Department of Humanitarian and Development Studies

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Browsing Department of Humanitarian and Development Studies by Author "Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun"

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    21st Century Slavery - A Psychosocial Exploration of Human Trafficking, Migrant Smuggling and Enslavement in Africa
    (IntechOpen Series, 2023-05-23) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    Abstract This paper seeks to investigate human trafficking, migrant smuggling, and enslavement as global phenomena, public health concerns, gross violations of human rights, and crimes against humanity and the state. The twenty-first century slavery revolves around illegal control, including forced labor, debt bondage, forced marriage, slavery and slavery-like practices, and human trafficking. Thus, SDG Targets 5.2 and 8.7 stipulated that immediate and effective measures should be taken by all concerns to eradicate forced labor- end modern slavery, human trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation, as well as to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labor among others. The desktop approach was used to identify the varied forms of these menaces and their perpetrators. A wide range of secondary sources of data in peer-reviewed and edited conference proceedings, workshop proceedings, and published articles in local and international journals were consulted to obtain an in-depth appreciation of the problem being investigated. The paper further highlighted the psychosocial effects of human trafficking, migrant smuggling, and enslavement. The article concludes with recommendations for ending all forms of slavery in the global community in line with the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action.
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    21st Century Slavery: The Various Forms of Human Enslavement in Today's World.
    (IntechOpen, 2024-02-07) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    More than 46 million people are currently victims of 21st-century slavery globally, most of whom are women and children. This book, 21st Century Slavery - The Various Forms of Human Enslavement in Today’s World provides a comprehensive overview of modern-day slavery, also known as contemporary slavery, neo-slavery, institutional slavery, and numerous other terms. It includes eight chapters that highlight human trafficking and explain and explore the act of recruiting, harbouring, transporting, providing, or obtaining a person for compelled labour or commercial sex acts using force, fraud, or coercion. The book discusses the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring, and receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion) for an improper purpose including forced labour or sexual exploitation. It concludes that the world must not accept slavery in the 21st century. This volume is a useful resource on modern slavery for all academics interested in humanitarian and development studies across the globe and to all policymakers and governments of nations who are pushing for the elimination of all forms of slavery in their nationhood.
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    Bridging gender equity gap in Africa: A psychohistorical exposition of Efunsetan Aniwura
    (International Journal of Psychology and Counselling. ICEA Building, 17th Floor, Kenyatta Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya., 2010-09-30) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    Abstract Efunsetan Aniwura is an example of an African woman who stood against male chauvinism and gender inequity in her time. She wielded economic power in that she owned her own household full of slaves. As her name depicts “Aniwura” meaning “owner of wealth”, was a woman of wealth and spiritual depth in power and authority. A psycho-historical exposition of her personality will reveal the male chauvinistic character of the African society as well as its traditional role of silencing women in the past. This psycho-historical exposition of the personality of Efunsetan Aniwura will no doubt assist in the creation of enabling environment for the present African women to participate in the national development of low-income earning nations of Africa. Realizing Africa’s androcentric cultural and social leaning, this study will also aid in suggesting some extra and special measures that are required to enhance equitable participation of women in national development. Through the pains and agony of Efunsetan Aniwura, this paper identifies the root of gender inequity and discusses issues relating to gender equity in national development in Africa. It suggests practical approaches to equitable participation of women in nation building Key words: Bridging, gender, equity gap, psycho-historical exposition, Efunsetan Aniwura.
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    Efunsetan Aniwura: A Psycho-Historical Exploration of Women’s Psychopathology.
    (2014-04) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    Abstract—The psycho-social impact of childlessness and the patriarchal nature of the African society on women has been greatly undermined in literature. Factors influencing such impact borders on gender roles and preference of male child over female, so much so that the traditional African woman's human rights has been greatly infringed upon. Efunsetan Aniwura is an example of such African women who stood against male chauvinism and gender inequity in her time. She wielded economic power and owned a household full of slaves. As her name depicts “Aniwura” meaning “owner of Gold”, was a woman of wealth and spiritual depth in power and authority. This study adopted a psycho-historical exploration of oral and written records on the mental health impacts of patriarchy and male chauvinism on women's psychosocial well-being in Africa with a focus on the traditional Yoruba Society in Nigeria. Psycho-historical exploration of the African society and its traditional role of silencing women in the past is rare. This method will no doubt assist in the creation of enabling environment for further research focusing on women’s psychopathology in Africa. It is however not a justification of the terrible acts of despotic leaders, but a mental health case presentation. Index Terms—Psychopathology, psycho-historical exploration, Efunsetan Aniwura.
