Department of Environmental Management & Toxicology
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- ItemPrevalence of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter species in wastewater effluents: A menace of environmental and public health concern(Helicobacter WILEY, 2024-05-08) OLUWAKOYA OLUFUNMILAYOAbstract The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter species in wastewater effluents presents a formidable challenge at the intersection of environmental sustainability and public health. This study examined the presence of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter in wastewater effluents in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and its implications for environmental ecosystems and public health. Forty-five samples from household effluent (HHE) and wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTPE) were collected at different geographical locations within the province between April and September 2022. The counts of the presumptive Campylobacter genus ranged from 5.2 × 103 to 6.03 × 104 CFU/mL for HHE and 4.93 × 103 to 1.04 × 104 CFU/mL for WWTPE. About 42.55% of the samples were positive for Campylobacter species. Five virulence determinants including the cadF and wlaN were detected in all the isolates; however, flgR (19.23%), ciaB, and ceuE (15.38%) were less prevalent. The antibiogram profiles of confirmed Campylobacter isolates revealed high resistance (>55%) against all tested antibiotics ranging from 55.77% (nalidixic acid) to 92.30% (erythromycin), and resistance against the other antibiotics followed the order ciprofloxacin (51.92%), azithromycin (50%), and levofloxacin (48.08%). On the contrary, gentamicin was sensitive against 61.54% of the isolates, followed by imipenem (57.69%) and streptomycin (51.92%). The WWTPE's antibiotic resistance index (ARI) was 0.19, lower than the permitted Krumperman threshold of 0.2; and HHE's ARIs were higher. The isolates' respective multiple antibiotic resistance indexes (MARI) varied between 0.08 and 1.00. Among the phenotypically resistant Campylobacter isolates examined, 21 resistance determinants encoding resistance against β-lactam, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, phenicol, quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides were detected, which explains the phenotypic resistance observed in the study. This study concludes that the wastewaters in the study areas are important reservoirs of multidrug-resistant and potentially pathogenic Campylobacter species, suggesting the need for proper treatment of the wastewaters to eliminate the organisms in the effluents before discharge the final effluent to the receiving watershed.
- ItemWater quality and planktonic community of Owalla Reservoir, Osun State, Southwest Nigeria(Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2022) Omoboye, Helen YetundeAim: Owalla Reservoir, one of the largest and oldest man-made lakes in Osun State supplies potable water to many towns in the state including the state capital, Osogbo. Active fshing activities also takes place in the lake. Inspite of the importance of the reservoir, information on the planktonic community and physico-chemical water quality are scarce. Terefore, this study investigated the water quality and plankton composition of Owalla Reservoir, Osun State, Nigeria, from October 2012 to November 2013 with a view to providing baseline information on limnology of the reservoir. Methods: Seven sampling stations (designated Stations 1-7) were established as representatives of the zones and regions of the reservoir and sampling was conducted quarterly. At Stations 1 and 3, only surface water samples were collected while water samples were collected from the surface, mid-depth and close to the bottom at other stations. Samples for total plankton and physico-chemical water quality were analyzed using standard methods. Results: Te result of the study showed that mean dissolved oxygen (P<0.001), biochemical oxygen demand, conductivity, pH (P<0.001), and alkalinity were higher at the surface of the reservoir. As regards seasonal variation, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand had the higher mean values during the rainy season. Also, acidity, dissolved oxygen, and pH showed signifcantly (P<0.001) higher values during the rainy season. One hundred and thirtyseven (137) taxa of phytoplankton and 39 taxa of zooplankton were recorded from the reservoir. Te horizontal pattern of variation showed an increase in the mean abundance of most of phytoplankton groups from inflow to the dam area while vertical variation showed a decrease in mean abundance from surface to the bottom of the reservoir. Most of the phytoplankton and zooplankton taxa were more abundant during the dry season than in the rainy season. Conclusions: Te study concluded that all the monitored physico-chemical water quality parameters were within the guide level range as of the World Health Organisation (WHO) for drinking water, Owalla Reservoir is qualitatively rich in both phytoplankton and zooplankton and the reservoir can support a viable aquatic community and sustainable fshery production
- ItemMicrobial Nanoremediation of Microplastics: A review(South aAfrican Journal of Chemistry, 2024-08-02) Akinhanmi, Fadekemi OlabisiMicroplastics’ ubiquity in all environmental matrices worldwide, coupled with poor plastic waste management practices, calls for serious health and environmental attention. Microplastics are persistent and slow-degrading contaminants with a high potential to fragment as well as adsorb other contaminants. Along with macroplastic waste reduction methods such as incineration, recycling, landfilling, pyrolysis, and bioremediation approaches novel methods to remove microplastics from the environment are necessary. The multidisciplinary and progressive area of science, nanotechnology, has the potential for diverse applications with engineered nanomaterials that have superior properties over micro-particles because of their size and surface area ratio. The integration of microbial remediation and nanotechnology holds great promise for the nano-remediation of persistent environmental microplastics. Here, we review plastic-degrading microbes (Bacillus sp., Diplococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., Moraxella sp., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus sp), microbial synthesis of nanoparticles (Zinc oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide and others), and nanoparticle synthesis with plastic-degrading microbes. This article also discusses the mechanism of microbial nano-remediation and microbial interactions with nanomaterials. The advantages, limitations, and prospects of microbial nano-remediation of microplastics are discussed. This review suggests the use of metagenomics to further identify a wider range of organisms for bioremediation of microplastics, while also proposing the use of artificial intelligence for the construction of immobilized microbial nano-enzyme composites for degrading microplastics faster.
