Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences

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Browsing Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences by Author "Abiola, Temitope"

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    Assessment of the Antidiabetic Potential of the Ethanolic Extract of Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera) Seed in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats.
    (Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 2018-01-19) Abiola, Temitope
    Background: Reports exist of the allopathic use of dates as a hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-diabetic agent. Date palm seed have also been found to be of nutritional and medicinal value Aim: this study was aimed at evaluating the anti-diabetic potential of the ethanolic extract of date palm seed inalloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Proximate composition of date palm seed was determined using standard methods. Ethanolicextract of date palm seed was prepared by crude extraction protocol. The total flavonoids, phenolic contents andtotal antioxidant capacity of the seed extract was determined. Also, the scavenging activity of the extract using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and the reducing power was also evaluated. Thirty wistar ratswere randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Group A was the control group, group B received date palmseed extract only (200 mg/kg bw) i.p, group C, D and E were the diabetic groups that received alloxan (150 mg/kgbw) intra peritoneally; group C was the diabetic control group, group D and group E were treated with glibenclamide(5 mg/kg bw) and date palm seed extract (400 mg/kg bw) intraperitoneally for fourteen days. At the end of the experiment, the lipid profile parameters (HDL, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol and triglyceride) levels were determined fromserum samples of the animals. Levels of glucose and antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA) were also analysed from the serum samples of the experimental animals. Results: Results of proximate analysis revealed fiber to be highest (61.75%), carbohydrate (20.95%), fat(8.55%), moisture (3.40%), ash (2.79%) and protein (2.63%). The total flavonoid and phenolic content of date palmseed was found to be 45.28 ± 0.32 mg/100 g and 28.22 ± 0.43 mg/100 g respectively while the total antioxidantcapacity was 30.11 ± 0.21 mg/100 g. There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the levels of LDL, VLDL,cholesterol, triglyceride and blood glucose with no significant (P>0.05) increase in the HDL of the diabetic treatedgroups as compared to the diabetic control group. A significant (P<0.05) increase was observed in the SOD, CAT,GSH levels while there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the MDA level of the diabetic group treated with datepalm seed extract as compared to the diabetic control group. Conclusion: This study suggests the anti-diabetic potential of date palm seed extract which might be due to itshypolipidemic, hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties
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    Assessment of the Antioxidant Status and Selected Electrolytes Level in Some Nigerian Malarial Patients: A Mini Comparative Study.
    (Biochemistry and Pharmacology: Open Access, 2018) Abiola, Temitope
    Malaria remains an endemic infection which results in nutritional deficiencies. This study was set up to assess the antioxidant capacity and the levels of some selected minerals in the plasma samples of malaria infected individuals. Blood specimens were obtained from ten P. falciparum infected patients and ten healthy individuals using standard clinical procedures. Plasma levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione were determined using standard spectrophotometry methods. Plasma levels of the following electrolytes; calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium were determined using standard atomic absorption spectrometry methods: Results show that there was a significant (p<0.01) decrease in the plasma levels of SOD, CAT and GSH, calcium, magnesium and sodium of P. falciparum infected individuals as compared to P. falciparum free individuals with no significant (p> 0.01) difference in the serum levels of potassium for both. The presence of malaria parasites (P. falciparum) in blood affects the activities of antioxidant enzymes and micro nutrients in patients.
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    Assessment of the Prophylactic Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of Momordica charantia Leaves against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Impairment in Wistar Rats.
    (Biochemistry and Pharmacology: Open Access, 2017) Abiola, Temitope
    Background: Various parts of M. charantia have been reported to possess pharmacological properties againstsome diseases due to its phytochemicals constituents.Aim: This research was aimed at assessing the prophylactic effect of the ethanol extract of M. charantia againstacetaminophen-induced liver damage in Wistar rats.Methodology: A total of sixteen rats were randomly divided into four groups with four rats in each group. Theexperiment spanned through fourteen days. Group 1 served as the control, group 2 received 1500 mg/kg per bodyweight (pbw) of acetaminophen orally throughout, group 3 received 250 mg/kg (pbw) of extract throughout whilegroup 4 received 250 mg/kg (pbw) of extract for six days and thereafter was given 1500 mg/kg (pbw) acetaminophenorally from day 7 to day 14. The biochemical parameters of liver function- aspartate transaminase (AST), alaninetransaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and protein levels were determined. In addition the followingantioxidant parameters- reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured from theserum of experimental animals. Histopathological changes in the liver were also investigated.Results: Results show that the oral pre-treatment with extract of M. charantia (250 mg/kg body weight) revealedsignificant (P<0.05) reduction of serum activities of ALT, AST and ALP. Also, pre-treatment with the extract caused asignificant (P<0.05) increase in total protein and GSH level with a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the MDAcompared to the control group. Histopathological analysis confirmed the amelioration of liver damage and reducedlaceration caused by acetaminophen.Conclusion: This study substantiates the prophylactic activity of M. charantia leaf ethanol extract against liverimpairment which might be attributed to some of its intrinsic phytochemical constituents which possess anti-oxidantactivities.
