Department of Finance
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- ItemIMPACT OF MATERNAL MORTALITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA(Arca Academic Publisher, 2025-05-19) Williams H. TPurpose: This study investigates the relationship between maternal mortality and economic growth in Nigeria. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses secondary data from the World Development Indicators and UNESCO Institute for Statistics. It employs a multiple regression analysis model to assess the impact of maternal mortality and other economic variables on Nigeria’s GDP. Findings: Results indicate that the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and capital stock (K) negatively correlated with GDP. However, while capital stock (K) significantly affects GDP, MMR is insignificant. Additionally, variables such as education, exports, and arable land show a positive but statistically insignificant relationship with GDP at the 5% significance level. The R² value of 0.8613 suggests maternal mortality accounts for approximately 86% of Nigeria's economic growth variance. Research Limitation: The study relies on secondary data sources, which may have inherent limitations in accuracy and completeness. Practical Implication: Reducing maternal mortality could have long-term economic benefits by improving workforce productivity and human capital development. Social Implication: Healthier mothers lead to healthier families and communities, ultimately reducing poverty and improving overall social well-being. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the discourse on population and economic growth by empirically examining the link between maternal mortality and economic performance in Nigeria. This area has received limited scholarly attention. The insights provided can inform policymakers on the economic importance of improving maternal health outcomes.
- ItemUnethical Behaviour and Corporate Performance in University System: A study of Nigerian Private Universities(International Journal of Religion, 2024-06) Afolabi, Taofeek SolaThe study investigated whether there exists a relationship between unethical behaviour and corporate performance in the university system, and hence determined the impact of unethical behavior on corporate performance in the Nigerian university system with private universities as reference. A survey design was employed with a questionnaire instrument administered to 250 university staff drawn from four private universities in South-west, Nigeria, using a combination of purposive and random sampling techniques. The response data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential analysis. The descriptive analysis showed that unethical behaviour exists in Nigerian private universities. A multivariate Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was used for the inferential analysis and to specify the relationships among the construct variables in the study. The bootstrapping technique of the PLS-SEM was used to estimate the parameters in the model, with the aid of the Smart-3 software. The result of the factor loadings, reliability test, convergent and discriminant validity revealed that the construct variables are fit for the PLS-SEM. The path analysis revealed that financial malpractices are a major unethical behavior affecting corporate performance adversely. Furthermore, unethical behaviours from university staff and university administration have significant negative influence on corporate performance. The study concludes that unethical behaviour is a key driver of poor corporate performance in the Nigerian university system. Therefore, it is recommended that policy makers in the university should adopt a holistic approach to ethical management that is oriented toward zero tolerance for unethical behavior in the university system
- ItemWomen Entrepreneurship and Poverty Alleviation among Low income Families in Developing Societies: An Empirical Evidence from Nigeria(International Journal of Religion, 2024-10) Afolabi, Taofeek SolaThe study investigated the relationship between women entrepreneurship and poverty alleviation among low income families in developing societies, and evaluated the impact of women entrepreneurship on poverty alleviation using Nigeria as reference. A survey design was employed with a questionnaire instrument administered to 250 women who are business owners in Lagos,using a simple random sampling technique. The response data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential analytical methods. The descriptive analysis showed that women take up entrepreneurship for the purpose of supporting their spouses to fight against poverty. A multivariate Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was used for the inferential analysis and to specify the relationships among the construct variables in the study. The bootstrapping technique of the PLS-SEM was used to estimate the parameters in the model, with the aid of the Smart-3 software. The result of the factor loadings, reliability test, convergent and discriminant validity revealed that the construct variables are fit for the PLS-SEM. The path analysis revealed that wife’s income (women entrepreneurship) has significant positive relationship with provision of health care, education, clothing and housing, and hence significantly positively impact on poverty alleviation in these areas of family needs. But in contrast, women entrepreneurship does not impact significantly on food. In general, the study concludes that women entrepreneurship is a key driver of poverty reduction among low income families in Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended that government and other stakeholders should make deliberate efforts to promote women entrepreneurship by providing financial support and other facilities to women entrepreneurs
