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Browsing by Author "Adeniyi Samuel Oginni"

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    Antimicrobial use among hospitalized patients: A multi-center, point prevalence survey across public healthcare facilities, Osun State, Nigeria
    (GERMS, 2021) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    Introduction In order to inform sub-national action plan for control of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and benchmark interventions to improve antibiotic use, it is essential to define situations on antibiotic use using standardized tools. We sought to assess quality of antimicrobial prescription across all government healthcare facilities with capacities for in-patient care in the first of the 36 states in Nigeria as part of ongoing state-wide situation analysis on AMR. Methods A survey was conducted between 10-27 June 2019 using the WHO methodology for point prevalence survey on antibiotic use in hosp itals. Data was collected from hospital administrators and records of hospitalized patients. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2010 (Redmond Washington). Results Prevalence of antibiotic use amongst all 321 included patients was 76.6% (246/321). Of all indications recorded, the highest was surgical prophylaxis (96/260, 36.9%) for which there were multiple doses beyond 24 hours in almost all cases (91/96, 94.8%). The largest volume of prescribing took place in the surgical wards, and the most common prescriptions were metronidazole (142/564, 25.2%), cefuroxime (104/564, 18.4%), and ceftriaxone (77/564, 13.7%). Overall, 46.3% of the antibiotics used belong to Access group, 53.5% to watch and only 0.2% to Reserve. Treatment in almost all instances 544/563 (96.6%) was empiric. Conclusions The majority of patients received multiple antibiotics mostly without compliance to guidelines. There was low prescribing of Access antibiotics and excessive use of antibiotics in the Watch group. Antibiotics were used most commonly for surgical prophylaxis but inappropriately. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in this study underscores the crucial need for an action plan incorporating antimicrobial stewardship.
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    Assessment of Selected Heavy Metal Concentrations in Water and Sediment around Ikirun Iron-Smelting Industry, Ikirun, Osun State, Nigeria
    (African Journal of Environmental Health Sciences, 2020) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    This study was carried out on a stream, three ponds, and two wells located within the vicinity of the Iron-smelting industry in Ikirun, Ifelodun Local Government Area of Osun State. Water samples were collected from seven sampling points along the stream, two hand-dug wells, and three ponds. A total of 72 water samples were taken at two-month interval between January and November. Sediments' samples (60) were also collected from the same locations where water was sampled, except for the hand dug wells. Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, As, Pb, and Cd) were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Cadmium (0.01 ± 0.00 mg/l), Pb (0.01 ± 0.00 mg/l), and As (0.01 ± 0.00 mg/l) had concentrations above both World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Industrial Standards (NIS) limits in both the surface and underground waters while Zn (0.13 ± 0.03) and Fe (0.18 ± 0.00 mg/l) had concentrations below the maximum permissible limits of WHO and NIS in both surface and underground water samples. Pb (0.01 ± 0.00), Zn (0.12 ± 0.00), and As (0.01 ± 0.00 mg/l) were observed to be lower in water than their corresponding values in sediment (0.05 ± 0.00, 0.23 ± 0.00, and 0.04 ± 0.00 mg/kg) respectively. The study concluded that the water bodies around the iron-smelting industry have high heavy metal contents above the regulatory standards and the water could not be recommended for drinking purpose.
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    Cancer Distribution Patterns over 5-Year Period (2016-2020) in Ekiti State Cancer Registry, Ido-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria
    (Nigerian Journal of Environment and Health, 2024) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    Cancer is one of the major disease burdens worldwide and the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. In Nigeria, the survival rate is low due to the high cost of treatment and late presentation at the hospitals. According to the 2020 World Cancer Report, prevention is the “only consideration that will credibly decrease [cancer] burden”. The socio-demographic data of 707 cancer patients spanning over five years (2016-2020) were collected from the Ekiti State Cancer Registry at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti (FETHI). Cancer types were distributed as follows in Ekiti state: reproductive (37.2%), breast (33.5%), gastrointestinal tract, GIT, (7.1%), blood and bone marrow (3.1%), colon (3.1%), connective tissue (2.8%), skin (2.7%), metastatic (2.5%), liver and gall bladder (2.3%), brain (1.8%), endocrine (1.8%), kidney (1.6%), lungs (1.0%), lymphoma (0.8%), eye (0.7%) and jaw (0.4%). The number of male and female subjects was 264 (37.3%) and 443 (62.7%), respectively, with 53% of the female subjects presenting with breast cancer. The prevalence of cancer ranged from 0.64 per 100,000 at Ise/Orun LGA to 15.59 per 100,000 at Ido-Osi LGA. The study found that in Ekiti State, cancer occurrence is higher in females than males, the most frequent being cancer of reproductive sites. Furthermore, the average age of cancer patients was 57.8 years.
