Department of Medical Laboratory Science
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Browsing Department of Medical Laboratory Science by Author "Alaka Anuoluwapo Abisola"
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- ItemClinical profile, dietary zinc content and lifestyle habits of adult male and female HBSS and HBSC patients.(Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2024) Alaka Anuoluwapo AbisolaObjective: Males and females have been reported to show significant variation with respect to clinical profile of sickle cell disease (SCD) (e.g. cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and chronic end-organ complications). Clinical features of SCD are also influenced by lifestyle and dietary habits. Thus, the study was conducted to examine whether the distributions of other manifestations (e.g. priapism, pain frequency, leg ulcers rates) and habits (lifestyle, dietary) of SCD patients in Osun state, Nigeria are influenced by gender or genotype. Material and methods: Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on age, gender, concoction/herbal preparations, and fruit/vegetable consumption, as well as zinc contents of 24-hour meal recall, physical exercise, lifestyle parameters and clinical profile of SCD. Descriptive (relative frequency) and inferential (Chi-square (χ2) test of independence) statistics were employed. Statistical significant was set at p<0.05. Results and discussion: HbSS rather than HbSC showed higher distributions of pain frequency and more frequent hospitalization rates at p= .001 and p=.001 respectively. There was no significant relationship between hemoglobin genotype and the following variables: leg ulcers, priapism, fruit intake, herb/concoction consumption, 24-hour dietary zinc content. Moreover, all the variables were not influenced by gender not only among HbSS but also HbSC patients. Conclusion: There are indications from data obtained that clinical profile of SCD such as priapism, leg ulcers, high hospitalization rates and pain episodes are present among HbSS and HbSC SCD patients in Osun state Nigeria. Although only pain episodes and hospitalization rates were significantly higher among HbSS than HbSC, for either variable though there was no gender bias in its distribution. Similarly the distributions of other variables (such as exercise, dietary, etc.) for each of SCD (HbSS, HbSC) categories were not influenced by gender.
- ItemEvaluation of Direct Nitrate Reductase Assay for Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Resource - Poor Settings.(International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2019) Alaka Anuoluwapo AbisolaAbstract: Direct Nitrate Reductase Assay (DNRA) was used for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to two front line anti-tuberculosis drugs (Rifampicin and Isoniacid) from 100 Acid fast bacilli smear-positive sputum samples. The DNRA results were compared with the gold standard conventional proportion method (PM). Ninety eight (98) sputum specimens result were comparable with the gold standard. DNRA results were obtained at day 10 for 72 specimens, results for 17 specimens were obtained at day 14, and the results for 9 specimens were obtained at day 18. Thus, 74% of DNRA results were obtained in 10 days. The sensitivities and specificities of DNRA were 100%, 97% and 100%, 99% for Rifampicin and Isoniacid respectively. Positive predictive values were 100% and 93% for Rifampicin and INH respectively while negative predictive values were 97% and 100% for Rifampicin and Isoniacid respectively. NRA has been demonstrated as rapid, accurate, and cost-effective method for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, NRA constitutes a useful tool for detection of tuberculosis drug resistance in low-resource countries.
- ItemInvestigation of parental socioeconomic status as a determinant of dietary habits and disease severity of sickle cell disease children.(International Journal of Biological Research, 2024) Alaka Anuoluwapo AbisolaBackground: Socioeconomic status (SES) impacts dietary choices and poor dietary pattern has been reported to play a role in the etio-pathogenic mechanisms that give rise to various diseases. Objective: The study is designed to explore the relationship between parental SES and both the dietary habits and disease severity markers among sickle cell disease (SCD) pediatric patients. Methods: Participants’ hemoglobin genotypes and hematocrit levels were determined using standard methods. Questionnaire was administered to the participants to obtain information on qualitative parameters. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Significant level was set with P < .05. Results: A high percentage of parents of SCD participants were of medium to high SES [73.33%- HbSC; 64.29%- HbSS]. While the rates of hospitalization of HbSS (92.85%) and HbSC (66.67%) were dissimilar, the rates of patients that had suffered vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) in the last three months prior to the study were comparable [46.67%-HbSC; 53.57%-HbSS]. The daily fruit/vegetable consumption habits of 3 genotypes were poor ranging from 15-25%. The hematocrit levels of the 3 groups were significantly different. Conclusion: The study suggests that high percentage of patients belong to medium-high SES, signifying that educational background of parents did not impact prevalence of the disease.
