42y (2012), and 46y (2016) waves. Participants reported leisure-time physical activity frequency and intensity (exposure) at age 34 (baseline), cognition (vocabulary test), body mass index, disability, mobility and pain perception (potential mediators) at age 42, and psychological distress (Malaise inventory) and wellbeing (Warwick-Edinburgh scale) at age 46. Baseline confounders included sex, country, education, employment status, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, and psychological distress. Main analyses included logistic regression and mediation models. Results: Higher leisure-time physical activity intensity at baseline was associated with lower 6psychological distress at 46y [β: -0.038 (95%CI: -0.069 to -0.007)], but not leisure-time physical activity frequency. Baseline leisure-time physical activity frequency and intensity were 63 associated with higher psychological well-being at 46y [frequency: β: 0.089 (95%CI: 0.002 to 64 0.176); intensity: β: 0.262 (95%CI: 0.123 to 0.401); and total: β: 0.041 (95%CI: 0.013 to 0.069)]. 65 Only body mass index at 42y partially mediated the association between leisure-time physical 66 activity frequency (15.7%) and total leisure-time physical activity (6.2%) at 34y, with 67 psychological wellbeing at 46y. Conclusions: These findings highlight the role of leisure-time physical activity in psychological distress and wellbeing, with greater effect sizes associated with higher frequency and intensity of leisure-time physical activity. Future interventions should consider examining potential mediators of the association of leisure-time physical activity with psychological wellbeing, such as body mass index.
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    Transcranial Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Dementia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials.
    (Nigerian Medical Practitioner,, 2021) Adeniji, Tolulope
    Non-invasive brain stimulation is recently gaining interest in brain modulation but transcranial electrical stimulation is yet to receive wide acceptance as a means of managing dementia among the aged. This study reviewed transcranial electrical nerve stimulation and its effectiveness in managing patient with dementia. The study was carried out over a three months period beginning from April 13th to July 4th, 2020 PubMed, Cochrane, Science direct, Pedro and Google scholar were searched using keywords including “Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation”, “tDCS”, “dementia”, “cognitive impairment”. Separate searches was conducted in the same database by replacing Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS). Out of the search hit of 321, 12 germane studies that met the inclusion criteria were pooled and appraised and information therein was synthesized. Out of the 10 papers on tDCS, 7 are on Alzheimer dementia and 4 of the 7 studies supported its efficacy in Alzheimer dementia with clinically important significant improvement observed in cognitive functions. The prefrontal context is the common stimulation area in managing Alzheimer and other type of dementia using tDCS at a current intensity of 1.5 to 2.0 mA. The other three studies out of the 10 papers on tDCS found improvement in cognitive functions including communicating intention processes in vascular and behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia. One of the two studies on tACS found improvement in biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease at 40Hz (gamma range), and another found improvement in cognitive functions in patients with dementia related to Parkinson's disease at the frequency of 30Hz (Theta range), and this affect is attributable to enhancement in endogenous brain oscillation. This review suggests that Transcranial Electrical Nerve Stimulation is effective in remediating symptoms in mild to moderate dementia as a stand alone or as adjunctive treatment.
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    Learning Styles of Physiotherapy and Medical Students in a Nigerian University.
    (West African Journal of Medicine., 2021-05) Adeniji, Tolulope
    Background: Knowledge of students learning style is important in order for an instructor to be able to determine and select the appropriate teaching techniques for effectiveness and maximized student learning during a class session. Objectives: This study was aimed at exploring the learning preferences of physiotherapy and medical students in a regional university in Nigeria. Methods: A sample of 263 undergraduate physiotherapy and medical students in the clinical phase of their studies at the University of Maiduguri participated in this cross-sectional survey study. The participants completed a two part question-naire. Part I of the questionnaire elicits sociodemographic information such as age, gender and programme and level of study, while part II consists of a 24-item self-administered Learning Style Inventory that elicited information on the students' preferences on learning their subjects. Results: These cohorts of medical and physiotherapy students were evenly divided between visual and auditory learning preferences. While for the medical students, the males tend to be visual learners more frequently than their female counterparts, gender difference in types of learning preference was not observed for the physiotherapy students. Conclusion: This study affirms the heterogeneity in students' learning preferences, and also suggests the need for instructors in health disciplines to always consider blending appropriate voice and audios with pictures, photos and visual effects in other to maximize students learning especially during teaching sessions.
