Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences

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Browsing Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences by Subject "Adolescents"

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    Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Social Skills Training in Management of Conduct Disorder
    (South African Journal of Psychiatry, 2022) Onisile, Deborah
    This study examined the efficacy of two psychobehavioural strategies to manage conduct disorder (CD) amongst in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of adolescents with CD was performed. Sixteen participants (aged 12–17 years) who reported high CD from an assessment of 1006 in-school adolescents of selected secondary schools in Ibadan were randomly grouped to receive either cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), social skills training (SST) or combined CBT and SST. The Frequency of Delinquent Behaviour Scaling Instrument (FDBSI) was used for assessments. Significant reduction in CD was observed among participants exposed to CBT at 8 weeks, SST at 8 weeks, and combined CBT and SST at the 6 week mark of interventions respectively. From the study, CBT and SST were found effective in managing CD. However, the combined psychobehavioural intervention of CBT and SST was more effective in managing CD based on a faster therapeutic effect than the independent psychobehavioural intervention of CBT and SST.
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    Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self Examination among Female Adolescents in Osogbo, Nigeria.
    (IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences., 2020) Omishakin, Monisola
    Abstract Background: Breast self examination (BSE) is a simple, inexpensive, non-invasive and non hazardous means of detecting breast cancer at early stage. BSE is also reported to be less effected than mammography or examination by a trained physician. However, it is a reliable approach particularly in developing countries that cannot afford sophisticated screening services for the entire population at risk. Breast cancer has become the most leading cause of cancer death among women. This can be prevented by early diagnosis of breast lump. Breast cancer is a cancer that is preventable and yet has a high morbidity and mortality rate but breast cancer can be prevented by the practice of BSE which is an easy preventive measurethroughearly detection of precancerous lesions. This study therefore aimed to assess the knowledge and determine the level of practice of BSE toward prevention of breast cancer among female adolescence of two selected secondary school Osogbo. Materials and methods:This descriptive study was conducted among one hundred and sixty female adolescents recruited from Ata Oja Government High School and Baptist High School Osogbo Local Government Osogbo, Osun State using stratified random sampling technique. A self-structure questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents which was analyzedwith SPSS version 22 and was summarized using tables and bar charts. Results:69.8% of the respondents demonstrated knowledge of BSE with health workers (52.1%) being the major source of information,other sources were mass media (31.7%), friends (9.2%) and sources undisclosed (7%). Practice of BSE among respondents revealed that 56.3% agreed that they found it difficult to examine their breast , 61% agreed that the hospital is the only place for breast examination while 46.3% felt BSE was not necessary. However, 40.6% of the respondents consented that theywereuncomfortable touching their breast, 44.4% indicated that going to school affected the practice of BSE while 41.9% of the respondents agreed that BSE should be done when they feel abnormal around their breast. The study also revealed that there was significant relationship between knowledge of female adolescents and their practices of BSE while age of respondents was not significant to the practice of BSE. Conclusion: Respondents demonstrated good knowledge about BSE which was not reflected in their practice. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made:Nurses should take outreach to schools periodically in order to teach the female students on how to perform the BSE and to be comfortable touching their bodies. Parents, teachers, community and the Government all have roles to play in encouraging the effective practice of BSE to reduce the rate of breast cancer in the world.
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    Parental Factors as Determinants of Conduct Disorder among In-School Adolescents in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria
    (Scientific Research Publishing, 2021) Onisile, Deborah
    This study was carried out to observe the link between parental factors and Conduct Disorder (CD) among Nigerian school adolescents. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted for the study where multi-stage sampling techniques led to selecting 1006 participants (mean age = 15.4 years) from six secondary schools in Ibadan, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria. Participants responded to Socioeconomic Status (SES) scale, the Parenting Styles Scale (PSS) and Frequency of Delinquent Behaviour Scaling Instrument (FDBSI). A high prevalence of CD was observed. We also observed that parenting styles significantly influenced conduct disorders. Responsive parenting is not a sig nificant predictor of CD, while control parenting significantly predicted CD. Parental occupation significantly influenced CD, with formal occupation types having higher mean scores for both fathers and mothers. Finally, there was a significant influence of socioeconomic status on conduct disorder among the participants. Findings concluded that there is a high prevalence of conduct disorder. Authoritarian and uninvolved parents with formal occupa tion and families with higher socioeconomic status were conduct disorder determinants among adolescents.
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    Psychoactive Substance and Psychopathological Symptoms among Nigerian Secondary Schools Adolescents
    (International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, 2019) Onisile, Deborah
    This study examined the influence of psychoactive substance use on psychopathological symptoms among secondary school adolescents in Ede, Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. In this cross-sectional survey design four hundred and ninety-six (496) secondary school adolescents (mean age 15.7 years) were purposively selected from five secondary schools in Ede metropolis. Substance Abuse Inventory (SABI) and Awaritefe Psychological Index (API Form-X) were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Four hypotheses were tested using a Regression Analysis, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Independent Sample t-test and at 0.05% level of significance. The result showed a high prevalence of psychopathological symptoms among the participants. Psychoactive substance use was observed to jointly and significantly predict psychopathological symptoms. Sex has significant influence on manifested psychopathological symptoms with female adolescents reporting higher mean scores on insomnia, intellect disorder, heat disorder, mood disorder, alimentary track disorder and general psychopathology. Age was observed to be inversely correlated with psychopathological symptoms. Significant difference was found between drug users and non-user on severities of psychopathological symptoms. This research finding indicated a high prevalence of psychopathological symptoms. Also that the use psychoactive substance was significantly linked the psychopathological symptoms and that age of involvement in psychoactive substance is also a significant risk factor for psychopathology among adolescents.