Browsing by Author "Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin"

Now showing 1 - 18 of 18
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    African Diaspora in the Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development of Africa
    (Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2008) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    This paper examines the role of the African diasporic communities in post-conflict peace building of war torn homelands. The aftermath of armed conflicts in African states is always a critical period necessitating financial, physical and human assistance from local and international bodies, both non-governmental and governmental. These bodies are known to have the capability to intervene in the rehabilitation and reintegration of war victims as well as reconstruction of states in war-torn countries. It is in this regard that the role of the African diaspora has become very pertinent, even then, most writings focus on the African disapora's role to immediate families during and after wars, either in form of remittances or relocation abroad. Therefore, this paper intends to explore the diasporic post-conflict peacebuilding role in the public space, the kinds of agencies institutionalized by them and the consequences of their participation in building peace in war-torn homelands.
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    The Challenges of Reintegration in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding: The Case of Nigeria's Niger Delta Region
    (Social Science Research Council, 2018-05) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
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    Culture, Tourism and Peace-Building in Nigeria
    (Babcock University Press, 2015) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
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    Internal Child Trafficking in Nigeria: Transcending Legal Borders
    (CODESRIA, 2004) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    This chapter explores the linkage between internal trafficking of children and their use as domestics in Lagos, Nigeria. The focus on child domestics is borne out of the triple tragedies they face, first as young children moved from their villages to the cities; face unbearable modes of transportation; stay within household that they are not used to; and suffer most abuses such as working long hours, poorly remunerated, and particularly vulnerable to sexual abuses within the households. Yet they remain silent and invisible while they suffer untold tragedies because scholarly works on them are scanty. This chapter opens up the phenomenon and explores various international and national legal documents aimed to protect them, evaluate challenges to policy implementation, and prescribes suggestions
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    International Humanitarian Law and Child Soldiers in Africa
    (Covenant Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 2008) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    The intensity at which children are turned into soldiers for prosecuting Africa's unending wars has become unbearable. The recruitment of child soldiers in war-torn African countries, though an age-long phenomenon, is a continuation of the whole problem of abuse faced by children in African states today. The result has been the coming into force and enforcement of various international humanitarian conventions to eradicate the negative trends. While the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child forms the basis for the protection of children's rights, both in peace and war, the 2000 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on Children in • Armed Conflict strengthens the protection of children as participants in war and concretizes the age at which a person can participate in armed conflicts. More importantly, the 1998 Rome Statute condemns child soldiering and terms it as 'war crime'. But how far have these conventions gone in eradicating child soldiers' phenomenon in Africa? This paper makes it glaring that considering the factors responsible for the conscription of child soldiers, either forcible or voluntary, in Africa's wars, the international standards have become mere cosmetics, documented for posterity sake, and violated in wars. Therefore, beyond paper protection, efforts of the national and international community should focus on combating the political, economic, social and cultural problems within the African milieu, and strengthen the international concerns militating against the guaranteeing of child rights and protection. In conclusion, this paper focuses on the best measures, which cannot be separated from the state itself
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    Navigating African Solution to Africa’s Terrorism: The African Union Experience
    (HUMASS: McU Journal of Humanities, Management, Applied and Social Sciences, 2017) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    This article examines the efforts made by the African Union, a regional actor, to counter terrorism in Africa. In recent times, there has been the vulnerability of African region to increasing terrorist activities, including those perpetrated by Boko Haram group in Nigeria and al-Shabaab group in Somalia; the consequences of such attacks on the affected countries and neighbouring countries; and the weak capacities of countries to respond to the violent attacks. Owing to the dictum that ‘Africa’s problems should be resolved by Africa’, it has become pertinent to explore the reactions of the African Union to terrorism and the impact of its efforts in developing counter-terrorism strategy
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    Nigeria and ECOWAS: Moving Towards Economic Integration?
    (Nigerian Journal of International Affairs, 2018) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    This paper critically analyses Nigeria's participation in ensuring the materialization of the economic integration objective of the ECOWAS against the backdrop of its hegemonic stance within the region. Nigeria championed the realization of the regional economic body in 1975; however, its political activities in the areas of conflict resolution, counter-terrorism and good governance in recent years have gained huge scholarly attention whereas the knowledge of the pursuance of its 1975 ECOWAS goals is quite scanty. This paper argues, based on both primary and secondary data that despite its significant shift to humanitarian and governance issues, Nigeria has been active in fulfilling the tenets of the 1975 ECOWAS Treaty, though several challenges, both external and internal, hinder the fulfillment of such economic integration and development in the region. This paper reveals that these challenges, to a great extent, undermine Nigeria's hegemonic role and its economic initiatives. It concludes that Nigeria's role in ECOWAS is critical to the economic stability of the region and thus should be consolidated regardless her internal limitations.
