Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences

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Assessment of Work-Life Balance, Job Addiction and Mental Health Status of Practicing Nigerian Nurses.
(KIU Journal of Social Sciences, 2019) Onisile, Deborah
This study examined the work-life balance, job addiction and mental health status of nurses serving in Osun State, Nigeria. Six hundred and fifty questionnaires were sent out, response rate was 69.2% (450) and three hundred and fifty-seven (55%) (357) were valid. Hence, a total number of three hundred and fifty-seven (357) nurses made up of male (17.9%) and female (82.1%) was purposively selected from various hospitals in Osun State and responded to the Work-life balance scale (WLB), Work addiction inventory (WAI) and Illness Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ). Descriptive statistics (frequency count and percentages) were used to describe participants‘ demographic characteristics, while inferential statistics (simple linear regression and Pearson moment correlation analysis) were used to test the hypotheses.The prevalence of work-life balance was 30% of pathological level, job addiction at 14.8%, disease conviction 30%,irritability 50.7%, general hypochondriasis 39.5%,somatic perception 31.9%,affective disturbance 42.6%, affective inhibition 33.6%, denial problem 31.7% and general illness reaction 47.1%. Work-life balance was observed to significantly predict illness behavior and job addiction significantly predicts illness behavior of nurses serving in Osun state. Based on the findings, it is recommended that a healthy work life balance should be encouraged among nurses and stress coping skills be taught in other to ensure a positive mental health status
Associations and Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, Perceived Vulnerability to Disease and the Fear of COVID-19 among Nigerian Healthcare Workers
(Archives of Paediatric Infectious Disease, 2021-08-22) Onisile, Deborah
Health care workers are frontline staff in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. To win this fight, their mental wellness cannot be overemphasized. This study assesses Anxiety and Depression severities, perceived vulnerability to diseases, and their link with the fear of COVID-19 among Nigerian Healthcare Workers (HCWs). A purposefully selected sample of 413 healthcare workers from two tertiary health care institutions in Benin City, Edo State, South-South Nigeria responded to the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale. A high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and perceived vulnerability to diseases was observed. Perceived infectability (β = .244, p = .000) and germ aversion (β = .166, p = .000) and composite PVD (β = .96, p = .000) were found to predict Fear of COVID-19 independently and significantly, reporting 7.5%; 3.3% and 9.9% variance in the severities of Fear of COVID-19, respectively. Anxiety and depression showed a significant joint prediction of Fear of COVID-19 severity, accounting for a 4.0% variance in the severity. Fear of COVID-19 was not found to be influenced by sex or job type difference among the HCWs. There is a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 among Nigerian HCWs. These reported symptoms of psychopathology are also strong independent and joint predictors of fear of COVID-19.
Comparison between Cognitive Behaviour, Rational Emotive Behavior and Meseron Therapy
(International Journal for Psychotherapy in Africa, 2018) Onisile, Deborah
This paper is a comparison between Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Meseron Therapy. The three are very effective cognitive therapies used in clinical psychology practice. Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy [REBT] was developed by Albert Ellis based on the rationale that irrational thinking is the root cause of psychological disturbances. Cognitive behavior therapy by Aaron Beck posits that how individuals view situations may result in psychological disturbances, while Meseron Therapy by Alfred Awaritefe postulates that psychological disturbances arise as a result of faulty speaking as seen in the distortion of our appraisal mechanism, acquiescing to negativity and incongruence of striving and goals. This paper attempts to further explain each therapy in detail.
Cross- sectional community- based Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Tuberculosis in Osun State, South-West, Nigeria
(Health & Social Care in the Community, 2022) Onisile, Deborah
Tuberculosis (TB) has continued to be a global public health issue, especially in developing countries, where Nigeria accounts for 4% of the global TB burden. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards TB of the residents of two communities affected by the TB scourge in Osun State, Nigeria. An interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO-KAP study guide was employed, and the data generated were analysed using the SPSS statistical package. A total of 280 respondents participated in the study comprising 162 (57.9%) males and 118 (42.1%) females, a large percentage of the respondents (273/97.5%) know about TB and know that anybody can be infected (63.6%). However, in this study, we obtained the following KAP scores: overall good knowledge of TB: 60% (Iwo- 54.7% and Ikire-65.2%), overall good attitude towards TB: 50% (Iwo- 53.3% and Ikire- 46.7%) and overall good TB preventive practices 65.2% (Iwo- 66.6% and Ikire- 63.8%). Ikire respondents were significantly more knowledgeable than Iwo respondents (p = .002), while Iwo respondents had better TB attitudes than Ikire respondents (p = .03). Predictors of good KAP scores were accommodation type, education, age and main source of income of respondents. This study assessed the level of community TB-KAP and reinforced the need for a more robust awareness campaign for better TB health service utilisation.