- ItemNitric oxide and zinc levels in sickle cell hemoglobinopathies: a relationship with the markers of disease severity(Pomeranian Journal of Life Science, 2023) Alaka Anuoluwapo AbisolaIntroduction: Sickle cell disease is a genetically inherited disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Patients with a severe form of the disease present with more complications and end-organ dysfunction. This study is aimed at determining a relationship between 2 biochemical parameters associated with SCD (i.e. NO and Zn) and disease severity markers such as hematocrit, PF and VOC, with the objective of using NO and/or Zn to better understand the gravity of altered processes of SCD. Materials and methods: Ninety-eight adult participants of both sexes were recruited for the study and grouped accordingly as HbAA (control), HbSC and HbSS. Questionnaires provided information on PF, frequency of hospitalization, and clinic attendance. Hematocrit, serum NO and Zn were determined using standard techniques. Data were summarized and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and regression analysis; p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The rates of hospitalization, PF and clinic attendance were higher among HbSS than HbSC. HbAA had significantly higher levels of hematocrit, Zn and NO than HbSS and HbSC. Zinc and hematocrit for HbSS were significantly lower than HbSC but NO was not significantly different. Hematocrit, NO and Zn of patients in steady, VOC and post-VOC states of HbSC and HbSS were significantly different. A significant association was observed between biochemical parameters (NO, Zn) and hematocrit, VOC but not PF. Conclusion: The study suggests that Zn and NO are lower in SCD compared with control and can be affected by the severity of the disease. Therefore, periodic testing of NO and Zn may be beneficial in identifying patients with a higher risk of developing end organ damage.
- ItemSickle Cell Disease Complications and BMI Percentiles of Pediatric Patients.(Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 2024) Alaka Anuoluwapo AbisolaBMI percentile is a good index of nutritional status among pediatric patients. Yet there is a dearth of information about the relationship between this important anthropometric parameter and specific severity indices among pediatric patients. The study is designed to explore the possibility of such a relationship. Methods: Pediatric study participants were divided into test [HbSS, HbSC] and control [HbAA] groups. The questionnaire was administered to obtain information on age, gender, and clinical features of the disease [pain frequency, leg ulcer, priapism]. The anthropometry indices were determined. BMI as well as BMI percentiles were calculated. Data were summarized using relative frequency, mean, and standard deviation while analysis of variance, LSD post hoc tests and Chi-squared tests were used for inferential statistics. Significant levels were set with P < 0.05. Results: There were significant differences in the body weight, height and BMI of HbAA, HbSC and HbSS. The distribution of the BMI percentiles for the three genotypes showed that 5% of HbAA, 20% of HbSC, and 35.7% of HbSS were in unhealthy categories. The occurrence of leg ulcers and priapism among the two SCD genotypes was 0% and 3.57% respectively. The Chi-square tests showed a significant difference between BMI percentiles (X2=72.51; P=<.001) or painful episodes (X2=15.992; P=.003) and hemoglobin genotypes [HbSS, HbSC]. Among SCD patients there was a relationship between BMI percentiles and pain frequency (X2=50.59; P=<.001). Conclusion: The study suggests that SCD impacts BMI percentiles. Also, the frequency of occurrence of priapism and leg ulcers varied widely, indicating that priapism among the SCD patients may be a more common SCD complication than leg ulcer in the region. The fact that there was a higher frequency of pain among HbSS than HbSC suggests a bias in distribution of pain frequency in the 2 hemoglobinopathies.
- ItemZinc and Anthropometry in Sickle Cell Disease: Comparison between Two Genotypes (SS and SC Hemoglobinopathies).(Journal of Integrated Health Sciences, 2022) Alaka Anuoluwapo AbisolaIntroduction: Homozygous rather than heterozygous sickle cell disease (SCD) is considered the more severe form of the disorder. While some markers have been used successfully to distinguish between the two with respect to disease severity, the role of other markers remains either inconclusive (e.g., nitric oxide) or ambiguous (e.g., anthropometry). The objective of the study was to provide information about possible variations in anthropometry and zinc (Zn) levels among SS and SC patients in Osun State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Adult participants enrolled consisted of 34 SS hemoglobinopathy (also known as HbSS); 32 SC hemoglobinopathy (commonly referred to as HbSC) patients and 32 with HbAA as control. Serum Zn estimation was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Anthropometry (body weight, standing height, body mass index [BMI], head and mid‑upper‑arm circumferences [MUACs]) was determined using standard procedures. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All anthropometric parameters were significantly lower for SCD patients compared with control, but only body weight was significantly different when HbSS and HbSC were compared. Serum Zn status of control was higher than those of SCD patients, with HbSS values being more significantly lower than those of HBSC. Among the HbSS as well as HbSC patients, there was a positive correlation between BMI and Zn as well as between HC and MUAC. Conclusion: Results of the study indicate that while the Zn status of HbSS and HbSC were significantly different, most of the anthropometric parameters were not significantly different.