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    The Effect of Processing on the Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Factors in the Raw, Roasted and Fermented Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Seeds
    (EC Nutrition, 2018) Abiola, Temitope
    Background of study: Processing methods have been known to influence the nutrients and anti-nutrients present in food substances. Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) of the family Maraceae; contains edible seeds which is added to various food recipes. Aim: This study was aimed at determining the effect of processing on the proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors in the raw, roasted and fermented samples of Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds. Methodology: The raw seeds were subjected to fermentation and roasting respectively. The samples were then later dried and milled. The proximate analysis of the raw, roasted and fermented samples was done using standard methods. The levels of the following anti-nutrients: tannin, phytic acid, oxalate, and saponin were determined from the raw, roasted and fermented samples respectively using standard methods. Result: Proximate analysis revealed that the raw sample had the highest CHO (65.31%), followed by fermented (62.75%) and the roasted (61.44%). The roasted sample had the highest protein value of (29.59%) followed by the fermented (26.92%) and the raw (24.90%). Crude fat was highest in roasted (1.68%), followed by the raw (1.63%) and the fermented (1.28%). Ash content was highest in the roasted (3.67%) followed by raw (3.56%) and the fermented (3.35%). However, the moisture content was highest in the fermented sample (3.48%) followed by raw (2.56%) and roasted (2.48%). The roasted samples had the highest percentage reduction in all the anti-nutrients (tannin, phytate, oxalate, saponin) as compared to the fermented sample. Conclusion: Roasted jack fruit seed contains the lowest anti-nutrients and can therefore be incorporated into the diet as a safer nutritional supplement
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    Nutritional Profile and Determination of the Biological Value of the Raw and Cooked Soursop Seeds
    (J Biochem Physiol, 2018-03-20) Abiola, Temitope
    Background of study: Annona muricata (Soursop) seeds have been reported to contain nutrients and other bioactive components and hence utilised as a nutritional medicinal supplement.Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the nutritional profile and the biological value of the raw and cooked soursop seeds. Method: The proximate, vitamin (A, C, E), mineral (Ca, Mg, K, Na,Fe, Cu, Zn), and anti-nutrient (phytae, oxalate, tannin, hydrogen cyanide) composition of the raw and cooked soursop seeds were determined using standard analytical methods. A total of sixteen rats were grouped into four groups with four rats in each. Rats in group 1 were fed on reference protein diet, rats in group 2 were given basal diet, and rats in group 3 were fed on the raw soursop seeds while rats in group 4 were fed on the cooked soursop seeds. The experiment spanned 14 days and the weights of the rats and the amount consumed were monitored daily. Nutritional indices (net body weight, protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein utilization (NPU) and the biological value (BV) were determined. Results: Proximate analysis revealed the protein content of thecooked soursop (9.29%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the raw seed (6.57%); carbohydrate content of cooked seed (47.62%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the raw (43.82%) while the ash and fiber content of the raw seed was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the cooked with a slight variation in the fat content of the raw and cooked seeds. There was a significantly (p<0.05) higher contents of Ca, Mg, K and Na in the raw seed as compared to the cooked sample while there was a significantly (p<0.05) higher content of Fe, Cu and Zn in the cooked seed as compared to the raw. The levels of all the anti-nutrients were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in the raw seed as compared to the cooked seed while there was a significantly (p<0.05) higher contents of vitamin A, C, and E in the raw seeds as compared to the cooked. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the body weight and PER of the animals fed on the cooked seeds as compared to those fed on raw. The TD, NPU and BV values obtained for the cooked soursop seed was higher than that of the raw.