Effect of Parental Bonding on Use of Over-The-Counter Drugs among In-School Adolescents in Osogbo Local Government Area, Nigeria
(Journal of Nigerian Psychological Association, 2020) Onisile, Deborah
The study examined the effect of Parental bonding on the Use of over the counter drugs among In-School-Adolescents in Osogbo Local Government Area, in Osun State. The survey employed a survey research method using ex-post factor design to collect data from five middle schools in the metropolis where a total of Five Hundred and Thirty-Nine (539) adolescents were purposively selected. Two Psychological instruments were used (Parental Bonding Scale, Self-Medication Test, SMT). Data gathered were analyzed with both descriptive and influential statistics. Eight hypotheses were tested using simple linear regression, one-way ANOVA at 0.05% level of significance. The findings from the result revealed that maternal over protection independently and significantly predicts Use of OTC drugs among participants [F (1, 360) = 10.91, p = 0.001]. However, maternal care, paternal care, paternal over protection, parent’s religious affiliation, nature of parent’s job and parent’s marital status, did not independently or significantly predict Use of OTC drugs among the participants. Based on this finding, it is recommended that every opportunity to reach out to parents especially mothers should be used (such as Parents Teachers Association Meetings, Religious fora and the Media) to sensitize mothers on what constitutes over protection and the need to avoid it or minimize it in parenting their children.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Social Skills Training in Management of Conduct Disorder
(South African Journal of Psychiatry, 2022) Onisile, Deborah
This study examined the efficacy of two psychobehavioural strategies to manage conduct disorder (CD) amongst in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of adolescents with CD was performed. Sixteen participants (aged 12–17 years) who reported high CD from an assessment of 1006 in-school adolescents of selected secondary schools in Ibadan were randomly grouped to receive either cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), social skills training (SST) or combined CBT and SST. The Frequency of Delinquent Behaviour Scaling Instrument (FDBSI) was used for assessments. Significant reduction in CD was observed among participants exposed to CBT at 8 weeks, SST at 8 weeks, and combined CBT and SST at the 6 week mark of interventions respectively. From the study, CBT and SST were found effective in managing CD. However, the combined psychobehavioural intervention of CBT and SST was more effective in managing CD based on a faster therapeutic effect than the independent psychobehavioural intervention of CBT and SST.
Factors Influencing Standard Precaution Practices among Nurses In Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
(African Journal of Health, Nursing And Midwifery, 2021) Onisile, Deborah
Nurses are known to be at the frontline of risks to many occupational hazards within health care system. These hazards include exposure to infections that may arise from injuries from sharps and contact with body fluids.Standard precautions involve infection control techniques against contacting pathogenic microorganisms which can cause diseases in humans. This study assessed the factors influencing practice of standard precautions among Nurses in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria. This study involved a descriptive cross-sectional study, which was carried out among 305 Nurses in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. A self-structured questionnaire was implored for this study and consent of the respondent was soughted.The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. The research questions were answered using descriptive statistics of mean score, frequency and percentage.The mean age of the respondents was 41.64±10.1years and many (68.5%) had more than 10 years of work experience. The study revealed a high level of knowledge and positive attitude towards standard precaution among Nurses. The mostly reported factor influencing the practice of standard precautions were due to the unavailability of personal protective equipment (PPE) (92.1%), followed by the lack of regular training on standard precautions (91.1%). Majority ofthe respondents had high levels of knowledge and positive attitude towards standard precaution. There is need for continuing sensitization and monitoring of standard precaution practices among Nurses in order to sustain the high levels. The study recommends that health care institutions should ensure the availability of PPE to ensure practice of standard precautions and there should be regular in-service training on standard precautions.