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    Association of Public Physical Activity Facilities and Participation in Community Programs with Leisure-time Physical Activity: does the Association differ according to Educational Level and Income?
    (BMC Public Health, 2022) Oyeyemi, Adewale
    Background: Our aim was to analyze the association of the presence of public physical activity (PA) facilities and participation in public PA programs with leisure-time PA, with an emphasis on the moderating role of educational level and income. Methods: We used data of 88,531 adults (46,869 women), with a mean age of 47.2±17.1y, from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. Leisure-time PA (dichotomized considering 150min/week), the presence of a public PA facility near the household (yes or no), participation in public PA programs (yes or no), educational level (divided into quintiles) and per capita income (divided into quintiles) were all self-reported through interviews. Adjusted logistic regression models were used for the analyses. Results: The presence of public PA facilities near the household and the participation in public PA programs were associated with higher leisure-time PA among all quintiles of income and educational level. However, multiplicative interactions revealed that participating in PA programs [Quintile (Q)1: OR: 13.99; 95%CI: 6.89–28.38 vs. Q5: OR: 3.48; 95%CI: 2.41–5.01] and the presence of public PA facilities near the household (Q1: OR: 3.07; 95%CI: 2.35–4.01 vs. Q5: OR: 1.38; 95%CI: 1.22–1.55) were more associated with higher odds of being active in the leisure-time among the lowest quintile of educational level. Conclusions: The presence of public PA facilities and participation in public PA programs are environmental correlates that may be relevant for designing efective public health interventions to reduce social inequalities in leisuretime PA among adults in low-income areas
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    Physical Activity and Active Transportation Behaviour among Rural, Peri-urban and Urban Children in Kenya, Mozambique and Nigeria: The PAAT Study.
    (PLOS ONE, 2022-01-21) Oyeyemi, Adewale
    Background Physical activity (PA) is associated with numerous health benefits among children and youth. However, few studies have examined how active transportation (AT) and devicebased measures of PA vary within and between countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Purpose This cross-sectional study sought to investigate the prevalence and correlates of AT and device-measured PA among children living in urban, peri-urban and rural areas in three African countries representing Eastern, Western and Southern regions of Africa. Methods 3,205 participants (53.3% girls; 46.7% boys) aged 10–12 years were recruited in Kenya, Nigeria and Mozambique. Data were collected using a child questionnaire, a parent/guardian questionnaire and PiezoRx® pedometers. ANCOVA and binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the correlates of AT and PA while controlling for gender, age, parent education and vehicle ownership. Results Participants accumulated an average of 45.6±23.5 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and 11,215±4,273 steps/day. Kenyan and Mozambican children were significantly more active than their Nigerian counterparts (p<0.001). Only 23% met the MVPA guidelines of 60 min/day. 65.1% of participants engaged in AT to school (and 67.8% for the trip back home) with no gender differences. Living in a rural area, lower parent education, lower vehicle ownership and higher motorcycle ownership were associated with higher odds of AT. Other correlates of AT were country-specific. Girls accumulated less daily MVPA than boys in all countries. MVPA was positively associated with living in less urbanized areas in Nigeria and Mozambique. In Kenya, lower parental education and AT were associated with higher MVPA. Nigerian children’s daily MVPA decreased with age and the number of parent-perceived barriers to AT. Conclusions Majority of children engaged in AT, but still failed to meet MVPA recommendations. Most correlates of AT and PA were country-specific, suggesting that strategies to encourage both behaviours should be informed by local evidence.