Department of History and International Studies

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A Critique of the Supply of Foodstuffs to His Majesty’s Forces in World War II, 1939-1945.
(Ajayi Crowther University Journal of History and International Studies, 2023) Adesina, Oluwakemi
World War II which lasted from 1939 to 1945 is a significant part of colonial Nigeria. It marked a turning point in the relationship between African countries and their colonizers. Nigeria was a major ally to Britain and the imperial government during the war as is seen through Nigeria's contribution to the war effort and her staunch involvement which included funds, raw materials, manpower, and support. The contributions of Nigeria and her people were made possible through the actions and activities of notable figures including traditional rulers, the educated elite, and various groups of British loyalists. Nigerians lent a helping hand to fight the war which included services such as toiling in mines, construction work, joining the army, and serving as ad hoc staff. Nigerians remained resilient in their pledge of allegiance. Christian Church leaders admonished their followers to remain British loyalists as did the traditional religious worshippers who continually showed their loyalty and support for colonial government. Nigeria's major contribution to the war effort was through the surplus production and export of foodstuff aimed at feeding the imperial armed forces alongside the general populace which resulted in food shortage. The production of food met a decline due to the lack of improvement in farm technology and insufficient manpower caused by the mass deployment of young men to the war front. As a result of this, there was an escalation in the prices of foodstuff as well as a decrease in food production, thereby giving room for black markets, thus preventing farmers and traders from making a profit.
Challenges affecting the World Health Organisation’s Contributions to Sustainable Development in Nigeria
(International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 2023) Adesina, Oluwakemi
This article examines the relationship between health and sustainable development through the lens of cooperation between Nigeria and the World Health Organisation (WHO). While the relationship has yielded some benefits, Nigeria has not fully realized the potential of this cooperation due to various challenges. Drawing on the collective and public good theory, this article investigates the gaps in the WHO's efforts to address policy issues, facilitate collaboration, and manage public health goods. It identifies challenges stemming from three thematic areas: the global health environment, internal issues within the WHO, and the Nigerian context. To fully benefit from the relationship, Nigeria needs to improve coordination within the health sector and ensure the sustainability of WHO programmes. The credibility and technical expertise of the WHO remain valuable for Nigeria’s development.
Children of war in Yoruba and Aja culture and society in precolonial West Africa
(Lapai Journal of Nigerian History, 2022) Adesina, Oluwakemi
In the twentieth and early twenty-first century, the world became particularly strident in commending the use of “child soldiers or the exposure of the underaged boys to war conditions. However, to historians of West Africa, the use of war-boys was the bitter sweet legacy of the pre-colonial West African society that recruited these boys as military cadets to enhance the strength of their respective states. With a focus of the military conditions of Ibadan and Dahomey, this paper examines the West African tradition of promoting the use of boy soldiers since pre-colonial times. It also deals with the implication of the practice of the state concerned and the remarkable effect on the societal values and ethos. Aja and Yoruba traditions are rich in the colourful portrayal of these boys and their pivotal roles in significant historical events.
Democratization and post election conflicts in Nigeria since independence: a historical reconsideration
(Lexington books, 2012) Adesina, Oluwakemi
The subject of elections and electoral practices is important in understanding the history of Nigeria and the democratization process. Election seasons in Nigeria come with both optimism and worries—optimism that a new and dependable government may emerge, and worries about the truculent and aggressive reactions to the electoral process and election results. The democratization processes and elections in post-independence Nigeria have been marred by a recurrence Of electoral violence and fraud. Post-election violence has resulted from the politics Of exclusion, power sharing arrangements, fraud, corruption, and ethno-sectarian conflicts. These processes have been characterized by ballot box snatching and stuffing, rioting, antagonisms, arson, assassination, intimidation, and communal unrest. This unyielding cycle of electoral violence has unceasingly amazed scholars and practitioners. Analysts of the Nigerian political situation have been amazed at the unending cycle Of violence that has characterized elections in the country since the first decade of independence. This chapter attempts a reconstruction of the factors and forces that have contributed to the enduring cycles of political hostilities in a country that was once regarded as the hope of the black race. The natures of such conflicts are also highlighted.
Does the world have a gender?
