Chemical Profile, Antioxidant and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Leaves Extracts of Annona muricata: A Combined In vitro and In silico Study
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Date
2022
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Letters in Applied NanoBioScience
Abstract
Leaves of Annona muricata are commonly used for treating diabetes. This study was
conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the antidiabetic properties of leaves of
Annona muricata. Leaves of Annona muricata were extracted separately with H2O, hydromethanol
(50% methanol), methanol, ethylacetate, and n-butanol. Chemical characterization of the extracts was
performed by spectrophotometry and Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques.
Biological activity was determined by α-amylase inhibition assays and molecular docking. The
hydromethanol extract had a total phenolics concentration of 117.00±0.59 µg GAE/mg extract whereas;
flavonoids were most abundant in the n-butanol extract accounting for 29.34±8.87 µg QE/mg extract.
The n-butanol extract had the best FRAP value of 41.17±0.57 Vit C eqv mM, which was significantly
higher than the value of the vitamin C reference. Estimated IC50 for all the extracts did not differ
significantly but was significantly higher than the reference compound quercetin. All extracts inhibited
α-amylase in vitro albeit significantly lower than acarbose. The hydromethanol extract had the highest
inhibitory activity (53.31 ± 0.33%). Furthermore, chemical profiling of the hydromethanol extract
revealed the presence of a variety of bioactive compounds. In silico analysis by molecular docking of
the compounds identified by GC-MS on α-amylase revealed that the compounds had robust molecular
interactions orchestrated by H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. From the results, it can be
concluded that extracts of Annona muricata possess antioxidant phytochemicals that inhibit α-amylase.
Therefore, the results justify the use of the plant for the treatment of diabetes.
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Keywords
Diabetes mellitus, Annona muricata, Alpha-amylase, Phytochemical