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    Family Therapy-Recent Advances in Clinical and Crisis Settings
    (IntechOpen Series, 2023-10-25) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    Family Therapy - Recent Advances in Clinical and Crisis Settings explores the processes and practices of family systems therapy as conducted in humanitarian situations across the globe. It provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art, innovative advances in family counselling and psychotherapies for families and couples in humanitarian crises, conflicts, and disasters. It also reviews recent advances in strengths-based therapies and contemporary models such as solution-focused, narrative, and conversational therapies for family relationships. It is a useful resource for a wide range of readers, including professionals, clients and patients, policymakers, decision-makers in healthcare delivery, and representatives of public and private health insurance schemes.
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    Gender Differences in Sickle Cell Crises: Implications for Genetic Counselling and Psychotherapy
    (LONGDOM GROUP SA, Avenue Roger Vandendriessche, 18, 1150 Brussels, 2013) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    Abstract Painless and painful crises are common phenomena in sickle cell crises. People with Sickle Cell Disorder (SCD) do experience both chronic and acute pain throughout life. The painful crisis is unpleasant with wide variation in intensity, quality, duration and persistence. It accounts for over 60% of hospital admissions in any given year of persons affected with SCD. Little attempt has been made to survey gender differences in frequency and intensity of pain as well as types of crises often experience by individuals suffering SCD. Thus researches focusing on gender differences in SCD crises are rear despite the fact the two men often report lower pain thresholds, higher pain ratings, and lower to lerance for pain. Men affected by SCD also experience low nitric oxide. Psychologically, women experienced high level of anxiety over pregnancy related crises. Thus, limited understanding and awareness exists among mental health practitioners on the need for genetic counseling and about the psychotherapeutic management of painful crises in persons affected by SCD. Hence, the need for this research that attempt to examine the differences in crises as well as proffer solutions for the genetic and mental health implications of these disorders < Keywords: Sickle cell disorders, Genetics, Counselling, Psychotherapy
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    Genetic Counselling and Logotherapy: Implications for Psychotherapists Interested in Genetic Disorders.
    (Global Journals® Headquarters, 945th Concord Streets, Framingham Massachusetts, Pin: 01701, United States of America., 2012-01-15) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    Keywords: Genetic Counselling, Genetic Disorders, Logotherapy, Psychotherapists Abstract This paper examines the relevance of genetic counseling and logotherapy in the management of somatogenic and noetic dimensions of psychopathologic disorders among individuals living with heritable disorders such as diabetics sickle cell disorders cystic fibrosis cancer or down syndrome Individuals with genetic disorders often experience meaninglessness feelings of worthlessness alienation deep sited anxiety and depression due to recurrent painful crises and uncertainty of their ability to survive the next crisis Such individuals often depend on drug therapy for the amelioration of their painful somatic condition without considering the option of psychotherapy The study suggests that Frankl s logotherapy could be used to restore a sense of meaning to replace feelings of worthlessness and alienation anxiety and depression in these individuals It also suggests that genetic counseling could be used to determine how genetic conditions run in families and to help a person or family understand their risk for heritable conditions educate the person or family about that disease and assess the risk of passing those diseases on to their children It also highlights some implications for psychotherapists
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    Indicators of Social Vulnerability and Sustainable Development.
    (2014) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    The fragility of the human condition in relation to disaster centres on the idea that disasters are simply unavoidable extreme physical events produced by the complex mix of social, political, and economic forces that produce vulnerability of people to hazardous environments. Depending on the nature of the hazard and the socio-cultural context, different groups are more vulnerable than others. Important here is the focus on human agency as expressed in culturally reinforced social practice. That is, the specific things people do, situated in time and space, affect their vulnerability to various kinds of natural hazards. Therefore, in order to effectively address issues of sustainable development in areas that are susceptible to disaster there is the need for the identification of factors that are indicative of social vulnerability (SV) in such societies. Hence, the need for this paper, which examines the indicators of social vulnerability and sustainable development in developing areas like Nigeria susceptible to disaster.
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    Introduction to Feminist Thinkers.
    (Malthouse Press., 2021) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    The root of male dominance and prejudices against women dates back to biblical narrative where the fall of man is blamed on Eve, not Adam. As early as the fourth century BC, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 – 322 BC) claimed that “women were women by virtue of a certain lack of qualities” and that “The man is by nature superior, and the female inferior; and the one rules and the other is ruled.” According to Simone de Beauvoir (1973) and Millet (1970) males considered female “the other” sex. Generally, feminism is a global response to society’s wide-ranging traditions and practices that make women subservient to men. Before the emergence of feminism in the 18th century, women were treated as objects and passive agents in a male world; and were subjected to various forms of overt and implicit discrimination.
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    Introductory chapter: Family Therapy - Recent Advances in Clinical and Crisis Settings.
