Department of Economics

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    Abnormal Body Weight and its Socioeconomic Determinants: Evidence from Nigeria
    (Journal of Economic & Management Perspectives,, 2018) Adewara, Sunday Olabisi
    Obesity and overweight are among the major contributors to the global burden of diseases as measured by Disability-Adjusted Life Years due to its capability of increasing the risks of health related diseases. Strand of literature has focused on the biological factor with less emphasis on socioeconomic factors. Using dataset from the 2013 National Population for Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), this study applies binary probit regression model to examine the socioeconomic determinants of overweight and obesity in Nigeria. The study came up with the following broad stylized facts for overweight and obesity. The socioeconomic determinants of probability of overweight were age, gender, marital status, household size, education years, rural locality, wealth index (if poor), ethnicities and educated female. More so, age, female gender, marital status, household size, education years and educated female influence the probability of overweight among households positively; while age, rural locality, poverty and ethnicities influence the probability of overweight among households negatively. Also, the socioeconomic determinants of probability of obesity are age, female gender, marital status, household size, education years, rural locality, wealth index (if poor), ethnicities, poor female, educated female and educated poor. Finally, the study recommends public health education, cultural and value re-orientation among others as solution to the problem of overweight and obesity in Nigeria
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    Aids-Orphanhood and Human Capital Development in Nigeria
    (Department of Sociology and Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oradea., 2013-07) Dauda, Rasaki
    This study employs the descriptive method of analysis and growth rate to determine the effect of high number of AIDS Orphans on human capital development in Nigeria. The available facts reviewed and the result of the analysis revealed that the growth rate of the number of orphans, occasioned by the pandemic, has continued to be positive since 1990 till date. AIDS Orphans as a percentage of children within the 0 and 14 has been on the increase, from 0.03%, in 1990, to 2.1%, in 2000, and has extended further to 3.78%, in 2009. Enrolment figures, as well as the rates of school dropouts among the orphans and vulnerable children, clearly indicate that the negative impact of increase in AIDS Orphans on human capital would be substantial if this trend remains unchecked. Therefore, it is imperative for governments at all levels to set better policy measures to support these orphans. Such measures could focus on free and compulsory education, shelter, clothing, medical services and food. Communities, which provide safety nets for the children should be empowered and encouraged with proper financial assistance. In addition, there’s a clear need for specific legislation against the growing trend of all forms of exploitations and child-abuse, particularly on girls
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    Analysis of the Effects of Climate Change on Crop Output in Nigeria
    (American Journal of Climate Change, 2017) Adewara, Sunday Olabisi
    This study investigates the effects of climate change factors and non-climate change factors on crop output in Nigeria. Empirical research approach was adopted with the use of secondary sources of time series annual data obtained from reputable sources for the period 1980-2013. Error Correction Mechanism was used for the analysis. It was found that in the short run, only rainfall tested significantly positive to crop output among the climate change factors but there is evidence of significant effects of all climate change factors on crop output in the long-run. For example, temperature, carbon dioxide emission, carbon emission and rainfall were tested significantly to crop output. Furthermore, non-climate change factors like economically active population, gross capital formation, and land area equipped for irrigation were significantly positive to crop output. To forestall the effects of climate change on crop output, the study recommends that policy makers should formulate policies that will aid farmers towards adaptation practices in farming that can mitigate the effects of climate change. Furthermore, governments and other relevant agencies should also design programmes that can motivate the masses to increase their involvement in crop production.
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    Asymmetric Effect of Fiscal and Monetary Policies on the Stock Market Performance in Nigeria
    (2021-02-25) Adeleke, Oluwayemisi Kadijat
    This study investigated the asymmetric effect of fiscal and monetary policies on stock market performance from 2000:q1-2018q3 in Nigeria. The study used Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Test technique of cointegration to determine the equilibrium relationship among the series. After the long run relationship has been established, Vector Error Correction Model was used to analyse the data. The results showed that only anticipated fiscal policy had a negative and significant effect on the stock market performance in the third and fourth quarters of the year. In contrast, anticipated and unanticipated monetary policy as well as unanticipated fiscal policy did not exert effect on stock market performance in Nigeria. Government in Nigeria should reduce its expenditure which has the capacity to negatively influence the performance of stock market in Nigeria.
