Cadmium-Induced Adverse Alteration of Reproductive Parameters and Testicular Histoarchitecture of Wistar Rats Protective Role of Palmitic Acid

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and adversely affecting reproductive organs and functions. Conversely, palmitic acid (PA) is a free radical scavenger naturally found in palm oil and consumed in diets. This study investigated the protective role of PA against cadmium-induced adverse alteration of male Wistar rats’ reproductive parameters. Twenty mature male Wistar rats were grouped into four (n=5/group): 0.2 mL of 10% Tween 80 (Control); 2 mg/kg bw-Cd; 2 mg/kg bw - Cd+200 mg/kg bw PA; and 200 mg/kg bw PA. PA was given via oral route daily for thirty days, while a single dose of Cd was intraperitoneally given. Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); testicular concentrations of magnesium, calcium, zinc, and cadmium; epididymal sperm parameters (morphology, motility, viability, and counts) were evaluated, and the testicular histoarchitecture was assessed using standard techniques. Data obtained were statistically analysed and compared using ANOVA at p < 0.05. In comparison to the control group, Cd exposure significantly decreased serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels; testicular magnesium, calcium and zinc; sperm motility, viability and counts. In addition, cadmium exposure resulted in abnormal sperm morphology and distorted testicular histoarchitecture. The co-administration of Cd and PA in group 3 showed significant reversal of the adverse effect of Cd on reproductive hormones, electrolytes, sperm parameters and testicular histomorphology. Hence, palmitic acid exhibits a protective effect against cadmium-induced adverse alterations of reproductive parameters and testicular histoarchitecture in Wistar rats.