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    Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of the Phytoestrogenic, Hypocholesterolemic and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Sour Sop (Annona muicata) seeds in DMBA-treated Female Wistar Rats
    (Biochemistry and Physiology: Open Access, 2018) Abiola, Temitope
    Background of study: Annona muricata; commonly known as sour sop has been reported to possess ethno medicinal values including anti-tumor and antioxidant activity. Aim: This research was aimed at evaluating the phytochemical composition and the phytoestrogenic, hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant activity of Annona muricata seed extract in 7, 12-dimethylbenzeneanthracene (DMBA) treated female wistar rats. Methodology: Ethanolic extract of A. muricata seed was prepared following crude extraction protocol. Qualitative and quantitative screening for the phytochemical constituents was done using standard methods. A total of thirty rats were randomly divided into six groups with five rats in each group. Group I served as the control group fed on food and water only; group II rats received A. muricata seed extract (200 mg/kg per body weight) intraperitoneally (i.p) daily for two weeks; rats in group III were treated with DMBA i.p (20 mg/kg pbw) twice weekly for two weeks; group IV rats were pre-treated with DMBA (20 mg/kg pbw) i.p for two weeks followed by i.p injection of tamoxifen (20 mg/kg pbw); group V rats were pre-treated with DMBA (20 mg/kg pbw) i.p for two weeks followed by i.p treatment with A. muricata seed extract (100 mg/kg pbw) for two weeks while rats in group VI received i.p injection of DMBA (20 mg/kg pbw) twice weekly for two weeks followed by i.p treatment with A. muricata seed extract (200 mg/ kg pbw) for two weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment. Serum levels of estradiol and cholesterol were determined by standard methods. Levels of antioxidant parameters superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also estimated from the serum using standard methods. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenol (26.74 mg/100 g), tannin (21.95 mg/100 g), flavonoids (27.52 mg/100 g), alkaloid (19.25 mg/100 g) and steroid (20.23 mg/100 g). Results obtained from the serum samples of experimental animals showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the estradiol, SOD and CAT levels while there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in MDA and cholesterol levels of the treated rats as compared to the control groups. Conclusion: The results obtained in the study suggest the phytoestrogenic, hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant activity of A. muricata extract in DMBA-treated rats.
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    Proximate Composition and Glycemic Index of Pupuru Meal: A Staple Cassava Based Diet of Ondo Indigenes.
    (EC Nutrition, 2021) Abiola, Temitope
    Glycemic index (GI) is a parameter commonly used for ranking foods based on their ability to raise the levels of blood glucose. This study was aimed at determining the proximate composition and the glycemic index of Pupuru. Proximate analysis was done using standard methods. A total of eight rats were divided into two groups with four in each. Group 1 was fed on glucose (2g) while group 2 was fed on cooked pupuru (2g). Blood glucose levels were determined at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The area under the curve was determined from a graph of blood glucose level against time using trapezoid method; this was then used in calculating the glycemic index. Pupuru contained carbohydrates (80.67%), protein (5.34%), ash (0.25%), moisture (11.34%), fat (0.65%) and crude fiber (1.67%). The glycemic index of pupuru was estimated to be 86.0% respectively. Pupuru is a high glycemic food attributed to its high carbohydrate content.
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    Proximate Composition, Phytochemical Analysis and in vivo Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Seeds (Punica granatum) in Female Albino Mice.
    (Biochemistry and Pharmacology: Open Access, 2018) Abiola, Temitope
    Background: Pomegranate (Punica granatum) of the Punicaceae family is an ancient fruit which is rich in nutrients and also contains various bioactive compounds adduced to some of its medicinal properties observed in vivo. Aim: The aim was to determine the proximate, phytochemical composition and the antioxidant activity of pomegranate seed extract in female albino rats.Methodology: Crude extraction protocol was done using ethanol. The proximate and phytochemical composition of the seeds was determined using standard methods. Sixteen rats were divided into four groups. Rats in group I served as control, while rats in group II, III and IV received 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg per body weight of P. granatum seeds extract orally respectively for 14 days. Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide (SOD) levels were determined from the serum using standard kits. Result: Proximate analysis shows the contents of moisture (6.84%), ash (1.55%), fiber (27.59%), protein (14.06%), fat (26.03%) and carbohydrate (23.96%). Phytochemical screening reveals the contents of flavonoids (121.22 mg/g), tannins (3.30 mg/g), saponins (12.87 mg/g), alkaloids (1.51 mg/g) and phenols (78.12 mg/g). There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the GSH, CAT and SOD levels of the groups that received the extract, while the highest significance was noted with the group that received the highest dose as compared to the control. Conclusion: The results obtained corroborates the antioxidant activity of the seed which might be due to its high amount of phenols and flavonoids and might be relevant in the prevention and management of oxidative stress-induced diseases