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    Billing Methods and Electricity Consumption: Tale of Two Nigerian Cities
    (Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies, 2013) Olatokunbo, Oluwayemisi
    Prepaid meters are a relatively new innovation adopted by the Power Holding Company of Nigeria as part of its power supply programme for energy saving. It is a mechanism that changes the attitudes of users towards electricity usage. Studies have shown that a prepaid meter reduces electricity consumption. This study investigates the comparative advantage of the prepaid system over the conventional billing method using a survey technique to find out the preference of the households in Nigeria as a whole. Empirical evidence from the study shows that the adoption of the prepaid meter mechanism will reduce the electricity consumption of users. The study suggests the introduction and acceptance of the prepaid meter as a measure for the conservation of energy.
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    Brain Drain: The Bane of Human Capital Development and Utilization in West Africa
    (2017-01) Dauda, Rasaki
    West Africa, which comprises sixteen countries, appears to be the least developed in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Facts on indicators of development and human capital place the sub region among the lowest, even globally. For instance, fourteen of its countries are currently ranked among the low human development category while human capital development activities in the areas of education and health are at their lowest ebb. Literacy rate in the sub-region remains low while health outcomes such as infant mortality, maternal mortality, and under-five mortality are still high amidst low average life expectancy. The Unemployment rate has been high, an indication of low utilization of human capital. Besides, greater percentage of the few human capital developed in the sub-region have migrated to advanced countries in search of greener pastures. This however, is not unconnected with several factors, such as poor infrastructure, high rate of insecurity, which is further aggravated by terrorism, high rate of poverty, inadequate industries, hunger, high unemployment rate, bad governance, low pay to workers in the home countries, low living standard, uncertainty about the future, economic instability, in addition to economic and political environments that are not conducive among other pull factors in the destination countries, which encourage highly developed skill manpower and professionals to migrate to such economies. It is on this note that this chapter attempts to examine how brain drain affects human capital development and utilization with its consequences on the development of West Africa, using descriptive information together with the review of relevant literatures. The findings suggest that brain drain, although beneficial in some instances, has had a negative influence on human capital and level of development in West Africa. It is therefore necessary to address the factors pushing these skilled professionals and personnel out of the sub-region and provide those that encourage them to seek better anchorage in countries of destination
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    Can Non-Oil Exports boost Agriculture Sector Performance in Nigeria? A Tale for Oil Independency
    (2013) Adeleke, Oluwayemisi Kadijat
    The study examines the effect of non-oil export on the agricultural sector performance in Nigerian economy using empirical evidence and modern research analysis. The bulk of non- oil export of Nigeria comes from agriculture and pre-processed products. Hence, non-oil export from perspective of efficiency-seeking indicates that non-oil export always aim at taking advantage of poor-efficient production condition and boost the productive edge of resources. There is a general believe that non-oil exports commodities has nothing to do with sectoral growth in Nigeria, this role is therefore the major focus of this study. Modern econometric analysis is used to validate if there is any relationship between non-oil export and sectoral performance, we also conducted unit root test to detect the risk of non stationarity of any of the variables involve in the model specified. Having tested for unit root, the paper also considers cointegration test and a parsimonious result of the least square estimate is presented. Lastly, a causality analysis of the relevant variables was undertaken in order to verify the relevance of non-oil export on growth in Nigeria. Interestingly, non-oil export commodities fail to enhance growth of the economy in recent findings, while agriculture, openness and exports promote growth in both the short and long run in our dear country
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    Children Affected by HIV/AIDS and Human Capital Development in West Africa: A Panel Data Analysis
    (Advance in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2017) Dauda, Rasaki
    This study investigates how the number of children infected with HIV/AIDS and AIDS induced orphans affect human capital development in West Africa. Two panel data models were estimated, using the Fixed Effects estimation technique supported by the Hausman specification test result. The findings overwhelmingly suggest that number of children living with HIV/AIDS and AIDS-induced orphans have negative and significant effects on human capital development in West Africa. Therefore, efforts should be geared towards hurting and reversing the spread of the disease as well as eradicating it in West Africa. Care should also be provided for the education, health, nutrition, shelter and psychological needs of the affected children.