Meseron Therapy and Christian Counselling: A Synergy
(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2020) Onisile, Deborah
Christian Counselling (CC) is the practice of talking with individuals, couples, and families to increase their understanding of emotional and religious conflicts and to help resolve problems using Christian religious injunctions and other related resources. Meseron Therapy (MT) was developed in accordance with the Nigerian belief in the power, potency and meaning of spoken words and its consequences. MT entails rejecting negativities and accepting the positives, with the techniques of MT reflecting a cognitive orientation. MT and CC approaches have several common grounds. The basic assumptions of MT such as the power of the spoken words to sensitize action, the ignition of man’s inherent potential for change, replacement of a negative status quo with constructive actions and the view of man as a striving creature all have Biblical support. Also, MT’s views on human nature and the causes of psychological disturbance agree with Christian teachings and beliefs. Application of Meseron therapeutic techniques and procedures to CC can be done by using Biblical teachings to enable clients sustain good health, encouraging the good use of endowments, assisting client in mental restructuring through motivation to strive, building and encouraging possibility thinking, enabling the clients to reject distractions from goal accomplishments and getting clients to say it right and synergize their thoughts, words and actions
Overlapping Stigmas as Predictors of Attitudes towards People Living with HIV/AIDS among Youth Healthcare Professionals in Nigeria
(Ife Social Sciences Review, 2021) Onisile, Deborah
Living with HIV is often connected with some overlapping experiences that are stigmatizing and could aggravate attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study examined the influence of overlapping stigmas (homophobia, ethnic discrimination, sexism, injection drug use, and sex work) on the attitude towards PLWHA of serving healthcare professionals in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) Nigeria. NYSC members comprised fresh Nigerian graduates of tertiary institutions who were 30 years and below on mandatory service to the nation. NYSC members totaling 325 participants responded to structured psychological scales. This study utilized a survey research design and employed appropriate statistical analysis such as regression. The results revealed that overlapping stigmas jointly accounted for (55.1%) of the total variation in Attitude towards PLWHA. All the overlapping stigmas significantly correlated with Attitude towards PLWHA. The implication of the findings was discussed in line with the decline of HIV/AIDS and implementation of the agenda of Sustainable Development Goals
Parental Factors as Determinants of Conduct Disorder among In-School Adolescents in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2021) Onisile, Deborah
This study was carried out to observe the link between parental factors and Conduct Disorder (CD) among Nigerian school adolescents. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted for the study where multi-stage sampling techniques led to selecting 1006 participants (mean age = 15.4 years) from six secondary schools in Ibadan, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria. Participants responded to Socioeconomic Status (SES) scale, the Parenting Styles Scale (PSS) and Frequency of Delinquent Behaviour Scaling Instrument (FDBSI). A high prevalence of CD was observed. We also observed that parenting styles significantly influenced conduct disorders. Responsive parenting is not a sig nificant predictor of CD, while control parenting significantly predicted CD. Parental occupation significantly influenced CD, with formal occupation types having higher mean scores for both fathers and mothers. Finally, there was a significant influence of socioeconomic status on conduct disorder among the participants. Findings concluded that there is a high prevalence of conduct disorder. Authoritarian and uninvolved parents with formal occupa tion and families with higher socioeconomic status were conduct disorder determinants among adolescents.
Parenting Styles as Determinants of Psychopathological Symptoms among Nigerian In-School Adolescents
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2021) Onisile, Deborah
This study investigated the influence of parenting styles on psychopathological symptoms among in-school adolescents in Ogun State, South-western Nigeria. It utilized a cross-sectional survey design method. One thousand and twenty-eight (1028) in-school adolescents were drawn from ten secondary schools, and these responded to the Awaritefe Psychological Index (API) Form X, and the Scales for Parenting Style (SPS). A 52.1% prevalence of psychopathological symptoms was reported by the authors. Responsive and control dimension of parenting style was observed to jointly predict psychopathological symptoms. Gender and types of family also had a significant influence on psychopathological symptoms. Participants from polygamous family setting reported higher psychopathological symptoms than those from polygamous family settings. A balance between the control parenting style and the responsive parenting style was recommended.
