Browsing by Author "Adesina Adedotun Fikayo"

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    ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOL AND ETHYL ACETATE STEM-BARK EXTRACT/FRACTION OF Blighia sapida K.D. KOENIG ON MICE INFECTED WITH Plasmodium berghei
    (Journal of Natural Science, Engineering and Technology, 2021) Adesina Adedotun Fikayo
    Reduction and probably eradication of future occurrence of resistance in malarial parasite demand urgent attention towards the development of alternative antimalarial drugs with new mechanisms of action. In view of this, the study investigated the in vivo antiplasmodial activities of ethanol stem-bark extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Blighia sapida against Plasmodium berghei in mice, to provide scientific support for the ethnomedicinal uses of the plant. Ethanol extract (EE) and ethyl acetate frac tion (EAF) of B. Sapida stem bark were evaluated for in vivo antimalarial activity, using mice model. EE at doses of 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg, and EAF at doses of 125, 250, 500 mg/kg body weight were administered orally. Pyrimethamine, Chloroquine, and Artemether served as positive controls while 0.9% normal saline was given to the negative control group. At doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, EE produced chemosuppression of 90.72, 85.62, and 94.06% in prophylactics, 59.33, 75.33, and 82.89% in suppressive and in the curative model on Day 7, 59.46, 59.91, and 56.70% respectively. At doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, EAF produced chemosuppression of 45.95, 50.74, and 69.12% in prophylactics, 57.97, 66.11, and 81.06 in suppressive and in curative model 71.13, 74.52, and 82.80 % respectively. Results obtained were compared with the standard antimalaria drugs (89.46, 75.37, and 95.54% for pyrimethamine, chloroquine, and artemether, respectively). Results showed that the extract and fraction of B. Sapida possessed potent antiplasmodial activities at different doses considered, which supports its use as antimalarial ethnomedicinally.
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    BRINE SHRIMPS LETHALITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF BLIGHIA SAPIDA
    (Innovare Academic Sciences, 2020) Adesina Adedotun Fikayo
    Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate brine shrimp lethality of Blighia sapida stem-bark extract and its fractions and identify the bioactive constituents in the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Methods: The ethanol extract (EE) and its fractions were subjected to lethality assay, and GC-MS analysis of EAF was carried out. Results: The lethality test showed a concentration-dependent mortality rate in the brine shrimp nauplii for the EE and its fractions. GC-MS analysis of EAF of the extract revealed the existence of 13 peaks of the GC-MS chromatogram with only one prominent compound, n-hexadecanoic acid (peak area of 10.13%). Conclusion: The result revealed the presence of 13 bioactive components in the EAF of the extract, the majority of which have been reported for different biological activities, hence, justifies the use of the plant in the treatment and management of different diseases ethnomedicinally
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    Combating oral biofilms in Nigerian schoolchildren: a synergistic approach using Macrosphyralongistyla extracts and titanium-ferrite nanoparticles
    (GMSHygiene and Infection Control, 2025) Adesina Adedotun Fikayo
    Introduction: The burden of infectious and non-infectious debilitating diseases of oral etiology is common in developing countries. The path ogenicity of oral infectious diseases is believed to be exacerbated by the uncontrolled progression of biofilm-producing bacteria. In contem porary research endeavours, there is a proposition to utilize anti-infective compounds in the control of biofilm-induced infections. This research was carried out to isolate and control biofilm-producing bacteria using anti-infective nanoparticles and a plant extract. Methods: Biofilm-producing bacteria were isolated and characterized using microbiological techniques and next-generation sequencing. An timicrobial susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentration were determined using titanium ferrite (TF) coupled with Macrosphyra longistyla plant extracts. Bioactive antimicrobials were analyzed by Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface morphology was determined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and tox icological properties were characterized on adult Wistar rats. Results: Biofilm-producing bacteria isolated and sequenced in this study are Pseudomonasaeruginosa,Aeromonascaviae,Proteusmirabilisand Serratia marcescens. The plant extracts coupled with nanoparticles were found to be more bioactive against the biofilm producers than either the plant extracts or the nanoparticles alone. The MICs observed here showed these complexestobemorebioactiveagainstthepathogensinlowerconcen trations compared to that observed in similar studies. FTIR revealed that the bands at around 3,000–2,800 cm–1 correspond to C–H stretching vibrations. The bands at around 1,700–1,600 cm–1 corresponded to C=O stretching vibrations. The bands at around 1,500–1,400 cm–1 corresponded to N–H bending vibrations. The pres ence of these functional groups suggests that Macrosphyra longistyla doped with TF nanoparticles (MSLNP) is a complex compound that contains a variety of different chemical groups. Histology revealed no significant derangements observed in the histoar chitecture of experimental groups. This suggests that the compound shows potential as antimicrobial therapy in battling bacterial oral bio films. It is recommended that the compound undergo further testing in the drug design process.
