Physical Activity and Active Transportation Behaviour among Rural, Peri-urban and Urban Children in Kenya, Mozambique and Nigeria: The PAAT Study.
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Date
2022-01-21
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PLOS ONE
Abstract
Background
Physical activity (PA) is associated with numerous health benefits among children and
youth. However, few studies have examined how active transportation (AT) and devicebased measures of PA vary within and between countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
Purpose
This cross-sectional study sought to investigate the prevalence and correlates of AT and
device-measured PA among children living in urban, peri-urban and rural areas in three African countries representing Eastern, Western and Southern regions of Africa.
Methods
3,205 participants (53.3% girls; 46.7% boys) aged 10–12 years were recruited in Kenya,
Nigeria and Mozambique. Data were collected using a child questionnaire, a parent/guardian questionnaire and PiezoRx® pedometers. ANCOVA and binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the correlates of AT and PA while controlling for gender, age,
parent education and vehicle ownership.
Results
Participants accumulated an average of 45.6±23.5 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and 11,215±4,273 steps/day. Kenyan and Mozambican children were
significantly more active than their Nigerian counterparts (p<0.001). Only 23% met the MVPA guidelines of 60 min/day. 65.1% of participants engaged in AT to school (and 67.8%
for the trip back home) with no gender differences. Living in a rural area, lower parent education, lower vehicle ownership and higher motorcycle ownership were associated with higher
odds of AT. Other correlates of AT were country-specific. Girls accumulated less daily
MVPA than boys in all countries. MVPA was positively associated with living in less urbanized areas in Nigeria and Mozambique. In Kenya, lower parental education and AT were
associated with higher MVPA. Nigerian children’s daily MVPA decreased with age and the
number of parent-perceived barriers to AT.
Conclusions
Majority of children engaged in AT, but still failed to meet MVPA recommendations. Most
correlates of AT and PA were country-specific, suggesting that strategies to encourage both
behaviours should be informed by local evidence.
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Citation
: Wachira L-J, Hayker SO, Larouche R, Oyeyemi AL, Prista A, Owino GE, et al. (2022) Physical activity and active transportation behaviour among rural, peri-urban and urban children in Kenya, Mozambique and Nigeria: The PAAT Study. PLoS ONE 17(1): e0262768