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    A Comparative Study of Consumers' Billing Methods and Electricity Consumption in Ogun and Osun State, Nigeria
    (Redeemer's University Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 2013) Olatokunbo, Oluwayemisi
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    Composition of Public Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria
    (Scholarlink Research Institute Journals, 2012) Adewara, Sunday Olabisi
    We explore the relationship between the composition of public expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria. Government expenditure is expected to be means of reducing the negative impacts of market failure on the economy. However, allocations of public expenditure with lack of consideration for the urgent needs of the country may engender greater distortion in the economy which may be detrimental to growth. To this end, we have analyzed the relationship between public expenditure compositions from 1960 to 2008 on economic growth using the vector Autoregressive models (VAR). The finding shows that expenditure on education has failed to enhance economic growth due to the high rate of rent seeking in the country as well as the growing rate of unemployment. We also noted that expenditure on health and agriculture should be encourage due to their positive contributions to growth while further studies is necessary to identify empirically why public expenditure on water and education are negatively related with growth
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    Covid 19, Poverty and Inequality: Implication on the Egyptian Economy
    (Perspective in Governance: Challenge in COVID-19 Era in Africa, Department of Public Administration and Economics Durban University of Technology, South Africa, 2022) Ajeigbe, Omowumi Monisola
    The adverse impact of COVID 19 pandemic in the year 2020 can be felt globally as it has affected almost all the continent with the impact being felt the most in many first World nations. The impact on Africa is still mild when compared, but despite the slight impact, the effect of the pandemic has plunge so many countries backward with the poor and the vulnerable at the receiving end. It is in the light of the occurrence of the pandemic that this study examined the dynamic interaction among COVID 19, poverty and inequality in Egypt taking into account the effect of the pandemic on some selected structural issues such as number of employed persons, price of gasoline and tourism. A vector error correction mechanism and other diagnostic test was employed to determine both the short run and long run effect of the pandemic on the number of poor people in Egypt and on the income inequality among the Egyptians. Findings revealed that on the short run, a 1% increase in the number of COVID 19 cases give rise to 28% increase in the number of poor people living in Egypt while on the other hand it gives rise to 90% increase in income inequality thereby widening the gap between the rich and the poor. In the long run, findings revealed that a 1% increase in the number of COVID 19 cases give rise to 2% increase in the number of poor people living in Egypt with inequality giving rise to 3% increase in income inequality. This has policy implication as the findings from the impulse response function and variance decomposition revealed a large impact on the short run to shocks from COVID 19 and a mild impact on the long run. The study therefore recommends that efforts should be made by the government and private individuals to curb and eradicate the virus in order to reduce and stop the number of daily cases of the virus in the bid towards the achievement of sustainable development goals of zero poverty and leaving no one behind.
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    COVID-19: Dynamics of Socio-Economic Shocks on Energy Sector Performance in Africa
    (Emerald Publishing Limited, Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK, 2022) Ajeigbe, Omowumi Monisola
    The resistance of the energy sector in recent time has been tried by COVID-19 as the occurrence has added to the dampening down demand for crude oil which has resulted in volatility in prices and dwindling production of crude oil at the global crude oil market. Dwindling demand and price decline can also be perceived as a trend in the electricity sector, the electricity price and consumption. The consequences of individual policy response by countries in relation to the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 is yet to be known and recent studies conducted in the continent are yet to document the impact of the pandemic on the oil-producing African countries. It is in the light of this that this study determined the effect of socio-economic shocks activated through the COVID-19 pandemic on the energy sector performance and economic development of Africa. Monthly data were sourced from the United States Energy Information Administration, COVID-19 geographic distribution worldwide, World Development Indicator and Trading Economics from 2019 (m12) to 2020 (m10). Seventeen oil-producing African countries were selected across the region based on data availability. The structural panel vector auto regression (SPVAR) analytical technique was used in estimating COVID-19 pandemic and socioeconomic shocks on the energy sector performance proxied by oil production (OILP), Electricity price (ELECTP) and Economic Development proxied by Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPPC) of the countries. Findings revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic transmits a negative shock to oil production and GDP per capita while a positive shock is transmitted to electricity price. The socioeconomic variables also transmitted both the positive and negative shocks to OILP, ELECTP and GDPPC. Therefore, the study recommended that policies should be directed towards putting in place a shock-absorbing mechanism so as to cushion the effect of the identified shocks on the performance of the energy sector and the economic development of the countries.
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    Decomposing Inequality in the Incidence of Obesity in Nigeria
    (ISDS LLC, Japan, 2018) Adewara, Sunday Olabisi
    This study examines the socioeconomic factors responsible for income and gender related inequalities in the prevalence of obesity in Nigeria. It uses the 2013 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) on Nigeria for all the analyses. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition was used to identified and explained socioeconomics factors responsible for disparities in the incidence of obesity in the country. The decomposition results show that females are more likely to be obese than males while the rich are more likely to be obese than the poor. Endowment and coefficient effects contributed to the gender obesity while the coefficient and interaction effects contribute significantly to the gap due to differences in income levels. Finally, the study recommends awareness creation, indoor physical exercises, balance diet, public health education, cultural and value re-orientation and establishing gymnasium, especially for rich and female households, as solution to the problem of overweight and obesity in Nigeria.