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    Eco-friendly synthesis and assessment of chrysin – primed zinc ferrite nanoparticles against vinyl chloride and 2-acetylaminofluorene model of hepatorenal injury in rats
    (Elsevier, 2024) Adesina Adedotun Fikayo
    Co-exposure to environmental toxicants is becoming an emerging problem globally. This study investigated the potential of chrysin-primed zinc-ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4@Chrysin) to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation in vinyl chloride (VC) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) induced liver and kidney toxicities in male Wistar rats. ZnFe2O4@Chrysin was identified using x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron micrographs. Molecular orbital distribu tions in chrysin were determined using Density Functional Theorem analyses. Forty –two rats were placed in six groups of seven animals each, and orally administered with ZnFe2O4@Chrysin (10, 20, 50 mg/kg), VC (50 mg/ kg) and 2-AAF (30 mg/kg) over a period of 28 days. Liver and kidney function, lipid profile, oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine and cancer parameters were evaluated. Treatment with ZnFe2O4@Chrysin ameliorated the VC +2-AAF induced elevations in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phos phatase, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, and sodium and potassium levels. VC +2-AAF also caused significant el evations in superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase levels which were restored by ZnFe2O4@Chrysin. Elevated levels of alpha fetoprotein, C-reactive protein (CRP) and thyroid stimulating hor mone in VC +2-AAF treated rats were significantly reversed by ZnFe2O4@Chrysin. ZnFe2O4@Chrysin also restored the histoarchitecture of the kidney and liver of rats exposed to VC +2-AAF. This study suggests that ZnFe2O4@Chrysin offered protection against VC and 2-AAF induced alterations in biochemical indices of rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.
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    Exploratory studies on chrysin via antioxidant, antimicrobial, ADMET, PASS and molecular docking evaluations
    (Elsevier, 2024) Adesina Adedotun Fikayo
    Introduction: Chrysin, a flavonoid found in Feng Jiao (Chinese name for propolis), exhibits a wide array of pharmacological activities and is recognized for the significant roles it plays in traditional Chinese medicine. The present study aimed to explore the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of chrysin and provide mechanistic insights via in silico experiments. Methods: The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of chrysin, a natural flavone found in propolis was investigated. Molecular docking interactions, the Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination and Toxicity (ADMET) and Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) were used to predict the biological activities of chrysin. Results: Chrysin exhibited a considerable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity. Chrysin demonstrated inhibition against S. typhi, and B. subtilis with lowest MIC value of 1.25 mg/mL which was similar to that of chloramphenicol. Drug-likeness and ADMET study of the two compounds showed their physicochemical properties as non-toxic, non-mutagenic, high permeability, good solubility and absorption characteristics. Discussion: The research below shows that chrysin and silymarin had antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antibacterial, hepatoprotective and anticarcinogenic properties based on PASS prediction of biological activities. Molecular docking of chrysin and silymarin, a standard hepatoprotective drug, with tumour necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE) and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD 2) showed interactions with LEU 401, VAL 402, HIS 405 amino acid residues at the active sites of TACE. Chrysin non-covalently interacted with amino acids of SOD 2 at the active site while silymarin non-covalently interacted at a site different from the active site. Silymarin demonstrated a minimum binding energy of – 9.7 Kcal/mol and – 7.0 Kcal/mol for TACE and SOD 2, respectively while chrysin showed a minimal binding energy of – 9.0 Kcal/mol and – 6.8 Kcal/mol for TACE and SOD2 respectively. Conclusion: The study concluded that chrysin exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activity via inhibition and regulation of TACE and SOD2 and possibly offer protection against hepatotoxicity in animal experimental models.
