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Browsing by Author "Bello, Ibukunoluwa"

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Comparative Analysis of Meseron Therapy and Harmony Restoration Therapy
(Journal of Behavioural Studies, 2019) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
Psychotherapy has been proven effective for the management of psychological disturbances. Indigenous psychotherapies, with which a client can identify, are often more effective than foreign ones. African perspectives of psychotherapy are scanty. This is a comparative analysis of two psychotherapies of Nigerian origin which are Awaritefe’s Meseron and Ebigbo’s Harmony Restoration Therapies.‘Meseron,’ an Urhobo (Nigerian) word denoting “I reject it” stresses the synergy of thoughts, words and actions. Meseron therapy (MT) is rooted in the Nigerian belief in the power of spoken words, its potency meanings and consequences; culminating in rejecting the negatives and accepting the positives. It aims at removing undesirable conditions, changing concept and values, exploring resources, self-growth, insight, emotional reorganization and change of habits. Harmony Restoration Therapy (HRT) is based on the Igbo (Nigerian) cultural belief that to be in good health, one must be in harmony with one’s environment. HRT believes that the world is cosmocentric and tripartite consisting of the endocosmos, the mesocosmos and the exocosmos, which represent the various relationships an individual entertains and his/her level of harmony or disharmony. A comparative appraisal of MT and HRT shows that despite having several similarities, major differences abound in their theories of human nature, aetiology of psychopathology, psychotherapeutic orientation, therapeutic techniques and emphasis on the locus of control. This study recommends that further studies on the subject matter as well as the use of these psychotherapies among Africans should be imbibed in Clinical Psychology practice.
Comparison between Cognitive Behaviour, Rational Emotive Behaviour and Meseron Therapies
(International Journal For Psychotherapy In Africa, 2020-04-09) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy [REBT], Cognitive Behaviour Therapy [CBT] and Meseron Therapy are three uniquely and very effective cognitive therapies used in clinical psychology practice. It is essential to clearly spell out the difference in the therapies as some psychologists in the past have experienced difficulty differentiating them. Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy [REBT] was developed by Albert Ellis [1962] based on the rationale that irrational thinking is the root cause of psychological disturbances. Cognitive behaviour therapy [CBT] by Aaron Beck [1976], posits that how individuals view situations may result in psychological disturbances while Meseron Therapy by Alfred Awaritefe [1995] postulates that psychological disturbances arise as a result of faulty speaking as seen in the distortion of our appraisal mechanism, acquiescing to negativity and incongruence of striving and goals. This paper attempts to further explain each therapy in detail.
Drug Use, Driving Behaviour, Accident Rate and Passengers' Injury among Commercial Drivers in Oshodi Lagos, Nigeria
(The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2020-04) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
Most drivers across the world, particularly long-distance drivers suffer from sleep deprivation, and physical and psychological stress in the line of their duties. To prevent these, a significant number of them use substances, even at the expense of their health, to remain awake and relieve fatigue in the course of their long-distance driving. At its most extreme, this act has been identified as a precursor of auto-accident, passenger injury and risky driving behaviour. In Nigeria, however, the effects of drug use on the driving behaviour of commercial drivers, and the concomitant effects of such actions on the physical and psychosocial health of passengers and other road users is yet to be given adequate research attention. To this end, this study examined how substance use of commercial drivers in Lagos metropolis influences their risky driving behaviour, rate of auto-accident, and passengers’ injury. To achieve the above, 478 male commercial drivers were purposively selected (ages 20-68; x =39.4; SD=10) in Oshodi, Lagos Metropolis. The participants responded to Substance Abuse Prevalence Inventory (SAPI), Driving Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) and Accident Rate Questionnaire (ARQ). The results revealed prevalence rates of drug use (36.4%), risky driving behaviour (47.7%), accident rate (13.4%) and passengers’ injury 7.5% (minor injury 4.0%; major injury 3.5%). Results indicated that frequency, quantity and total drug use of drivers independently significantly predict their driving behaviour, accident rate and injury among the passengers.