(Monde(s) Histoire, Espaces, Relations, 2022) Adesina, Oluwakemi
Domestic upheaval in colonial Ikaleland of Southwestern Nigeria
(Kaduna Journal of Humanities, 2022) Adesina, Oluwakemi
This historical research explores the transformative journey of the Ikale people in Southwestern Nigeria, with a focus of the Ikale people in Southwestern Nigeria, with a focus on the impact of colonialism and Western education. The study examines changes in Ikale administration and societal norms, including adaptations in traditional gender roles. Ikale women's involvement in politics during the first and second republics is also examined, revealing their marginalization. The study argues that the Ikale experience reflects the broader narrative of change and adaptation within Nigerian society during this period.
European Penetration and its influence on African Culture and Civilization
(African Culture and Civilization, 2005) Adesina, Oluwakemi
Exploring “CHECKING OUT” Legacy: Migration, Popular Culture, and the Formation of Class Identity up to 2007
(HUMANUS DISCOURSE, 2023) Adesina, Oluwakemi
It is crucial to avoid making assumptions about the reasons behind migration out of Nigeria. Not all migrants are leaving due to poverty, squalor, deprivation, and need. It is also incorrect to assume that migration is only focused on advanced countries like Europe and North America. These assumptions overlook a critical aspect of migration from Nigeria - the social factors that influence emigration. This study sheds light on an often-overlooked aspect of the reasons for migration out of Nigeria, namely the gap between social needs and social reality. This gap creates tension between the middle-class ideology of consumption and the reality of upward social mobility. Consequently, a counterculture of "Checking out" emerged, which signifies leaving the country not out of poverty but for prestige and comfort. Starting from around 1989, a new generation of young people became "embassy crawlers" and "visa hunters," which became a form of social status. Shockingly, around two out of every five university undergraduates and college students were more interested in leaving Nigeria than seeking employment after graduation. Similarly, employed young people preferred to leave their jobs for glamour and excitement overseas. Consequently, money that could have been used for material comfort was spent on visa application fees
Faith and politics in Nigeria: Nigeria as a pivotal state in the muslim world (review)
(Journal of global initatives, 2009) Adesina, Oluwakemi
History and Methodology in a Nigerian University
(International Journal of Arts and Humanities (IJAH), 2017-09) Adesina, Oluwakemi
This work highlighted the challenges faced by graduate students of History in Nigeria. A major snag confronted by these students in writing M.A. dissertations and doctoral thesis at the Department of History, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (Ibadan School of History), is the issue of methodology and in particular, the use of theories. The Department decries the use of theories as anathemic to historical writing. This article seeks to interrogate the universal nature of history vis-a-vis the nature of history from the perspective of the Department. The questions raised by this research work include the what, when and why of the nature of historical scholarship at the University of Ibadan? How relevant is the position of the Department in the twenty-first century? What are the arguments for and against theory in historical scholarship at Ibadan? A school of thought argues that rational analysis and empiricism are central to the historian’s craft. Based on this premise, can the historian write about the past without theories? History and the challenges of Methodology in Nigerian universities is analyzed based on the author’s experience as a doctoral student at the Department of History. This research work concludes that the study of the past is not static, thus, the Ibadan School of History cannot afford to be static.
How African Churches Africanise Modernity and Modernise Africanity on their Websites
(HUMANUS DISCOURSE, 2023) Adesina, Oluwakemi
Christian churches in Africa are increasingly launching websites to take advantage of the ubiquity associated with the Internet. Striving to reach a global audience, they modernise African practices and Africanise modernity for African participants. However, the extent to which this practice constructs Africanity or Africanises modernity is yet to be understood. This study, therefore, examines African church websites with a view to explaining how they walk the tight rope of modernising Africanity and Africanising modernity. An available sample of websites belonging to churches based in Africa was taken. Using content analysis method, 271 church websites were observed and analysed. Findings indicate that271 churches have website presence portraying African models, motifs, flags and sundry images. On the one hand, with African worship styles and cultural adornments, they Africanise modernity; on the other hand, they modernise Africanity with massive use of foreign languages, musical instruments and orchestra.