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    Hepatoprotective activity of Alstonia boonei (De Wild) stem bark in isoniazid-induced Wistar rats: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and in silico evaluations
    (Elsevier, 2025) Adesina Adedotun Fikayo
    Introduction: Liver damage is mainly caused by exposure to toxic chemicals and is a global health challenge. A variety of Alstonia species including Alstonia boonei has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) for the treatment of fever, asthma and as analgesics. In this research, the potential of A. boonei stem bark ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction in restoring isoniazid-induced hepatic damage in rats was studied using antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Methods: A. boonei stem bark was extracted with ethanol and fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. In vitro phytochemical screening and quantification, DPPH, ferrous ion chelating and ferric reducing antioxidant activity of the extracts were carried out. Determination of erythrocyte membrane stabilizing and inhibition of protein denaturation activity of the extracts and fractions were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity. Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GCMS) of the most active fraction was analyzed. A total of 18 and 35 (7 groups of 5) rats were used for both acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies respectively for a period of 60 days. The control group received normal saline, while 15 mg/kg isoniazid (INH) was used to induce liver toxicity. 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg ethyl acetate fractions (EAF), 50 mg/kg of ethanolic extract and 50 mg/kg vitamin C were used as treatment against INH-induced toxicity. The rats were sacrificed and plasma and liver tissues were obtained for biochemical and histological analyses. Plasma markers of hepatic function including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma- glutamyl transferase (GGT), albumin and bilirubin levels were determined. Activity of Liver enzyme antioxi dants including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were also analyzed. Liver tissues were further subjected to histological analyses. In silico molecular docking and ADMET studies were used to analyze the binding in teractions with arginase 1 and thioredoxin reductase and physicochemical properties of the GC–MS identified compounds. Results: Phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols were present in the plant’s extract and fractions, while they also demonstrated antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals, and ferrous ion, with the ethyl acetate fraction possessing the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of A. boonei stem bark demonstrated significant reductions in the elevated levels of plasma liver function enzymes and were also able to significantly restore the activities of enzyme antioxidants (SOD and catalase). Furthermore, restorations in liver histoarchitecture were observed in groups treated with the extract and fractions. In silico analysis revealed high negative binding interactions between compounds identified in the extract and arginase 1and thioredoxin reductase. While ADMET analysis shows good pharmacodynamic and physicochemical properties of the identified compounds
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    The protective potential of Blighia sapida on the behavioural and hematobiochemical disruption in kerosene-exposed Clarias gariepinus: In Vivo and In Silico evaluation
    (Elsevier, 2025) Adesina Adedotun Fikayo