Marital Satisfaction and Job Commitment of Nigerian Nurses: Implications for Family Value System
(Asian Journal of Research in Nursing and Health, 2019) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
Aim: Work and family domains are interdependent. Job commitment is very important for both employees and employers. The study aims to examine the implications of marital satisfaction and job commitment to the Nigerian family value system. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey design. Place and Duration of Study: Redeemer’s University Osun State, South-West Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 259 nurses (50 males and 209 females) purposively selected from two general hospitals in Osun State Nigeria responded to Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMSS) and Organisational Commitment Scale (OCS). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. Results: Age was observed to have a significant inverse relationship with job commitment and identification. Length of marriage has a significant inverse relationship with job identification. Marital satisfaction (R² =.073, p=.005), age (R² = .022, p= .015), and length of marriage (R² = .001, p =.035) were found to significantly predict job commitment. Also job status had significant influence on identification (t (256) = 2.35, p=019) and job commitment (t (257) = 2.49. p=.014). Conclusion: Authors concluded that age is inversely related to job commitment as well as job identification, that marital satisfaction, age, and length of marriage are significant independent predictors of job commitment among nurses. For positive job commitment appreciation of family value systems and employees, marital satisfaction should be among employers’ top priority. Organisational policies that promote work-life balance should be encouraged especially in healthcare institutions.
Meseron Therapy and Christian Counselling: A Synergy
(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2020-04) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
Christian Counselling (CC) is the practice of talking with individuals, couples, and families to increase their understanding of emotional and religious conflicts and to help resolve problems using Christian religious injunctions and other related resources. Meseron Therapy (MT) was developed in accordance with the Nigerian belief in the power, potency and meaning of spoken words and its consequences. MT entails rejecting negativities and accepting the positives, with the techniques of MT reflecting a cognitive orientation. MT and CC approaches have several common grounds. The basic assumptions of MT such as the power of the spoken words to sensitize action, the ignition of man’s inherent potential for change, replacement of a negative status quo with constructive actions and the view of man as a striving creature all have Biblical support. Also, MT’s views on human nature and the causes of psychological disturbance agree with Christian teachings and beliefs. Application of Meseron therapeutic techniques and procedures to CC can be done by using Biblical teachings to enable clients sustain good health, encouraging the good use of endowments, assisting client in mental restructuring through motivation to strive, building and encouraging possibility thinking, enabling the clients to reject distractions from goal accomplishments and getting clients to say it right and synergize their thoughts, words and actions.
Overlapping Stigmas as Predictors of Attitudes towards People Living with HIV/AIDS among Youth Healthcare Professionals in Nigeria
(Ife Social Sciences Review, 2021-11) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
Living with HIV is often connected with some overlapping experiences that are stigmatising and could aggravate attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study examined the influence of overlapping stigmas (homophobia, ethnic discrimination, sexism, injection drug use, and sex work) on the attitude towards PLWHA of serving healthcare professionals in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) Nigeria. NYSC members comprised fresh Nigerian graduates of tertiary institutions who were 30 years and below on mandatory service to the nation. NYSC members totalling 325 participants responded to structured psychological scales. This study utilised a survey research design and employed appropriate statistical analysis such as regression. The results revealed that overlapping stigmas jointly accounted for (55.1%) of the total variation in Attitude towards PLWHA. All the overlapping stigmas significantly correlated with Attitude towards PLWHA. The implication of the findings was discussed in line with the decline of HIV/AIDS and implementation of the agenda of Sustainable Development Goals
Parental Styles, Self-Concept and Depressive Symptoms among Nigerian Adolescents
(International Journal of Arts and Social Science, 2020-06) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