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    CLINICAL AUDIT OF INTRA-PARTUM CARE AT SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN NIGERIA
    (Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2010) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    Objective: Method: Result: Conclusion: Intra-partum care has a significant influence on birth outcomes. Gap however exists between evidence and practice. This study documented pattern of intra-partum monitoring among birth attendants in public secondary healthcare facilities and related findings to quality of care provided. Intra-partum monitoring records of vaginal examination, fetal heart and blood pressure were reviewed. Research assistants extracted information and documented same in appropriate section of Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment forms. Monitoring records were categorized into optimal and sub-optimal care. Proportions were calculated for parturients who received either optimal or sub-optimal care. Chi-square test of statistics was used to explore differences. Level of significance was p < 0.05. A review of 349 records of paturients was carried out. Their mean age was 23.4 ± 3.3 years. Pregnancy outcome was a live-birth in 329 (97.3%). Optimal care of vaginal examination, fetal heart monitoring and blood pressure measurement was provided in 243 (71.9%), 73 (21.6%) and 52 (15.4%) parturients respectively and diminished significantly as labour progressed. Intra-partum care provided by birth attendants was generally sub-optimal and use of the monitoring records to influence birth outcome is doubtful. Improvement in record keeping practices and skills in intra-partum monitoring for decision making, are suggested.
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    Content of antenatal care services in secondary health care facilities in Nigeria: implication for quality of maternal health care
    (International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2008) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    Objective. To assess the contents of antenatal care and to relate the findings to the adequacy of maternal health care. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Public secondary health-care facilities. Participants. Pregnant women. Interventions. Three hundred and ninety consecutive pregnant women attending 12 selected secondary health facilities were recruited proportionate to the client load recorded for each facility during the year preceding the study. Interviews were conducted using the antenatal care exit interview form of the Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment package. Main Outcome Measures. Antenatal care services provided to pregnant women in current pregnancy. Results. Blood pressure measurement, abdominal palpation and detection of foetal heart rate were provided to all participants. Three hundred and eighty-six (99%) were reached with at least one educational message. One hundred and sixty-seven (42.8%) had haemoglobin or packed cell volume estimated, whereas 168 (43.1%) had urine checked for protein, at least once during antenatal visits. Routine iron and folate supplements, and malaria prophylaxis were, respectively, given to 142 (36.4%) and 25 (6.4%). Conclusions. The antenatal care service as provided had reasonable capacity for intervention against pre-eclampsia and some foetal problems, and could contribute to delivery in a health facility and by a health worker. Capacity to address the possible effects of severe anaemia and malaria in pregnancy was lacking. Equipping health-care facilities with capacity to detect anaemia and proteinuria as well as ensuring that iron and folate supplements, and malaria prophylaxis are given to all pregnant women would help to meet national guidelines and improve quality of service.
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    Implementation of 100% smoke-free law in Uganda: a qualitative study exploring civil society’s perspective
    (BMC Public Health, 2018) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    Background: In 2016, Uganda became one of few sub-Saharan African countries to implement comprehensive national smoke-free legislation. Since the World Health Organisation recommends Civil Society Organisation’s (CSO) involvement to support compliance with smoke-free laws, we explored CSOs’ perceptions of law implementation in Kampala, Uganda, and the challenges and opportunities for achieving compliance. Since hospitality workers tend to have the greatest level of exposure to second-hand smoke, we focussed on implementation in respect to hospitality venues (bars/pubs and restaurants). Methods: In August 2016, three months after law implementation, we invited key Kampala-based CSOs to participate in face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Interviews probed participants’ perceptions about law implementation, barriers impeding compliance, opportunities to enhance compliance, and the role of CSOs in supporting law implementation. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Qualitative content analysis was conducted using the interview transcripts. Results: Fourteen individuals, comprising mainly senior managers from CSOs, participated and reported poor compliance with the smoke-free law in hospitality venues. Respondents noted that contributing factors included low awareness of the law amongst the general public and hospitality staff, limited implementation activities due to scarce resources and lack of coordinated enforcement. Opportunities for improving compliance included capacity building for enforcement agency staff, routine monitoring, rigorous enactment of penalties, and education about the smoke-free law aimed at hospitality venue staff and the general public. Allegations of tobacco industry misinformation were said to have undermined compliance. Civil Society Organisations saw their role as supporting law implementation through education, stakeholder engagement, and evidence-based advocacy. Conclusions: This study suggests that the process of smoke-free law implementation in Uganda has not aligned with World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for implementing smoke-free laws, and highlights that low-income countries may need additional support to enable them to effectively plan for policy implementation and resist industry interference.