    Introduction: The discharge of petroleum products poses significant toxicological risks to aquatic life and the environment, undermining Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 14). Members of the Sapindaceae family, to which Blighia sapida belongs, have been utilized for the treatment of blood, heart, urinary and mental disorders. The study investigated the protective effects of ethanol extract (EE) from Blighia sapida stem-bark on Clarias gariepinus sub-adults using their behavioral, biochemical, hematological parameters, as well as in silico evaluation. Methods: The study randomly divided 189 Clarias gariepinus into nine groups (G) in triplicates with seven fish to make 27 treatment tanks. The groups were G1: control, G2: 100 mL kerosene, G3: 200 mL kerosene, G4: 100 mL kerosene + 50 mg/kg bwt.EE, G5: 100 mL kerosene + 100 mg/kg bwt.EE, G6: 100 mL kerosene + 150 mg/kg bwt.EE, G7: 200 mL kerosene + 50 mg/kg bwt.EE, G8: 200 mL kerosene + 100 mg/kg bwt.EE, G9: 200 mL kerosene + 150 mg/kg bwt.EE. The experimental setup was repeated every other day for 28 days in a 30 L plastic aquaria. Behavioral parameters such as active swimming, aggression, jumping, air gulping, slothful movement, and feed response were recorded before and during the treatment using the focal sampling technique. Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the ethanol extract was analyzed. In silico molecular docking studies were used to analyze the binding interactions with CYP 450 2E1. Results: The observed behavioral alterations were normalized in a dose-dependent manner at the end of the experiment, the extract mitigated kerosene-induced biochemical disruptions, reducing ALT, AST, and creatinine levels. The levels of disruptions in hematology at 100- and 200-mL kerosene exposure was restored close to control values. However, the EE displayed amelioration on the effects of kerosene. In silico analysis revealed high negative binding interactions between compounds identified in the extract and CYP 450 2E1. Better docking scores further validate the protective potential of the top three compounds [9-Octadecenoic acid (-7.9 kCal/ mol.), (E)-, Hexadecanamide (-7.5 kCal/mol.), 9-Octadecenamide, (Z)- (-7.8 kCal/mol.)] identified in B. sapida ethanol extract against the molecular protein target compared with ademethionine, the standard drug (-6.6 kCal/ mol.). The study concluded that Blighia sapida extract shows promises as a sustainable intervention against kerosene-induced toxicity in aquatic organisms. Also, the top three compounds fingerprinted from the extract of this plant, unlike the standard compound, exhibited adequate drug-like properties.
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    Zeolitic imidazolate framework improved vanadium ferrite: toxicological profile and its utility in the photodegradation of some selected antibiotics in aqueous solution
    (Elsevier, 2025) Adesina Adedotun Fikayo
    Zeolitic imidazolate framework improved vanadium ferrite (VFe2O4@monoZIF-8) was prepared to purify a ciprofloxacin (CP), ampicillin (AP), and erythromycin (EY) contaminated water system via a visible light driven photocatalytic process. Furthermore, VFe2O4@monoZIF-8 was evaluated for its hepato-renal toxicity in Wistar rats to establish its toxicity profile. Characterization of VFe2O4@monoZIF-8 was performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry evaluation (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The VFe2O4@monoZIF-8 crystallite size determined by XRD is 34.32 nm, while the average particle size from the TEM image is 162.32 nm. The surface of VFe2O4@monoZIF-8 as shown in the SEM image is homogeneous having hexagonal and asymmetrically shaped particles. EDX results confirmed vanadium (V), iron (Fe), oxygen (O), carbon (C) and zinc (Zn) as the constituent elements. The bandgap energy is 2.18 eV. VFe2O4@monoZIF-8 completely (100%) photodegraded all the antibiotics (CP, AP and EY). In the 10th regeneration cycle, the degradation efficiency for CP was 95.10 ± 1.00%, for AP it was 98.60 ± 1.00% and for EY it was 98.60 ± 0.70%. VFe2O4@monoZIF-8 exhibited no significant changes in the plasma creatine, urea and uric acid levels of rats studied, suggesting healthy function of the studied kidneys. Furthermore, there was no significant effect on plasma electrolyte, sodium and potassium levels. The photocatalytic degradation capacity of VFe2O4@monoZIF-8 compared favorably with previous studies with minimal toxicity to the hepato-renal system, which suggests VFe2O4@monoZIF-8 as a potential resource for decontaminating antibiotic polluted water systems