Influence of Covid–19 Protocol Messages on Patronage of Hand Sanitisers among Undergraduate Students
(Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 2024) Adesina, Oluwakemi
The study examined the in􀅫luence of COVID-19 protocol messages on the patronage of hand sanitiser among undergraduate students to assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 messages on brands. Undergraduates in Nigerian universities are the target of advertisers for new products such as consumables, creams, and cosmetics due to their active presence on social media. The work is anchored on social marketing theory, while the study adopted a survey research method. The researchers used the Taro Yamane form to sample 386 students. The Kruskal-Wallis Rank Test and regression analysis were employed in the inferential analysis to determine the in􀅫luence of the COVID-19 protocol message on the patronage of hand sanitiser. The results showed that COVID-19 protocol messages were in􀅫luential in patronising hand sanitiser during the pandemic. From the 􀅫indings, the mean response value "1" shows a high level of awareness of COVID-19 protocol messages on the patronage of hand sanitiser, which aided in the patronage of hand sanitiser. The standard deviation shows "25.5%," which explains that opinion on COVID-19 message protocols on hand sanitiser slightly varies among respondents. Based on the study's 􀅫indings, the researchers recommended that policymakers, government agencies, and other stakeholders responsible for disseminating COVID-19 messages develop a robust framework to capture the masses and curtail COVID-19 incidence while increasing the distribution of hand sanitisers. The research outcomes suggest that using social media to reach the younger generation is highly effective in Nigeria.
Influence of Media Literacy on the Dissemination of Fake News among Instagram and Twitter Users
(International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope, 2024) Adesina, Oluwakemi
This study aimed to determine how media literacy affects the dissemination of misleading information on Instagram and Twitter. Users create a more informed and dependable social media ecosystem by fostering responsible sharing habits and improving media literacy abilities when a piece of proper information is disseminated. To accomplish the goals of the study, a survey method was utilised to gather data with a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. Undergraduate students at Redeemer's University made up the participants in the study. Using the Taro Yamane formula for sample size, a sample of 373 was selected from the population. Findings point to a mixed state of media literacy, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and educational initiatives to improve users' capacity to distinguish between reliable and misleading news. The study suggests specific programmes to improve users' capacity to assess material, confirm assertions, and recognise promotional content in the light of the findings. The study concluded that social media platforms should incorporate fact-checking tools, source verification capabilities, and plain labelling of promotional content, education initiatives on media literacy and critical thinking into the web page of Instagram and Twitter users. To achieve all the suggested recommendations, media literacy training must be continuous so that social media users can make educated and informed decisions.
Interogating the Intersections of Colonial and Postcolonial Internationnal Sex Trade in Nigeria
(African Notes, 2019) Adesina, Oluwakemi
The social production processes of the sex industry in Nigeria involved changes in the patterns of existence consumption, and migration. Produced and encouraged by structures that began to define society in the twentieth century, the sex trade depended significantly on negotiations and conflicts induced by modernity. The industry dates from the colonial period. Hitherto, sex was not an article of trade in any of the pre-colonial component cultures of Nigeria; it was alien to the Nigerian society. This historical article aims to critically analyse the factors responsible for the ever- increasing boom in the Nigerian sex industry in two eras of colonial and post colonial Nigeria. This article argues that the young women involved in the sex trade in Nigeria were at most times engaged in the deal with encouragement from family members. The continuous subscription to the trade encouraged the expansion of business. This article, which relies heavily on archival materials and newspapers, examines the historical trajectories of the sex industry in these two epochs in Nigeria history, particularly as it relates to its ‘modus operandi’ across borders. This article concludes that colonial and postcolonial sex trade in these two periods is predicated on the economic marginalization of woman and facilitated by the same networks, success stories of sex workers, and support from a family member.
Making Sense of Youth Subculture and Counterculture in Twenty-First Century Nigeria
(Kaduna Journal of Humanities, 2019) Adesina, Oluwakemi
This study interrogates Youth subculture and counterculture in Nigeria particularly in cities of southwestern Nigeria in the age of globalization. This research aims to critically analyse the factors responsible for the development of Youth subcultures and countercultures and the effects of these on them. The paper argues that Nigerian youths have increasingly developed and exhibited peculiar reactions to their perceived socio-economic and political exclusion. The subcultures generated from these in the global age have surprisingly become widespread and widely adopted by all strata of society. It has thus moved from being a culture of protest to that of popular culture. These subcultures are no longer gendered, classed, and location bound. Youth subcultures in Nigeria, characteristically exhibit the four criteria of subcultures as indicated by Thornton, namely; identity, commitment, consistent distinctiveness, and autonomy. This research concludes that youth subcultures and countercultures in the twenty-first century are highly influenced by the media of globalization and these have in turn influenced globalization itself. There is an urgent need to engage these cultures in the engagement of the youths as progressive agents of development. This will no doubt reverse the negative tendencies in youth subcultures in Nigeria as they portend great dangers to the future of the globe.