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    Nigeria and ECOWAS: Moving Towards Actualizing Economic Integration?
    (Nigerian Journal of International Affairs, 2018) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    This paper critically analyses Nigeria’s participation in ensuring the materialization of the economic integration objective of the ECOWAS against the backdrop of its hegemonic stance within the region. Nigeria championed the realization of the regional economic body in 1975; however, its political activities in the areas of conflict resolution, counter-terrorism and good governance in recent years have gained huge scholarly attention whereas the knowledge of the pursuance of its 1975 ECOWAS goals is quite scanty. This paper argues, based on both primary and secondary data that despite its significant shift to humanitarian and governance issues, Nigeria has been active in fulfilling the tenets of the 1975 ECOWAS treaty, though several challenges, both external and internal, hinder the fulfilment of such economic integration and development in the region. This paper reveals that these challenges, to a great extent, undermine Nigeria’s hegemonic role and its economic initiatives. It concludes that Nigeria’s role in ECOWAS is critical to the economic stability of the region and thus should be consolidated regardless her internal limitations
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    No More Glass Ceiling? Negotiating Women’s Leadership Role in Eternal Sacred Order of Cherubim and Seraphim
    (The Journal of Pan African Studies, 2012) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    This article discusses ways in which women negotiate leadership role in the religious sphere, particularly in the Eternal Sacred Order of Cherubim and Seraphim Church against the patriarchal religious precepts that deny women space at the level of priesthood hierarchy. In the light of physical and spiritual challenges in the environment, women constitute the majority in any church population and play very active roles within it. Nevertheless, in spite of their size and social role, which should naturally provide expression of identity, they continue to be underrepresented and marginalized at the highest levels of religious leadership. However, in recent times,women have made concerted efforts to negotiate their relevance in either forming their own churches or striving for importance through evolving programs that put them on the leadership terrain. The degree to which they have succeeded in negotiating this role becomes the basis of this study. From the study carried out, within the Eternal Sacred Order of Cherubim and Seraphim (ESOCS), one of the factions of the several Cherubim and Seraphim Churches, it has been observed that women do not challenge male constructions of leadership but strive to secure their rightful place in the church within the limited women space. This study is guided by the fact that religion, though concerned with supernatural and eternal is a cultural construct which makes it imperative to examine its involvement in power relations and how power sustains it. This study concludes that in spite of the struggles to emerge at the topmost hierarchy, deep-seated traditional and spiritual factors continue to impinge on their overall leadership goal and until changes occur, women in ESOCS will continue to remain in the margins
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    Oil and Youth Militancy in Nigeria’s Niger Delta Region
    (Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2010) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    This study explores the myriad of reasons responsible for the role of the youth in violence in the Niger Delta region. Based on data drawn from primary studies of community youth groups in four oil-rich communities in Bayelsa and Rivers States and secondary sources, findings reveal that community youth revolt over socio-economic and political deprivation arising from oil exploitation and exploration by multinational oil corporations in collaboration with the Nigerian state. These deprivations and marginalisation have transformed youth from merely engaging in community protests to militancy with deleterious consequences threatening the security of the region
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    Police and the Institution of Corruption in Nigeria,
    (Policing and Society, 2011) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    This paper explores the nexus between the police and corruption in Nigeria. Based on an empirical study of the role of the police, utilising Lagos State as a case study, it was observed that corrupt practices in the police force are not a one-off event, rather they constitute a web of structural and accentuating factors, which are analysed within the political, economic, social and cultural milieu. These factors are deep-seated and have worsened the means and methods used by police officers in perpetuating corruption. However, in spite of this phenomenon, academic writings on the phenomenon in Nigeria have remained scanty; hence, policy recommendations for tackling it are inadequate. Therefore, a study of this nature is not only timely but urgent. The negative implications of corruption by the police for security and national development cannot be over emphasised. Therefore combating this phenomenon will necessitate a holistic approach that transcends mere income improvement.