Psychoactive Substance and Psychopathological Symptoms among Nigerian Secondary Schools Adolescents
(International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, 2019) Onisile, Deborah
This study examined the influence of psychoactive substance use on psychopathological symptoms among secondary school adolescents in Ede, Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. In this cross-sectional survey design four hundred and ninety-six (496) secondary school adolescents (mean age 15.7 years) were purposively selected from five secondary schools in Ede metropolis. Substance Abuse Inventory (SABI) and Awaritefe Psychological Index (API Form-X) were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Four hypotheses were tested using a Regression Analysis, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Independent Sample t-test and at 0.05% level of significance. The result showed a high prevalence of psychopathological symptoms among the participants. Psychoactive substance use was observed to jointly and significantly predict psychopathological symptoms. Sex has significant influence on manifested psychopathological symptoms with female adolescents reporting higher mean scores on insomnia, intellect disorder, heat disorder, mood disorder, alimentary track disorder and general psychopathology. Age was observed to be inversely correlated with psychopathological symptoms. Significant difference was found between drug users and non-user on severities of psychopathological symptoms. This research finding indicated a high prevalence of psychopathological symptoms. Also that the use psychoactive substance was significantly linked the psychopathological symptoms and that age of involvement in psychoactive substance is also a significant risk factor for psychopathology among adolescents.
Psychometric Properties of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) on Young Nigerian People
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2022) Onisile, Deborah
A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to validate the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) on Nigerian university undergraduates. A multistage sampling technique was used to purposively select 1338 (mean age ± SD 19.86 ± 2.95) participants made up of 512 (38.3%) male, and 826 (61.7%) were female. Participants were drawn from four selected universities in Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. Participants responded to the Difficul ties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Structured Interview for Disorders of Extreme Stress (SIDES) Affect Dysregulation Scale. Observed internal con sistency of DERS showed a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .90, a Spear man-Brown coefficient of .80 and Guttman Split-Half coefficient of .80. The items that measure awareness of emotion had a weak corrected item-total correlation and did not discriminate well. A significant positive correlation was observed between DERS and SIDES, revealing a correlation coefficient validity score of (r = .622, p = .000). The DERS has acceptable psychometric properties for the Nigerian population. Observed gender-based norms were ≥113.15 and ≥114.07 for male and female respectively. DERS is found to be gender-sensitive. A re-work or expunging of the items measuring awareness to fit with the construct of emotional regulation was recommended.
Psychosocial Correlates of Depression among Apprentice Artisans in Nigeria
(Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 2022-05) Onisile, Deborah
The paper examines the psychosocial correlate of depression among artisans in Nigeria. The research method adopted for this quantitative research was a cross-sectional design. A total number of five-hundred and seventeen (N=517) male automobile apprentice artisans were selected using a multistage sampling which included a purposive sampling procedure to select the local Government Area for the study, and simple balloting was adopted to select the six LGAs out of the thirty under the three senatorial districts in Osun state, Nigeria. The instruments adopted for this study are Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES), Burnout Questionaire (BQ) and depression scale for apprentice (Apprentice Depression Scale). The hypotheses were formulated using a correlation matrix and hierarchical multiple regression. The hypothesis were tested to find out the significant influence of burnout and self-esteem on depression among apprentice artisans in Osun state .The study established that burnout and self-esteem significantly predict depression among apprentice artisans in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Retirement Anxiety: A Psychological Trauma for Selected Head Teachers in Ogun State.
(National Association of Clinical Psychologists, 2017-05) Onisile, Deborah
Retirement is usually a period of significant changes in the lives of public servants. This study investigated school head teachers and illness behaviours. A total of 501 participants were purposively selected. The result revealed a high rate of retirement anxiety and was found to significantly predicts illness behaviour.
Self-Medication with Over-the-Counter and Prescription Drugs and Illness Behavior in Nigerian Artisans
(International Journal of High Risk Behav Addict, 2021-04-05) Onisile, Deborah
This paper examined Self-Medication (SM) with Over-the-Counter and Prescription Drugs and Illness Behavior in Nigerian Artisans. In this cross-sectional survey, a multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 186 participants from the Ede community of Osun State, South western Nigeria. The artisans responded to the self-medication test (SMT) and Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ). The authors reported a 47.8% prevalence of Self-Medication, SM was also observed to independently and significantly predict disease conviction, psychological/ somatic perception, general illness reaction, and general illness behaviour of the participants. The findings of this paper revealed the need for an increase in public enlightenment, awareness, and sensitization among artisans on ills of SM. Psycho-education among this vulnerable group was also recommended for artisians with severe illness behaviour.