Parental styles and negative self-concept are risk factors for depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. 305 secondary school students (x =15.47; SD = 1.44) in Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria selected using multistage sampling technique responded to Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), Children Depression Inventory (CDI), and Multidimensional Self-Concept Scale (MSCS). Findings reveals 2% prevalence of severe level of depressive symptoms as well as a significant negative relationship between depressive symptoms and father (r = -0.257; p < 0.05) and mother (r = -0.191; p < 0.05) authoritative parental styles. Also, children of single parents reported significantly higher depressive symptoms than those whose parents were living together(Mean difference = 3.06). The study identified significant negative relationships between self-regard dimension of self-concept (r = -.31, p <.01); social confidence (r = -.18, p <.01); school ability (r = -.22, p <.01); physical appearance (r = -.24, p <.01); physical abilities (r = -.17, p <.01) and depression among the students. This implies that the lower the global and specific dimensions of self-concept, the higher the depressive symptoms reported by the students. The study concludes that authoritative parental styles and negative self-concept influence the manifestations of depressive symptoms among secondary school students
Predictive Influence of Self-Efficacy on Infant Feeding Attitudes in Postpartum Mothers
(Journal of Behavioural Studies, 2021-10) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
Appropriate infant feeding practices have been identified as key in ameliorating the illness and death rate of infants and children under 5 in low resource countries. Despite national and international efforts at encouraging appropriate infant feeding practices, many young children still suffer the direct and indirect effects of poor nutrition. The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study involving mothers attending a primary health care centre in Ede, Osun State. One hundred and sixty-three (163) women were surveyed with regards to their attitude to infant feeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy using a set of structured questionnaires. Self-efficacy significantly predicted infant feeding attitude [F (1, 163) = 4.31, p =.040] with mothers in 31-50age bracket demonstrating a more positive attitude to breastfeeding than women of other ages. Although breastfeeding practice was universal in the study area, infant feeding attitude was neutral suggesting ambivalence in adhering to recommended infant feeding guidelines. There is a need to tailor infant feeding information towards women in younger age groups towards creating awareness about the positive lifelong effect of appropriate infant feeding practice on their own children’s health status.
Psychoactive Substance Use, Sexual Harassment, and Self-Esteem among Female Nigerian Undergraduates: Prevalence, Patterns, and Associations
(International Journal High Risk Behaviors & Addiction, 2020-06) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
Background: Globally, psychoactive substance use (PSU) and sexual harassment of female undergraduates are strongly linked and regarded as major public health concerns. However, research efforts on these problems are yet to be given adequate attention in Nigeria. Objectives: This study examined the patterns and predictive influence of PSU on exposure to sexual harassment and the self-esteem of female undergraduates. Patients and Methods: Stratified sampling was used to select 500 female polytechnic undergraduates (mean age = 20.8), across four randomly selected departments, who responded to Sexual Experiences survey (SES), Substance Abuse Prevalence scale (SAPS),and Rosenberg Self- Esteem scale. Data collection took place in the school community within five days. Frequency counts were employed to analyze participants’ demographic characteristics, while multiple regression analysis was used to answer the research questions. Results: Reported patterns of sexual harassment were 62.8%, ranging from 7.4% rape to 39.2% sexual contact. 26.8% of the sexual harassment took place in the school environment with school mates and teachers as perpetrators. The prevalence of PSU was 73.4%.A significant positive correlation was observed between age and PSU, between age and sexual harassment, and between PSU and sexual harassment. PSU significantly predicted exposure to sexual harassment (R2 = 0.065, P = 0.005) but failed to predict self-esteem significantly (R2 = 0.028, P = 0.115).Conclusions: Our findings revealed the need to urgently curtail sexual harassment of students, considering the threats it poses to the Nigerian academic clime and its staggering cost to the current and future states of the Nigerian society at large.