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    Diseases and Inclusive Growth in West Africa: The Case of HIV/AIDS
    (Rhema University Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 2017) Dauda, Rasaki
    Inclusive growth is a concept which advocates all-encompassing growth covering all sectors and benefiting every segment and individual in society. However, diseases are capable of undermining growth and development activities due to their negative influence on macroeconomic fundamentals. This study examined HIV/AIDS vis-à-vis its effects on the key elements required for the attainment of inclusive growth in West Africa. It argued that HIV/AIDS possesses the capability of depressing the key elements of inclusive growth (such as adequate employment opportunities, high productivity, human capability development, and provision of social safety nets) in West Africa. It is therefore essential to effectively curtail the spread of the disease in the sub-region while efforts should be geared towards the provision of adequate employment opportunities and social safety nets to assist the vulnerable and those suffering from deprivation as a result of the menace of HIV/AIDS. Moreover, there should be promotion of higher productivity and development of human capabilities in the sub-region through adequate investment in basic social services of education and health.
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    Diseases and Sustainable Development: The Cases of HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis in Nigeria
    (2017) Dauda, Rasaki
    The third goal of sustainable development is “good health and well-being.” Health and wellbeing are very critical for economic performance and attainment of sustainable development. A healthy population can enhance national productivity, savings, human and physical capital formation, per capita income growth, and contribute to poverty alleviation. The presence of diseases in any society however, could undermine sustainable development activities. This is because diseases possess the inclination to cut short life expectancy, reduce quantity and quality of the labour force, and lead to decline in the level of productivity. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), malaria and tuberculosis (TB) are major endemic diseases in Nigeria. Available facts have shown that the three diseases are responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality among the nation’s population than any other group of diseases in the country. This study examines the effects of HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB on sustainable development activities in Nigeria. It discovered that the menaces of the three diseases have aggravated morbidity and mortality rates, depressed investment in human and physical capital, lowered labour supply and productivity, changed demographic structure, reduced output growth, raised poverty level and increased number of vulnerable groups in the country, all of which could prevent sustainable development in the country. It is therefore recommended that efforts should be geared not only towards treating persons infected with the three diseases but their spread should be largely controlled to enable a healthy population capable of contributing to sustainability of development in the country.
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    Do Real Exchange Rate Changes have Symmetric or Asymmetric Effects on Trade Balance in Nigeria? Evidence from Non-Linear ARDL Model
    (2019) Onatunji, Olufemi
    This paper investigates the asymmetric impact of real exchange changes on trade balance in Nigeria using quarterly data over the period 1999Q1-2017Q4. A non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) proposed by Shin et al (2014) is employed for this study. The findings shows that real exchange change have asymmetric impact on Nigeria’s trade balance in both time horizons. Specifically, the positive real exchange rate is highly sensitive to trade balance than the negative real exchange rate. These findings therefore suggest that using discretionary monetary policy to offset Nigeria’s trade deficit due to large differential between import and export is not sufficient enough. Thus, policy makers should adopt policy-mix to manage the current economic climate of the country such as imposition of quotas on certain imported goods, high tariff rate on imported goods, provision of credit facilities and higher tax rate that reduce disposable income of consumer.
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    Does Misery affect Economic Growth in Nigeria?
    (Journal of Finance, Governance and Strategic Studies, 2024-04) Dauda, Rasaki
    Nigeria’s economy continues to struggle with elevated misery index (MSI), occasioned by high rates of inflation and unemployment. This situation is capable of dragging both micro and macroeconomic outcomes in the country. This paper assessed the impact of economic misery on the growth of Nigeria’s economy within the period 1990-2022. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag modeling approach, anchored on the neoclassical growth theory was employed after the unit root test results confirmed integration of order zero and one. The Bounds cointegration test was conducted and the results established the existence of long run relationship among the variables. Findings of the study indicated that economic misery is a threat to the growth of the nation’s economy. This was evident in the negative and statistically significant coefficient of MSI. Other variables such as labour force and foreign direct investment raised economic growth significantly. The policy direction therefore, is that government’s efforts should be geared towards reduction in economic misery in Nigeria. For this to be possible, monetary and fiscal policies should be employed to address high rate of inflation while employment should be generated through provision of enabling environment. The motivation for the policy suggestion is the statistical significance of coefficients of the variables. In addition, inflation and unemployment are components of MSI equation, which Hanke referred to as the ‘bads’. Therefore, addressing these issues will help to reduce the index and control its negative influence on economic growth in the country.