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    International collaboration to build tobacco control capacity: a case study of KOMPLY from the World Heart Federation Emerging Leaders program
    (Tobacco Induced Diseases, 2018) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    Article 22 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control calls for collaboration among the Parties and international organizations to facilitate the development, transfer and acquisition of knowledge, skills, capacity and expertise related to tobacco control. International collaborations are especially important to help counter the tobacco epidemic in low and middle-income countries and will also contribute to UN Sustainable Development Goals. We will summarise the World Heart Federation (WHF) Emerging Leaders program, using the case study of the KOMPLY collaboration which focused on evaluating and supporting compliance with Uganda's newly implemented smoke-free legislation
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    Knowledge, opinions and compliance related to the 100% smoke-free law in hospitality venues in Kampala, Uganda: cross-sectional results from the KOMPLY Project
    (BMJ Open, 2018) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    Objective This study evaluated knowledge, opinions and compliance related to Uganda’s comprehensive smoke-free law among hospitality venues in Kampala Uganda. Design This multi-method study presents cross-sectional findings of the extent of compliance in the early phase of Uganda’s comprehensive smoke-free law (2months postimplementation; pre-enforcement). Setting Bars, pubs and restaurants in Kampala Uganda. Procedure and participants A two-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure was used to select hospitality sites stratified by all five divisions in Kampala. A total of 222 establishments were selected for the study. One hospitality representative from each of the visited sites agreed to take part in a face-to-face administered questionnaire. A subsample of hospitality venues were randomly selected for tobacco air quality testing (n=108). Data were collected between June and August 2016. Outcome measures Knowledge and opinions of the smoke-free law among hospitality venue staff and owners. The level of compliance with the smoke-free law in hospitality venues through: (1) systematic objective observations (eg, active smoking, the presence of designated smoking areas, ‘no smoking’ signage) and (2) air quality by measuring the levels of tobacco particulate matter (PM2.5) in both indoor and outdoor venues. Results Active smoking was observed in 18% of venues, 31% had visible ‘no smoking’ signage and 47% had visible cigarette remains. Among interviewed respondents, 57% agreed that they had not been adequately informed about the smoke-free law; however, 90% were supportive of the ban. Nearly all respondents (97%) agreed that the law will protect workers’ health, but 32% believed that the law would cause financial losses at their establishment. Indoor PM2.5 levels were hazardous (267.6 µg/m3 ) in venues that allowed smoking and moderate (29.6 µg/m3 ) in smoke-free establishments. Conclusions In the early phase of Uganda’s smoke-free law, the level of compliance in hospitality venues settings in Kampala was suboptimal. Civil society and the media have strong potential to inform and educate the hospitality industry and smokers of the benefits and requirements of the smoke-free law.
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    Knowledge, opinions and compliance related to the 100% smoke-free law in hospitality venues in Kampala, Uganda: cross-sectional results from the KOMPLY Project
    (BMJ Open, 2018) Adeniyi Samuel Oginni
    Objective This study evaluated knowledge, opinions and compliance related to Uganda’s comprehensive smoke-free law among hospitality venues in Kampala Uganda. Design This multi-method study presents cross-sectional findings of the extent of compliance in the early phase of Uganda’s comprehensive smoke-free law (2 months postimplementation; pre-enforcement). setting Bars, pubs and restaurants in Kampala Uganda. Procedure and participants A two-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure was used to select hospitality sites stratified by all five divisions in Kampala. A total of 222 establishments were selected for the study. One hospitality representative from each of the visited sites agreed to take part in a face-to-face administered questionnaire. A subsample of hospitality venues were randomly selected for tobacco air quality testing (n=108). Data were collected between June and August 2016. Outcome measures Knowledge and opinions of the smoke-free law among hospitality venue staff and owners. The level of compliance with the smoke-free law in hospitality venues through: (1) systematic objective observations (eg, active smoking, the presence of designated smoking areas, ‘no smoking’ signage) and (2) air quality by measuring the levels of tobacco particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) in both indoor and outdoor venues. results Active smoking was observed in 18% of venues, 31% had visible ‘no smoking’ signage and 47% had visible cigarette remains. Among interviewed respondents, 57% agreed that they had not been adequately informed about the smoke-free law; however, 90% were supportive of the ban. Nearly all respondents (97%) agreed that the law will protect workers’ health, but 32% believed that the law would cause financial losses at their establishment. Indoor PM 2.5 levels were hazardous (267.6 μg/m 3 ) in venues that allowed smoking and moderate (29.6 μg/m 3 ) in smoke-free establishments. conclusions In the early phase of Uganda’s smoke-free law, the level of compliance in hospitality venues settings in Kampala was suboptimal. Civil society and the media have strong potential to inform and educate the hospitality industry and smokers of the benefits and requirements of the smoke-free law.

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