The Use of African Proverbs to motivate Clients In Meseron Therapy
(International Journal for Psychotherapy in Africa, 2018) Onisile, Deborah
African proverbs use metaphors for practical living and for dissemination of wisdom intricately woven in conversations to accomplish acts which cannot be realized by ordinary words. Believed as handed down from the ancestors African proverbs are highly esteemed. Meseron therapy draws on African belief in the potency of the spoken words, affirming that people have psychological problems because of faulty speaking. That what we say or what is said about us affects our thought and behaviour. To correct the psychopathology, Meseron theorizes “saying it right” (rejecting wrong unwholesome words) taking covert actions at the level of thought and overt actions in form of words and deeds. To motivate clients Meseron therapists can incorporate some salient attributes of African proverbs such as their embedded expression of conventional truth which clients easily identify with without doubt when used by therapists, their brevity and easy to remember and understand nature which can influence clients perceptive capacity, appeal to their reasoning, and make them see self defeatist words as abnormal and pathological. Qualities such as availability, strong tool of persuasion, having a base of practical experience, common sense, intellectual richness worth listening to and obeying, make African proverbs a veritable tool in Meseron approach
Validation of Burnout Questionnaire among Automobile Apprentice Artisans in Osun State Nigeria.
(African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, 2022) Onisile, Deborah
A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to validate the Burnout Questionnaire (BQ) on Nigerian automobile apprentice artisan. A multistage sampling technique was used to purposively select 150 (mean age ± SD 21.4±3.6). A total of 150 male participants were drawn from selected communities in Ede metropolis Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. The participants responded to the Burnout Questionnaire, and the Mashlash Burnout Inventory (MBI). Internal consistency of Burnout Questionnaire showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .83, a Spearman-Brown coefficient of .87 and a Guttman Split-Half coefficient of .74. A significant positive correlation was observed between Burnout Questionnaire and MBI, revealing a correlation coefficient validity score of (r = .690, p= .001). The Burnout Question has acceptable psychometric properties for the Nigerian population. The observed group based norm was ≥ 48.16. Based on the findings, the 17-item of Burnout Questionnaire showed good internal reliability and a valid measure of symptoms of burnout. The authors concluded that Burnout Questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties for the Nigerian population as it fits well to the Nigerian socio-cultural setting as a measure of burnout symptoms.
Validation of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support on Nigerian Female Undergraduates
(Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 2022) Onisile, Deborah
Social support is a vital factor in promoting physical and psychological well-being. The cross sectional survey research design was adopted to validate the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support on Nigerian Female Undergraduates using a sample of 454 Nigerian female undergraduates. Participants responded to the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (shortened version -12 item). The item-total statistics of the scale indicates that all items present good discrimination. Also, the scale's internal consistency among the Nigerian sample reveals positively significant reliability coefficients. Paired with ISEL-Short Form, MSPSS has good concurrent validity. The authors conclude that MSPSS has appropriate psychometric properties for assessing social support in Nigeria and similar cultural contexts.
A validational study of Marital Stress Scale on Married Nurses serving in OAUTHC
(Journal of National Association of Clinical Psychologists, 2018) Onisile, Deborah
Marital stress is something that is tearing many homes apart, marital status is not easy to assess not only because of the divergent view on marital stress but also due to dearth of validated and culture fair assessment tool in Nigeria.The Stockholm’s marital stress scale is a 17 item questionnaire, a likert format of three response categories. The author reported a Cronbach alpha of .77 with no validity information.The purpose of this study is to validate the Stockholm’s Marital Stress Scale (SMSS) on Nigerian married nurses.This instrument is foreign,the authors validation was about twenty (20) years ago and it has not been validated for Nigerian population. These justify the need for re-validation of the scale. Also,this validation is on a specific occupation group (nurses) which the original author did not capture.180 nurses in Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital participated in the study and a survey method was employed in this study. Items 9 and 17 of the original instrument loaded very low and not bench marked and were deleted, the Cronbach alpha for the new version is.863 and the norm is 34.76. Nurses that score above the norm have high marital stress while those that score below the norm have low marital stress. The Stockholms Marital Stress Scale (SMSS) correlates significantly with marital stress inventory (MSI),(rxy (180 = .734, p< .001) and the items- total correlation ranges from .265 ( p< .01) - .764 (p< .001) . Authors conclude that the SMSS provide a brief, valid and reliable measure of marital stress among Nigerian nurses.

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