Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences
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Browsing Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences by Author "Ojedoyin, Olusegun Olatunji"
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- ItemA scoping review on the implementation of Global Observatory on Physical Activity recommendations for school children in SubSaharan Africa(HEALTH PROMOTION PERSPECTIVES, 2022-12-31) Ojedoyin, Olusegun OlatunjiBackground: Promoting physical activity (PA) is a critical first step in preventing and lowering the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases across all age groups. The Global Observatory on Physical Activity (GoPA) of the World Health Organization (WHO) suggested country-specific guidelines for promoting PA across all age categories to achieve this. However, despite an increase in obesity, there is no information on their compliance for pre-secondary school children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We mapped evidence in the literature and described the available evidence on implementing GoPA recommendations for presecondary school children in SSA. Methods: This scoping review included a search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Library with the dates 2013–2020, using keywords and the terms (Physical activity OR exercise AND (GoPA recommendations OR Guidelines) AND ((presecondary school children) OR (primary school children) OR (basic school children) OR (children)). The most important data were tabulated. Results: Twenty-three studies were identified of which ten were eligible for data extraction. Of these ten studies, 2 (20%) were conducted in Nigeria, 4 (40%) in South Africa, 2 (20%) in Ghana and 1(10%) each in Kenya and Senegal were extracted. None of these nations has a national plan or strategy to promote PA and reduce sedentary behaviors (SB). Conclusion: A gap in the formulation of PA guidelines exists in SSA. Urgent action is needed for a national plan or strategy by individual country in SSA to reduce the burden of physical inactivity among school children in SSA.
- ItemComparative assessment of back extensor muscles' endurance between nulliparous and parous women(Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 20(4):143-149, 2007-12) Ojedoyin, Olusegun OlatunjiAbstract.Background and objective: Poor endurance of the back extensor muscles has been reported among more women thanmen. There are several reported reasons for itspredilection but the influence of parity has not been investigated. The objective ofthis study was to investigate the influence of parity on back extensor muscles’ endurance between nulliparous and parous women.Methods and Results: 146 women whose ages ranged between 21 to 60 years were recruited into the study using sampling ofconvenience. This consisted of 77 nulliparous women group (21–42 years) with a mean age of 32.7 ±5.7 years and the parouswomen group (26–60 years) with a mean age of 41.2 ±9.9 years. The participants performed the Biering-Sørenson test of Static Muscular Endurance (BSME) and their height, weight and percentage body fat were measured using standard procedures. Body Mass Index (BMI) and lean body mass (LBM) and body fat mass (BFM) were calculated. Data were summarized using the descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, Pearson’s Chi-square, Independent t-test, and Analysis of Variance were usedas applicable. The αlevel was set at 0.05. The finding of this study showed that parous women were significantly older, heavier and had greater level of adiposity than their nulliparous counterparts. The result indicated a significant association between parity and endurance time (X2=88.05; P=0.020), nulliparous women have significantly greater back extensor muscles’ endurance(t=4.902; P=0.000) when compared to parous women. The results suggested that the significant age and anthropometric difference between the nulliparous and parous women could contribute to the endurance differences. Number of parity is much related to back extensor muscle endurance (F=22.32; P=0.000). Back extensor muscles’ endurance decreases as the number of parity increases. Conclusion: Our results suggest that parity is an important factor in the aetiology of low back extensor muscles endurance among women. Keywords: Back extensor muscles’ endurance, nulliparous, parous, women
- ItemLevels and Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour of Primary School Learners in Lagos State, Nigeria(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 2022) Ojedoyin, Olusegun OlatunjiBackground: Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) assessment in children is critical for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. African studies examining PA and SB of primary school-age children are few. This study investigated PA, SB levels and their correlates among primary school children in Lagos, Nigeria. Method: In a cross-sectional study of 733 learners, their self-reported PA and SB were assessed using the Children PA Questionnaire (CPAQ) (6–9 years age category) and Youth Activity Profile (YAP) (10–12 years age category) while pedometers were used for objective PA and SB assessment, and socioeconomic status (SES) index were measured using a structured questionnaire. Standardised procedures were used for anthropometric and cardiovascular measures. Results Based on CPAQ, 87.5% and 100% of the learners aged 6–9 years met the recommended PA and SB guidelines, respectively which were lower with pedometers (72.8% and 87.3%). The proportion of boys aged 6–9 years who met the guidelines for PA and SB (using pedometer) was significantly higher than that of the girls(PA: 80.7% vs. 64%, p = 0.018; SB: 94% vs. 80%, p = 0.008). Self-reported PA was positively associated with age (CPAQ: B = 455.39, p < 0.001; YAP: B = 1.638, p = 0.009) and negatively with SES (CPAQ: B = −201.39, p < 0.001; YAP: B = −1.000, p < 0.001). Objective PA was positively associated with waist to hip ratio(WHR) (6–9 years: B = 66090.24, p = 0.032) and negatively with sex (6–9 years: B = −5533.41, p = 0.027) and hip circumference (10–12 years: B = −1269.13, p = 0.017). SB was associated with SES in learners aged 10–12 years (B = −0.282, p = 0.003).Conclusion: High SES is a major predictor of reduced PA among these cohort of learners.
- ItemPrevalence of Low Physical Fitness and Its Related Factors Among Primary School Learners in Lagos State, Nigeria(2022) Ojedoyin, Olusegun OlatunjiBackground and Purpose: Current evidence shows that physical fitness (PF) is declining among children and adolescents in Africa and worldwide, and this trend is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the baseline PF data of primary school children in Lagos State, Nigeria, and to determine the predictors of low PF within the cohort. Materials and Methods:A total of 733 primary school children aged 6-12 years in Lagos, Nigeria, were included in this cross-sectional quantitative study. PF measures were assessed using the Eurofit battery test including sit and reach (S&R), standing long jump (SLJ), sit-ups (SU), 5 m shuttle run test (5 m-SRT), and cricket ball throw (CBT). A structured questionnaire was used to determine the socio-demographic factors. Anthropometric and cardiovascular measurements were performed using standardized protocols. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, median, and quartiles, and inferential statistics of the MannWhitney U test, Quade analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) correlation matrix, and multiple linear regression model. Results:Boys showed significantly higher SU counts (P<0.001), higher CBT (P<0.001), lower 5 m SRT (P=0.003), and the same SLJ (P=0.008) than girls, while S&R scores were statistically comparable (P=0.135). Also, the results showed that sex (B=-0.647, P=0.015), height (B=0.831, P=0.0001), weight (B=-0.641, P=0.007), and hip circumference (HC) (B=0.955, P=0.009) were significantly associated with total PF (measured using S&R, SLJ, SU,5 m SRT, and CBT). Conclusion: Increased weight and gender were the main predictors of low PF among primary school children in Lagos, Nigeria.