Modernity, Women Empowerment and Social change in Ikale land
(Journal of the Institute of African Studies, 2011) Adesina, Oluwakemi
The transition from the traditional to the modern has entailed conflict between the hitherto existing ideas, beliefs and modern ones. Available evidence tends to confirm the tremendous power of transition and its resistance to later alterations and extinction. In fact almost all of experimental psychology argued that there almost no circumstances under which really basic traits can be substantially altered.
Newspapers’ Coverage of the African Union Activities Among West African English-Speaking States
(Journal of African Union Studies (JoAUS), 2024) Adesina, Oluwakemi
The study looked at how newspapers report stories on African Union (AU) activities among the West African English-speaking nations. Power struggles and dominance are among the prevalent issues that nations contend with as members of the African Union. Therefore, there is a need to look at the prominence given to the AU by newspapers in different countries among the member states. The study used content analysis to investigate newspaper coverage of AU activities in five countries, examining one newspaper from each of the five chosen countries. Findings revealed that a newspaper from the Gambia devoted the highest coverage to AU activities among the five countries examined. The study concludes that more newspapers in diverse countries among AU members should equally be included in a study that involves AU activities to gauge power struggles and dominance among the member nations
Nigerian female migrant nurses and the dynamics of socio-economic change
(HUMANUS DISCOURSE, 2022) Adesina, Oluwakemi
Nigerian nurses began migrating from the country in the early 1980s when Nigeria's economy was in crisis. The nursing profession, a predominantly female profession, witnessed a departure of its members searching for greener pastures. This study looks at migration by Nigerian female nurses from the prism of the lucrativeness of nursing jobs in the Global North and Remittances. This study seeks to understand the intricate interplay of gender as these female nurses assumed the roles of breadwinners in a patriarchal society. It examines the Push/Pull factors on the one hand and the Stick/Stay factors on the other. This historical study relies on qualitative and quantitative methods through reliance on oral interviews (structured/unstructured), newspaper articles, google forms, other primary and secondary sources. It concludes that economic considerations prompted the movement of Nigerian female nurses, majorly, the worth of the remittances, in the face of a monetary crisis.
Nigerian Women Mobilized and Gender History: a Historiographical Analysis
(Journal of Behavioural Studies, 2023) Adesina, Oluwakemi
The theme, structure, ramifications and narratives of women and gender history in Nigeria are indicators of progress in the historical field concerning women and gender since the 1980s. The central task in this discourse is to understand the intellectual process that has determined the trajectory of Gender history since the pioneering publication of Nina Mba's Nigerian Women Mobilised in 1982. The sheer mass of material now available has been very impressive and must be identified by their themes, focus and concerns. It is with this process that our concerns lay. Over the last forty years, Nina Emma Mba's contributions to the History of women and gender have enhanced our understanding of women's agency, activism, and participation in Nigeria's political and social activities. Writing women into History had been made popular from the 1980s to recover a neglected group – women – in historical works. Following Mba's heels, Bolanle Awe's edited volume, Nigerian Women in Historical Perspective, catalogued great women in Nigeria's History. While scholars of Women's History in Nigeria have published great works on women agency, Feminists who established themselves in the intellectual firmament have over time shifted the emphasis from Women's History to gender history. This shift emphasised the theme of the oppression of women and how they responded to discrimination and subordination. This chapter provides a critical assessment of historical writings of and on women and gender in Nigeria since Nina Mba's seminal publication. It looks specifically at how Women's History has metamorphosed over the years and the implications for historical scholarship.
“RUN-AWAY” Wives of Chiefs: Women in Search of Liberty and Freedom in Colonial Oyo Town
(Journal of Behavioural Studies, 2023) Adesina, Oluwakemi
The Marriage Ordinance of 1884 made a significant impact on marriage in traditional Yoruba societies. Women utilized Native Courts to dissolve their marriages and often remarried. This trend particularly affected traditional chiefs in the Oyo Division of Southwestern Nigeria, as their wives left their homes to protest and reject forced marriages. These women were of a higher social class and threatened the chiefs' authority and spirituality, which were highly regarded in precolonial Yorubaland. They used various methods to leave the palaces, seeking freedom and independence. This gender history study explores the stories of "runaway" wives of Yoruba chiefs in colonial southwestern Nigeria who rebelled against traditional ruling structures and processes through modern means. The study concludes that, with the help of colonial officials and English laws, these royal wives began permanently deconstructing the norms of the Yoruba traditional institution.

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