Psychometric Properties of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) on Young Nigerian People
(Psychology, 2022-03) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to validate the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) on Nigerian university undergraduates. A multistage sampling technique was used to purposively select 1338 (mean age ± SD 19.86 ± 2.95) participants made up of 512 (38.3%) male, and 826 (61.7%) were female. Participants were drawn from four selected universities in Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. Participants responded to the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Structured Interview for Disorders of Extreme Stress (SIDES) Affect Dysregulation Scale. Observed internal consistency of DERS showed a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .90, a Spearman-Brown coefficient of .80 and Guttman Split-Half coefficient of .80. The items that measure awareness of emotion had a weak corrected item-total correlation and did not discriminate well. A significant positive correlation was observed between DERS and SIDES, revealing a correlation coefficient validity score of (r = .622, p = .000). The DERS has acceptable psychometric properties for the Nigerian population. Observed gender-based norms were ≥113.15 and ≥114.07 for male and female respectively. DERS is found to be gender-sensitive. A re-work or expunging of the items measuring awareness to fit with the construct of emotional regulation was recommended.
Self-Medication in Pregnancy and Associated Psychopathological Symptoms of Antenatal Nigerian Women
(Psychology, 2020-12) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
The physical and psychological health challenges of Self-Medication (SM) for a pregnant woman and the unborn child spotlights it as an emergency. This unwraps a gap in epidemiological studies on SM and associated psychopathological symptoms among Nigerian pregnant women. This study examines the predictive influence of self-medication with Over The Counter (OTC)drugs on manifested psychopathological symptoms among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, southwestern Nigeria. Purposively selected 277 pregnant women ( x age =29.33; SD = 4.77) participated in the study. The participants responded to the Substance Abuse Prevalence Inventory, Self-Medication Test (SMT), and Awaritefe Psychological Index (API). Findings reveal a low prevalence of psychoactive drug use (2.8%) and a high prevalence of (OTC) drug self-medication (31.4%) and psychopathological symptoms (34.7%). Self-medication with OTC drugs independently and significantly predicted severities of insomnia (β = .178, p = .001), intellect disorder (β = .244, p = .000), heat dis-order ( β = .109, p = .046), mood disorder (β = .188, p = .001), head region disorder (β = .162, p = .003), alimentary tract disorder (β = .118, p = .030),general somatic disorder (β = .244, p = .000), and general psychopathology (β= .229, p = .000). The study reports a high prevalence of psychopathological symptoms among the Nigerian sample and concludes that the SM of OTC drugs is a significant predictor of the severity of the symptoms of psychopathology among pregnant women.
Undergraduates' Perception of Dress Code Restrictions in Religious Affiliated Universities in Ogun State, Nigeria
(Ife PsychologIA, 2016) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
In the past two or three decades, dress code restriction in its various forms and contexts has emerged as one of the frequently discussed issues in many higher institutions of learning in the world. Administrators in higher institutions of learning worldwide have lend credence to the claim that measures of dress code restrictions encourage equality and proper behaviour and discourage gangs and offensive clothing. While this has generated much excitement for some; divergent views, perspectives and questions have also being raised on whether dress restrictions have enduring qualities that will promote positive expressiveness of undergraduates both socio-psychologically and otherwise. Based on the foregoing, this study looks into undergraduates perception of these restrictions by examining the level of awareness of undergraduates of dress code restrictions before they were admitted into universities, the extent to which this determined their choice of universities and sought explanations on the coping strategies of students whose dress sense in pre-varsity years is averse to their institutions’ dress code rules. The paper, leaning on findings generated from the analysis of data collected via questionnaire survey and focus group discussion sessions concludes that dress code restrictions in tertiary institutions indeed generate positive and negative outcomes for students. However, the study also reveals that there is a need for the university management to understand undergraduates’ perspectives on dress code restrictions in order to achieve their desired ends.