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    Post-Amnesty Programme in the Niger Delta: Challenges and Prospects
    (Conflict Trends, 2011) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
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    Post-Amnesty Reintegration and Peacebuilding Challenges in Nigeria’s Niger Delta Region: The Way Forward
    (2014) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    This short note gives a brief explanation of the implementation of the reintegration phase in the Niger Delta region. It points out distinctively, the major challenges impeding the success of the peacebuilding process and these are related to the crisis of inclusion and exclusion of ex-militants and leaders of militant groups; diversion of amnesty funds to private use; the emergence of gatecrashers, connected to patron-client political networks seeking to benefit from the ample resources and opportunities offered by the programme. These challenges have engendered resurgence. The note suggests re-organisation of the programme, a proper reconciliation that would include community participation and reintegration that must be linked to security and human development of oil-based communities among other suggestions.
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    Post-Conflict Peacebuilding and Environmental Governance: Implications for Peace and Security in the Niger Delta Region
    (2018) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    It is a short note to the editor identifying the post-conflict peacebuilding crisis in the Niger Delta region, including the re-emergence of armed groups in the region, adoption of alternative strategies for survival such as illegal oil bunkering, sea piracy, kidnapping, and other criminal activities. In the face of the challenges bedevilling the current peacebuilding efforts, this note suggests as a matter of urgency, environmental justice and governance that would help address the roots of conflict in the region. It argues for local initiatives that effectively combine inclusive and participatory forms of governance with environmentally sensitive grassroot development.
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    Sexual Violence against Women in Africa's Wars and the International Response
    (Crawford Journal of Social Sciences, 2011) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    Generally, women are victims of sexual violence in both peace and wartimes. However, an excruciating fact in most of Africa's wars is that women's bodies are turned into instruments of war. Sexual violence against women (as well as girls) is not limited to their egregious manipulation by warlords and other male combatants who exploit women and girls as sex slaves, war shields, charm neutralizers and combatants, but includes exploitation by state armed forces, international peacekeepers and other mission bodies for selfish interests such as 'sex for food' or 'sex for shelter' campaign. Either as perpetrators or victims in Africa's wars, women's bodies are violated in a gendered manner. Though the international community through the United Nations has been very responsive in combating this phenomenon, these responses are faced with several complexities ranging from inadequate understanding of the conceptual paradigm to implementation capacity, therefore, resulting in the increase in the perpetration of sexual violence in wars. What are these responses? Are these responses adequate in stemming the tide of sexual violence against women? This study concludes that measures to combat this phenomenon must consider all the peacetime factors throwing up sexual violence against women and girls in wars, the dynamics of the African cultural and political setting, and strengthening of punitive measures.
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    The Cost of Natural Resources Conflict on Africa's Development
    (Kaduna Journal of Humanities, 2021) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    This article analyzes the natural resource-conflict linkage and its implications for Africa's development. Africa is blessed with abundant natural resources, yet with the most violent conflict with debilitating outcomes. Scholars have shown that natural resources are never the sole source of conflict, but the presence of such natural resources, exacerbates the risks of conflict to the extent that Africa's resources are categorised as a curse rather than a blessing. While much scholarly attention has been drawn to the drivers of resource conflicts, the implications of such conflicts for Africa's development are still understudied. Unfortunately, underdevelopment further drives more violent conflict, turning the phenomenon into a vicious cycle. This article, therefore, explores the paradox of abundant natural resources and increasing waves of conflict and ways in which the paradox has negatively impacted Africa's development process. It recommends an articulate understanding of the natural resource conflict-development nexus, which will no doubt help to promptly tackle natural resource crises in Africa
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    The Phenomenon of Child Soldiers in Liberia and Sierra Leone
    (African Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 2003) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
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    Why Are Women Victims or Perpetrators in Nigeria’s Boko Haram? Recruitment, Roles and Implications
    (Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 2021) Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin
    This article explores the intersections of the factors influencing women as victims and perpetrators in Northeast Nigeria’s Boko Haram. Studies on terrorism in Nigeria’s Northeast region reveal that women are not only turned into victims but have emerged as active participants, who vent ‘terror’ on innocent people. However, missing in the studies is the intersection of the motivations driving victimisation and perpetration of violence. The absence has had negative impacts on policymaking and implementation aimed at combating terrorism. Therefore, relying on secondary data, this study argues that the motivations for women’s recruitment as victims and perpetrators are not binary but fluid in nature. The study concludes that there is a need for a deeper understanding of the fluidity to activate policies that will bring such phenomenon to an end in a counter-terrorism framework