- ItemGene mutation patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and associated factors among suspected multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Osun State, South-West, Nigeria(Elsevier, 2023-11-04) Afolabi, Taofeek SolaTuberculosis (TB) drug resistance has become a substantial public health threat, posing a significant challenge to global TB control. Nigeria is one of the eight countries contributing twothirds of the global TB cases in 2020, with a high rate of MDR/RR-TB. This study was designed to determine MDR-TB prevalence among suspected drug-resistant TB patients, MTBC mutation patterns, and the associated factors of MDR-TB in Osun State. We obtained fresh sputum samples from eligible participants who tested positive for rifampicin resistance on GeneXpert assay for analysis using the MTBDRplus LPA. SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis, significance was set at p<0.05. We recorded a prevalence of 58.6 %, 37.1 %, and 2.9 % for MDR-TB, rifampicin and isoniazid mono-resistance. Majority of the MDR-TB cases were males (56.1 %), below 40 years (80.5 %), low-level education (75.6 %), unemployed (75 %), and low-income earners (64.1 %). ‘Previous TB treatment’ had a statistically significant effect on MDR-TB (P<0.001, OR=65.46). Other factors that showed a strong odds ratio but were not statistically significant included: age (OR=2.52, P = 0.09), diabetes (OR=1.99, P = 0.25), smoking history (OR=1.51, P = 0.43) and hypertension (OR=1.34, P = 0.63). There were 67 and 46 reactions of the wild-type and mutant bands for rpoB gene, eight wild-type and five mutant bands for katG gene, and six wild-type and 24 mutant bands for inhA gene. WT8/MUT3 (64.2 %), WT/MUT1 (61.5 %), and MUT1 (80 %) were predominant for rpoB, katG, and inhA genes, respectively, with the occurrence of D516V rpoB gene mutation for the first time in Osun State. There is a need for the reinforcement of the current TB care system, empowerment and monitoring of TB-caregivers for adequate and effective follow-up of TB patients, and more citizens awareness, especially regarding TB/MDR-TB treatments. This is expected to improve the management of MDR-TB patients and mitigate the development and spread of MDR-TB in the community.
- ItemImpact of Capital Adequacy Risk on the Financial Performance of Microfinance Banks in Nigeria(IJRPR, 2023-09) Afolabi, Taofeek SolaMicrofinance banking sub-sector is key to growth and stability, especially in an emerging economy like Nigeria. The sector offers micro-credits to small and medium sized businesses and thus must have sufficient capital to fund their regular operations and guarantee the long-term health of their country's financial system. However, inadequate capital has been reported as a major cause of distress and eventual collapse of banks/financial institutions. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of capital adequacy risk on the financial performance of microfinance banks in Nigeria. Seven microfinance banks operating at the Central Bank of Nigeria’s national category were selected and their annual financial reports in the last eleven years were used as panel data for this research. A panel regression model was used to specify the relationship between the dimensions of capital adequacy risk (capital adequacy ratio, operating efficiency & credit risk) and financial performance (return on assets). Descriptive statistical tools such as the mean, standard deviation and Jarque-bera were used to describe the data, while econometric tools such as the LLC unit root, Hausman specification and ordinary least squares technique were used for the inferential analysis. These were done via the E-view 9 statistical software. The results of the analysis revealed that both capital adequacy ratio and cost-to-asset ratio have a direct and significant relationship with return on assets. Similarly, non-performing loan ratio has an inverse and significant relationship with return on asset. The study concludes that capital adequacy ratio, operating efficiency and credit risk are key drivers of profitability among microfinance banks in Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended that the country’s apex bank should enforce compliance with regulations on capital adequacy in the microfinance banking subsector. Furthermore, relevant stakeholders in the bank should ensure prudence in operating cost and monitoring of loan portfolios to reduce defaults.