Validation of Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale among Nigerian University Undergraduates
(European Science Review, 2020-08) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
Background: Research studies show a high penetration rate of Facebook usage among Nigerian most of which are compulsive. The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) had been validated in many languages and is used in many countries but not yet in Nigeria. This study validates BFAS to determine psychometric properties acceptable for Nigerian population. Method: A total of 864 (mean age 20.5) undergraduates purposively selected from two state-owned and two privately owned Universities in Osun state southwestern Nigeria made up of 352 male and 512 females, participated in the study. Participants responded to Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short Version (SAS-SV). Results: Determined new norm for the six factors of BFAS for both male and female ranged from ≥ 42.3 (relapse) to ≥ 50.5 (mood modification). Internal consistency showed a Cronbach’s coefficient of .90, a Spearman-Brown coefficient of .83 and Guttman Split-Half coefficient of .83. All items in the scale reported acceptable goodness-of-fit measures revealing corrected item-total correlations range of .88 to .90. All the factors of BFAS had acceptable Cronbach standardized alpha ranging from salience .73, to mood modification .81. Significant positive correlation was observed between the scales revealing concurrent validity scores of r = .558, p= .000 between BFAS and SAS-SV and r = .508, p = .000 between BFAS and IAT. Conclusion: BFAS is none gender sensitive and has acceptable psychometric properties for Nigerian population.
Validation of Burnout Questionnaire among Automobile Apprentice Artisans in Osun State Nigeria
(African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, 2022-03) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to validate the Burnout Questionnaire (BQ) on Nigerian automobile apprentice artisan. A multistage sampling technique was used to purposively select 150 (mean age ± SD 21.4±3.6). A total of 150male participants were drawn from selected communities in Ede metropolis Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. The participants responded to the Burnout Questionnaire, and the Mashlash Burnout Inventory (MBI). Internal consistency of Burnout Questionnaire showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .83, a Spearman-Brown coefficient of .87 and a Guttman Split-Half coefficient of .74. A significant positive correlation was observed between Burnout Questionnaire and MBI, revealing a correlation coefficient validity score of (r = .690, p= .001). The Burnout Question has acceptable psychometric properties for the Nigerian population. The observed group based norm was ≥48.16. Based on the findings, the 17-item of Burnout Questionnaire showed good internal reliability and a valid measure of symptoms of burnout. The authors concluded that Burnout Questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties for the Nigerian population as it fits well to the Nigerian socio-cultural setting as a measure of burnout symptoms.
Validation of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support on Nigerian Female Undergraduates
(Journal of Education Society and Behavioural Science, 2022-03) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
Social support is a vital factor in promoting physical and psychological well-being. The cross-sectional survey research design was adopted to validate the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support on Nigerian Female Undergraduates using a sample of 454 Nigerian female undergraduates. Participants responded to the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support(MSPSS), and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (shortened version -12 item). The item-total statistics of the scale indicates that all items present good discrimination. Also, the scale's internal consistency among the Nigerian sample reveals positively significant reliability coefficients. Paired with ISEL-Short Form, MSPSS has good concurrent validity. The authors conclude that MSPSS has appropriate psychometric properties for assessing social support in Nigeria and similar cultural contexts.
Women Abuse Screening Tool: A Validation Study on Nigerian Pregnant Women
(International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 2020-06) Bello, Ibukunoluwa
Domestic violence is identified across the globe as a menace as it poses a threat to the mental health of its victims, the significant others of the victim and the security of a nation at large. In some cases, the victim of domestic violence is a pregnant woman and harm is caused not only to a woman but her fetus also and this calls for urgent psychological assessment and intervention. Although there is no doubt that psychological tests are effective in the assessment of domestic violence, using the psychometric properties obtained from a different population may produce generate inaccurate findings. This paper therefore attempts the validation study of Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) using a sample of 379 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. The study derived a Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability of 0.758, p <.05 and a Guttman split-half coefficient of 0.683, p<.05. Furthermore, concurrent validity of Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) and Ongoing Abuse Screen (OAS) was established as 0.29, p<.05. The norms of the instrument were given as 2.38 for tolerable level of domestic violence and 5.79 for severe and pathological level of domestic violence. Authors conclude that Women Abuse Screening Tool has acceptable psychometric properties to justify its usage for the assessment of level of domestic violence among pregnant women in Nigeria and other nations with similar socio-cultural backgrounds.

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