Faculty of Natural Sciences

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Browsing Faculty of Natural Sciences by Author "A Adewuyi"

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    CHARACTERIZATION OF SEED AND SEED OIL OF HURA CREPITANS AND THE KINETICS OF DEGRADATION OF THE OIL DURING HEATING
    (University of Vigo, Faculty of Science, 2009) A Adewuyi
    The seed and seed oil of Hura crepitans were analyzed for proximate composition and physico-chemical characteristics. The seed is a good source of oil and protein; these were found to be 37.78% and 22.20% respectively. The saponification and iodine values suggest the use of this oil in liquid soap, shampoo and oil based ice cream production. The moisture content is also low (3.00%) which indicates the possibility of long shelve-life. The degradation kinetic of the oil was also investigated. The thermal oxidation of the double bonds of the oil showed a first-order thermal oxidation kinetic and the Arrhenius plot yielded a straight line with a slope equivalent to activation energy of 1.989KJ\mol.There is the possibility of considering the seed as feed supplement and its oil for industrial application.
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    Chemically Modified Biosorbents and Their Role in the Removal of Emerging PharmaceuticalWaste in the Water System
    (MDPI, 2020-05-29) A Adewuyi
    Presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PACs) as emerging contaminants in water is a major concern. Recent reports have confirmed the presence of PACs in natural and wastewater systems, which have caused several problems indicating the urgent need for their removal. The current review evaluates the role of chemically modified biosorbents in the removal of PACs in water. Reported biosorbents include plant and animal solid waste, microorganisms and bio-composite. Bio-composites exhibited better prospects when compared with other biosorbents. Types of chemical treatment reported include acid, alkaline, solvent extraction, metal salt impregnation and surface grafting, with alkaline treatment exhibiting better results when compared with other treatments. The biosorption processes mostly obeyed the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm model in a process described mainly by ionic interaction. Desorption and regeneration capacity are very important in selecting an appropriate biosorbent for the biosorption process. Depending on the type of biosorbent, the cost of water treatment per million liters of water was estimated as US $10–US $200, which presents biosorption as a cheap process compared to other known water treatment processes. However, there is a need to conduct large-scale studies on the biosorption process for removing PACs in water.
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    Comparative Study of the Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity of the Essential Oils from the Leaves, Stem Bark and Roots of Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae)
    (Global Science Books, 2009-07-01) A Adewuyi
    The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils (EOs) from Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae) was studied. EO was extracted from the leaves (BUL), stem bark (BUB) and roots (BUR) by hydrodistillation. These were all colorless and soluble in water except for BUB. The EOs were active against Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas mallei. BUB EO had the highest inhibitory zone (40 mm) against E. coli. BUB was also active against all the tested organisms except for P. fluorescens. All the EOs exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the pathogenic microorganisms. They all showed potent cytotoxicity with an LC50 of 85.20 μg/ml (BUL), 70.50 μg/ml (BUR) and 155.10 μg/ml (BUB), which suggests an ethnomedicinal application of these EOs.
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    Kinetics and the effect of refining methods on the physicochemical properties, fat soluble vitamins and nutritional metal content of Hura crepitans oil
    (Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2009-12-30) A Adewuyi
    The effect of three refining methods, viz. alkali refining, degumming and bleaching was investigated on the physicochemical properties, fat soluble vitamins and nutritional metal content of Hura crepitans oil. The processes increased the glyceride content while there was reduction in the nutritional metal content of the oil. The effect of temperature (60-180 °C) and time (upto 90 min) was also considered using the bleaching method with surface active clay and activated charcoal. The adsorption of peroxides was adequately modeled by Arrhenius type of equation and described by the first-order kinetic. The activation energy for bleaching at 120 °C and 45 min was 244.60 cal/mole. Among all the refining methods, bleaching appeared to be the best technique for refining in terms of stability and improvement of physicochemical properties of the H. crepitans seed oil.
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    Kinetics of the effect of bleaching on the characterization, mineral nutrients and fat soluble vitamins of Blighia unijugata bak seed oil
    (University of Vigo, Faculty of Science, 2009-09) A Adewuyi
    THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON THE BLEACHING OF THE OIL FROM BLIGHIA UNIJUGATA BAK WAS STUDIED USING SURFACE ACTIVE CLAY. THE STUDY WAS CARRIED OUT AT A TEMPERATURE RANGE OF 60-180°C OVER A PERIOD OF 0-90 MIN. THE ADSORPTION OF PEROXIDES WAS ADEQUATELY MODELED BY ARRHENIUS TYPE EQUATION AND DESCRIBED BY THE FIRST-ORDER KINETIC. THE ACTIVATION ENERGY FOR BLEACHING AT 120°C AND 45 MIN WAS 136.604 CAL/MOLE FOR AL AND 47.245 CAL/MOLE FOR KL. THE BLEACHING RESULTED IN AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE OIL AS WELL AS REMOVAL OF SOME TRACES OF TOXIC METALS.
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    PRELIMINARY TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND EFFECT OF THE SEED OIL OF HURA CREPITANS AND BLIGHIA UNIJUGATA BAK ON THE LIPID PROFILE OF RAT
    (University of Vigo, Faculty of Science, 2009) A Adewuyi
    A preliminary investigation of the possible toxicity effect of the seed oil of Hura crepitans and Blighia unijugata bak was carried on histopathology, some haematological and biochemical parameters of albino rats. The rats were divided into five groups (A, B, C and D were fed with 5% of the test oils, E served as control without oil and F was fed with 5% of known edible oil) and fed for twelve weeks. The phytochemical screening of these oils reveals the presence of glycoside, steroid and flavonoid. The highest body weight gain was found in the group fed with oil from Blighia unijugata bak (AR). There was a general difference in the weight of the kidney of all the test groups when compared with that of the control. No death or clinical sign of toxicity was observed in any of the groups. The study shows no severe damage to the liver but the possibility of cellular lipotoxicity based on the alteration of the lipid profile
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    The Metal Composition, Proximate Properties and the Effect of Refining on the Physico-Chemical Characterization of Baphia nitida and Gliricidia sepium Seed and Seed Oil
    (Medwell Online, 2009-12-23) A Adewuyi
    The effect of refining methods on the physico-chemical properties of Baphia nitida (BN) and Gliricidia sepium (GS) were examined. The refining methods used include alkali refining, bleaching and degumming treatment. The seeds were also subjected to standard chemical analysis to evaluate their properties. Proximate analysis indicated low moisture content in the 2 seeds. The ash content of BN (2.17±0.10%) was low while that of GS (4.06±0.80%) was slightly higher than the range recommended for compounding of animal feed. The crude protein content (18.72-20.30%) and carbohydrate content (41.58-45.41%) were fairly high. The oil content was appreciably high and the physico-chemical properties showed the free fatty acid value to be 1.50±0.20% in BN which reduced to 0.52±0.10% after bleaching and in GS it was 0.80±0.10% which also reduced to 0.40±0.50% after bleaching. The peroxide values of all the alkali refined oils were higher than that of the crude which shows some level of degradation. Triglycerol was the dominant lipid species in the oils. The refining methods used increased the diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol and triacylglycerol content of the oils while the polar and sterol content reduced. The concentration of the macronutrients were high with K (627.21±0.80 ppm) being the highest in BN. The concentration of the trace metals also differs with Mn (32.30±0.39 ppm) being the highest in GS. The seeds are good sources of oil and minerals and there is the possibility of considering them as feed supplements and their oils in industrial applications. Out of all the refining methods used, bleaching appeared to be the best technique for refining in terms of stability and improvement of physico-chemical properties of the oils.