- ItemZooplanktonic Community Assessment over Space and Time: A biomonitoring Tool in an Artificial Lake(Asian Journal of Research in Zoology, 2022) Omoboye, Helen YetundeAims: The prime objective of this study is to determine the taxonomic composition of the zooplankton fauna of Esa-Odo Reservoir in Osun State and determine the spatial (horizontal and vertical) and seasonal variations in the composition, distribution abundance, and community structure of the zooplankton community in the reservoir. Study design: sampling stations were selected horizontally and vertically to cover the entire zones of the reservoir. Planktonic samples were collected at two months intervals for two years. Methodology: Samples were collected from the depth using an improvised Meyer’s water sampler. Net and Total plankton were sampled by filtration and sedimentation methods. Planktonic samples were preserved as 5% formalin and 1% Lugol’s solution. Measurement, enumeration, and scaled pictures of the recorded zooplankton were taken using a photomicrograph. The taxonomic composition of zooplankton biota was determined using identification keys. Data analysis was done using PAST Statistical Package. ANOVA was used to determine the spatio-temporal variations. Results: Fiftyty-three (53) pecies of total zooplankton recorded in this study belong to 4 groups: Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda, and Insecta. Rotifera was the most represented group (61.21%). Horizontally, 24 species with the highest mean abundance characterized the lacustrine; while 12 species and 10 species were unique to the transition and riverine zones, respectively. Vertically, most species had their mean abundance decreased from the surface to the bottom of the reservoir. Original Research ArticleOmoboye et al.; AJRIZ, 5(1): 31-47, 2022; Article no.AJRIZ.83773 32 A total of nine (9), two (2) and one (1) species were peculiar to the surface, bottom and mid-depth, respectively. Zooplankton organisms were most abundant during the dry season. Conclusion: Esa-Odo Reservoir comprised highly diversified zooplankton fauna with great potential to support rich aquatic community and fishery production. The reservoir can be classified as fairly clean based on the abundance of the rotifer group. However, the lake should be subjected to regular proper monitoring because of the presence of some pollution tolerant copepod species identified among the zooplankton fauna.
- ItemPhysico-chemical analysis and identification of antibiotics resistant Enterobacteriaceae from groundwater sources in Ayobo, Lagos, Nigeria(International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2023-10) Omoboye, Helen YetundeThis study aimed at evaluating the physico-chemical parameters and detection of Enterobacteriaceae of groundwater samples in Ayobo, Lagos State. The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were determined using standard methods. Twenty Groundwater samples were selectively collected over a period of 6 weeks from two groundwater stations which were Anchor University and Ayobo community. Groundwater temperature values from both well and borehole ranged from 23.9-27.5°C, with an average value of 24.9°C. Conductivity and TDS had their highest values (99.1μS and 49.3ppm) recorded in well 1 of station 1 while in station 2, the result of the selected physico-chemical water quality parameter revealed that the temperature of groundwater samples ranged from 25.1oC to 26.5oC. pH range from 5.0-7.0 with the highest value (7.0) recorded in sample BOK 1 and BOK 2. Conductivity recorded the highest value of 60.9μS while TDS had the highest value of 63.8ppm. Total mean counts for total viable count, faecal coliforms and total coliforms for Station 1 were as follow: 225.00±7.07CFU/ml, 167.00±4.25CFU/ml and 131per 100ml respectively; and for Station 2: 137.00±1.41CFU/ml, 102.00±1.41CFU/ml and 250 per 100ml respectively, which are all higher than the WHO standard limits. The result of the antibiotics susceptibility profiling revealed that the isolates were resistant to more than three antibiotics. In conclusion, this study showed that borehole water and well water around Ayobo are not safe for direct consumption due to high level of the quality indicator bacteria in them.