Department of Biological Sciences

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Browsing Department of Biological Sciences by Author "Osho, Adeleke"

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    Essential Oil of Alchonea laxiflora (benth): Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Toxicity Evaluations
    (Letters in Applied NanoBioScience, 2019) Osho, Adeleke
    Alchornea laxiflora belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family has ethnomedicinal applications as antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and anti microbial agent. This present study investigated the spectroscopic, antibacterial, and toxicity profile of essential oil of Alchornea laxiflora (ALEO). The composition of ALEO was detected using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Using agar disc diffusion, the antibacterial activity of ALEO against five clinical isolates: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10872, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was evaluated. The toxicity profile of ALEO was obtained in studies involving Wistar rats. GC-MS analysis identified eight bioactive compounds, mostly fatty acids and their ester derivatives. The FTIR spectrum revealed peaks at 3500-3180 cm‾¹ and 2950-2800 cm‾¹ corresponding to O-H stretch band of alcohol and the C-H stretch of aliphatic alkane, respectively. The highest zone of inhibition diameter was recorded against Bacillus cereus ATCC 10872 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, while the least zone of inhibition was against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. Oral administration of ALEO caused an elevation in Alanine aminotransferase activity. The essential oil of Alchornea laxiflora has potential as an antibacterial. However, the doses used in this study might be slightly hepatotoxic
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    Hydrocarbon Degradation Potentials of Bacterial Species Isolated from Bitumen Contaminated Water and Sediments in Ilubirin, Temidire Camp and Agbabu Communities of Ondo State, South West Nigeria
    (Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary, 2014-06) Osho, Adeleke
    The seepage of bitumen, a natural resource found in abundance in the Nigerian Dahomy belt is gradually becoming a source of concern due to contamination of surface waters and soil. Developing microbial strains that could be useful in restoring contaminated environment is therefore needful. This work was carried out to isolate and identify bacterial species from bitumen contaminated sites in Ondo State, Nigeria. Water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological techniques. Species of bacteria isolated include: Bacillus, Citrobacter, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus. Hydrocarbon degradation was determined using an enrichment medium supplemented with diesel as the sole carbon source over a 14 day period. Growth was monitored by taking pH, optical density at 600 nm, and total viable count (TVC: Cfu/ml) on days one, five, ten and fourteen. Analysis of the results of the hydrocarbon degradation revealed that among the isolates from water sources, Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the greatest ability to degrade diesel while Staphylococccus aureus had the least capacity. Also, among the isolates from sediments, Pseudomonas fluorescens demonstrated the highest degradation ability while Flavobacterium had the least ability to degrade hydrocarbon. The results from this study reveal the potentials of some of the isolates to degrade hydrocarbon. Further genetic work can be done on the isolates in order to develop models that can be useful in effective bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated sites.
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    Volatile Composition of the Leaf, Flower and Fruit of Cordia sebestena (L.)
    (Taylor & Francis, 2015-09-07) Osho, Adeleke
    The volatile composition of the essential oils obtained through hydrodistillation from the leaf, flower and fruit of Cordia sebestena (L.) of Nigerian origin, was determined by GC-MS analyses. A total of 61 compounds were identified in the three samples, while three were unidentifiable. Bioactive compounds such as nerolidol (2.3 %), farnesyl acetate (4.9 %) and 4-pentenylbutanoic acid ester (12.2 %) were found uniquely in the fruit while hemimellitene (2.6 %), D-limolene (1.5 %) and 1,2-dihydro-1,1,6-trimethylnaphthalene (4.5 %) were detected only in the flower and p-vinylguaiacol (1.4 %), Cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2]cyclohepten-3(3aH)- one, 1,2,3b,6,7,8- hexahydro-6,6-dimethyl (1.1 %) and citronellyliso-butyrate (0.7 %) in the leaf. Squalene and phytol were found in the leaf and fruit at significant concentrations but were not detected in flower. The essential oil from Cordia sebestina is a potential source of pharmacologically important natural products.