    (2023-10-25) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    Promoting recent advances in family therapy for the psychosocial strengthening of bonding, cohesion, healing, and behavior modification in response to adversity in clinical settings is a burning global public and mental health concern. Families are an important part of the social fabric and support system as well as an integral part of the psychological treatment and therapeutic processes involved in the management of individuals with mental illness potentially induced by traumatic events such as the loss of loved ones, disasters, accidents, addiction, and other causes. Family reactions and dysfunctional responses to disastrous events and catastrophes may induce the risk of anxiety, depression, distress, trauma, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and emotional and behavioral problems in individuals and may also lower the capacity for resilience and adjustment
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    Pathological basis of symptoms and crises in sickle cell disorder: implications for counseling and psychotherapy
    (PAGEPress, Italy, 2010-04-13) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    Abstract Sickle Cell Disorder (SCD) is a congenital hemoglobinopathy. There is little in literature regarding the psychological variables affecting individuals living with SCD and all of the significant people around them. There are also limited numbers of trained clinical psychologists and genetic counselors to cater for the psychotherapeutic needs of individuals living with SCD. Even among those who have been trained, only a few might have fully grasped the complexities of the disease pathology. Early understanding of its pathological nature, sources, types, complications, pathophysiological basis, and clinical severity of symptoms among clinical psychologists, genetic counselors and psychotherapists, as well as general medical practitioners, could guide them in providing holistic care for dealing with and reducing pain among individuals living with SCD. It could allow risk-based counseling for families and individuals. It could also justify the early use of disease-modifying or curative interventions, such as hydroxyurea (HU), chronic transfusions (CTs), or stem-cell transplantation (SCT) by general medical practitioners. Hence, the need for this paper on the pathophysiology of SCD. Keywords: counseling and psychotherapy.; implications; pathology; sickle cell disorder.
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    Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and Stem Cell Therapy (SCT): Implications for Psychotherapy and Genetic Counseling in Africa.
    (IntechOpen Limited, The Shard, 25th floor, 32 London Bridge Street, London, SE19SG - UNITED KINGDOM2013, 2013-02-13) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    Sickle Cell Disorder (SCD) is an inherited disease of red blood cells which has no widely available cure (Bernaudin, Socie, Kuentz, et al., 2007). While current medical therapies can make a significant difference in short-term effects (i.e. to relieve pain symptoms, prevent infections and manage complications such as eye damage, and strokes; and control complications), the progressive deterioration in organ function results in increased mortality and decreased quality of life among affect persons in Nigeria. Presently, blood and bone marrow stem cell transplant appear to be the only viable option for its eliminating. This option is hugely expensive and unaffordable for the vast majority of the affected Nigerian families since most of them could barely provide for the general routine medication therapies of the patient. Little attention is being given to the management of this disorder in Nigeria as compared to diseases such as malaria and polio myelitis. Institutional research attention and international funding support towards the search for ways to predict the severity of and for curative therapies of this disorder are also limited in Africa.
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    What is Cross-cultural Research?
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education. 1120 Finch Avenue West, Suite 701-309, Toronto, ON., M3J 3H7, Canada., 2009-12) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    Abstract This paper discusses the major principles and methods of cross-cultural research, particularly how to test hypotheses on worldwide samples of cultures. The major purpose of this presentation is to encourage an increase in cross-cultural research by showing that it is not hard to do.
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    Workplace Mentoring : Learning and Developmental Approaches
    (Ife PsychologIA, an International Journal of Psychology in Africa., 2011-01-01) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    Abstract This paper views mentoring in organizations, large and small, as a viable vehicle for effective management of employees' capabilities, time, and talents as well as a tool for grooming junior employees for future leadership roles. It stated that these will require leaders in human resource setting to adopt learning and developmental approaches to mentoring. The paper also presents some types of mentoring as their advantages.
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    Xenophobic attacks and other violence in South Africa: A challenge to world peace
    (IFE-PsychologIA, 2008-10) Ilesanmi, Oluwatoyin Olatundun
    Escalation of xenophobic attacks and other violence and its impact on world peace is a relevant and contemporary issue in South Africa's democratic history. Safeguarding world peace and promoting the common development of mankind constitute the two cardinal tasks endowed by the United Nations' “Charter. Basically, Article one (1) of the human rights laws state that ‘all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood” (Banning, Sepúlveda, Gudmundsdottir & Chamoun, 2004). Hence, the need to search for stable peace and development in the world. Stable peace is the type of peace that brings development, security and happiness to the citizens of the world. However, this is being threatened globally due to various forms of conflict and violence such as the xenophobic attacks in South Africa. The search for stable global peace in this millennium implies serious attempt to eliminate the grinding poverty and ignorance among others. Stable peace and security can only be achieved by people and groups if they do not deprive others of it; this can be achieved if security is conceived as a process of emancipation (Wheeler and Booth in Baylis, 2001, p 300,). This is also noted in Article three (3) of the Human Rights Laws: “Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.” This paper is interested therefore in showing xenophobic attacks and other violence in South Africa as barriers or obstacles to achieving peace in the world. It recommended religious preaching and psychotherapy amongst other things for stemming the sadistic tide that is spreading across South Africa against migrant workers from neighbouring African countries and the rest of the world.