Department of Public Health

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    Cancer Distribution Patterns over 5-Year Period (2016-2020) in Ekiti State Cancer Registry, Ido-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria
    (Nigerian Journal of Environment and Health, 2024) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    Cancer is one of the major disease burdens worldwide and the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. In Nigeria, the survival rate is low due to the high cost of treatment and late presentation at the hospitals. According to the 2020 World Cancer Report, prevention is the “only consideration that will credibly decrease [cancer] burden”. The socio-demographic data of 707 cancer patients spanning over five years (2016-2020) were collected from the Ekiti State Cancer Registry at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti (FETHI). Cancer types were distributed as follows in Ekiti state: reproductive (37.2%), breast (33.5%), gastrointestinal tract, GIT, (7.1%), blood and bone marrow (3.1%), colon (3.1%), connective tissue (2.8%), skin (2.7%), metastatic (2.5%), liver and gall bladder (2.3%), brain (1.8%), endocrine (1.8%), kidney (1.6%), lungs (1.0%), lymphoma (0.8%), eye (0.7%) and jaw (0.4%). The number of male and female subjects was 264 (37.3%) and 443 (62.7%), respectively, with 53% of the female subjects presenting with breast cancer. The prevalence of cancer ranged from 0.64 per 100,000 at Ise/Orun LGA to 15.59 per 100,000 at Ido-Osi LGA. The study found that in Ekiti State, cancer occurrence is higher in females than males, the most frequent being cancer of reproductive sites. Furthermore, the average age of cancer patients was 57.8 years.
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    Assessment of Selected Heavy Metal Concentrations in Water and Sediment around Ikirun Iron-Smelting Industry, Ikirun, Osun State, Nigeria
    (African Journal of Environmental Health Sciences, 2020) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    This study was carried out on a stream, three ponds, and two wells located within the vicinity of the Iron-smelting industry in Ikirun, Ifelodun Local Government Area of Osun State. Water samples were collected from seven sampling points along the stream, two hand-dug wells, and three ponds. A total of 72 water samples were taken at two-month interval between January and November. Sediments' samples (60) were also collected from the same locations where water was sampled, except for the hand dug wells. Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, As, Pb, and Cd) were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Cadmium (0.01 ± 0.00 mg/l), Pb (0.01 ± 0.00 mg/l), and As (0.01 ± 0.00 mg/l) had concentrations above both World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Industrial Standards (NIS) limits in both the surface and underground waters while Zn (0.13 ± 0.03) and Fe (0.18 ± 0.00 mg/l) had concentrations below the maximum permissible limits of WHO and NIS in both surface and underground water samples. Pb (0.01 ± 0.00), Zn (0.12 ± 0.00), and As (0.01 ± 0.00 mg/l) were observed to be lower in water than their corresponding values in sediment (0.05 ± 0.00, 0.23 ± 0.00, and 0.04 ± 0.00 mg/kg) respectively. The study concluded that the water bodies around the iron-smelting industry have high heavy metal contents above the regulatory standards and the water could not be recommended for drinking purpose.
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    CLINICAL AUDIT OF INTRA-PARTUM CARE AT SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN NIGERIA
    (Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2010) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    Objective: Method: Result: Conclusion: Intra-partum care has a significant influence on birth outcomes. Gap however exists between evidence and practice. This study documented pattern of intra-partum monitoring among birth attendants in public secondary healthcare facilities and related findings to quality of care provided. Intra-partum monitoring records of vaginal examination, fetal heart and blood pressure were reviewed. Research assistants extracted information and documented same in appropriate section of Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment forms. Monitoring records were categorized into optimal and sub-optimal care. Proportions were calculated for parturients who received either optimal or sub-optimal care. Chi-square test of statistics was used to explore differences. Level of significance was p < 0.05. A review of 349 records of paturients was carried out. Their mean age was 23.4 ± 3.3 years. Pregnancy outcome was a live-birth in 329 (97.3%). Optimal care of vaginal examination, fetal heart monitoring and blood pressure measurement was provided in 243 (71.9%), 73 (21.6%) and 52 (15.4%) parturients respectively and diminished significantly as labour progressed. Intra-partum care provided by birth attendants was generally sub-optimal and use of the monitoring records to influence birth outcome is doubtful. Improvement in record keeping practices and skills in intra-partum monitoring for decision making, are suggested.
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    Antimicrobial use among hospitalized patients: A multi-center, point prevalence survey across public healthcare facilities, Osun State, Nigeria
    (GERMS, 2021) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    Introduction In order to inform sub-national action plan for control of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and benchmark interventions to improve antibiotic use, it is essential to define situations on antibiotic use using standardized tools. We sought to assess quality of antimicrobial prescription across all government healthcare facilities with capacities for in-patient care in the first of the 36 states in Nigeria as part of ongoing state-wide situation analysis on AMR. Methods A survey was conducted between 10-27 June 2019 using the WHO methodology for point prevalence survey on antibiotic use in hosp itals. Data was collected from hospital administrators and records of hospitalized patients. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2010 (Redmond Washington). Results Prevalence of antibiotic use amongst all 321 included patients was 76.6% (246/321). Of all indications recorded, the highest was surgical prophylaxis (96/260, 36.9%) for which there were multiple doses beyond 24 hours in almost all cases (91/96, 94.8%). The largest volume of prescribing took place in the surgical wards, and the most common prescriptions were metronidazole (142/564, 25.2%), cefuroxime (104/564, 18.4%), and ceftriaxone (77/564, 13.7%). Overall, 46.3% of the antibiotics used belong to Access group, 53.5% to watch and only 0.2% to Reserve. Treatment in almost all instances 544/563 (96.6%) was empiric. Conclusions The majority of patients received multiple antibiotics mostly without compliance to guidelines. There was low prescribing of Access antibiotics and excessive use of antibiotics in the Watch group. Antibiotics were used most commonly for surgical prophylaxis but inappropriately. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in this study underscores the crucial need for an action plan incorporating antimicrobial stewardship.
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    International collaboration to build tobacco control capacity: a case study of KOMPLY from the World Heart Federation Emerging Leaders program
    (Tobacco Induced Diseases, 2018) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    Article 22 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control calls for collaboration among the Parties and international organizations to facilitate the development, transfer and acquisition of knowledge, skills, capacity and expertise related to tobacco control. International collaborations are especially important to help counter the tobacco epidemic in low and middle-income countries and will also contribute to UN Sustainable Development Goals. We will summarise the World Heart Federation (WHF) Emerging Leaders program, using the case study of the KOMPLY collaboration which focused on evaluating and supporting compliance with Uganda's newly implemented smoke-free legislation