Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences

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Browsing Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences by Author "Olukanni, Adedayo"

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    Antioxidant and in Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activities of Albizia zygia (DC) JF Mebr and the Evaluation of its Phytochemical Constituents
    (Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2020) Olukanni, Adedayo
    Medicinal plants are promising sources of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents and are readily available for ameliorating the increasing burden of diseases related to oxidative damage and inflammation. In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of methanol extract of Albizia zygia, which is used traditionally as a therapeutic agent, was investigated. The antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied in vitro as the inhibition of proteinase and protein denaturation. The functional groups in the plant extract were identified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the bioactive compounds were determined using Gas Chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GCMS). The plant extracts demonstrated a positive concentration-dependent antioxidant with IC50 of 152 µg for DPPH, and anti-inflammatory effects with IC 50 of about 48 µg for DPPH for protein denaturation. The results of FTIR confirmed the presence of relevant functional groups, and the GCMS revealed the presence of various compounds like docosanoic acid, methyl stearate, and squalene, which are known to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In conclusion, these results showed that the extracts of Albizia zygia could protect against oxidative stress due to the presence of docosanoic acid, methyl stearate, and squalene present in the leaves.
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    Chemotherapeutic Potential of Carthamus oxycantha Root Extract as Antidiarrheal and in vitro Antibacterial Activities
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2020) Olukanni, Adedayo
    Our research work was designed to investigate the curative and preventive effects of Carthamus oxycantha root extract against diarrhea and microorganisms. For the antibacterial experiment, the agar well diffusion method was used against standard bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Salmonella typhi, while for the assessment of antidiarrheal activity, castor oil and the magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhea method was used on albino, laboratory-bred (BALB/c) mice at a dose rate of 200 and 400 mg/kg (body weight, b.w) orally. The methanol extract of C. oxycantha significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the frequency of defecation, and wet stools in a dose depended on the manner of after receiving magnesium sulfate (2 g/kg (b.w)) and castor oil (1.0 mL/mice). Furthermore, the extract of C. oxycantha showed concentration-dependent antimicrobial properties against S. aureus followed by S. typhi, E. coli, and P. aeroginosa bacterial strains, with inhibitions ranging from 10.5–15 mm. These findings show significant results that C. oxycantha is effective as an antidiarrheal and antibacterial agent. However, further works are needed to establish its mode of action.
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    Genetic Variations among Three Major Ethnic Groups in Nigeria Using RAPD
    (Shiraz University, 2018) Olukanni, Adedayo
    Genetically, every individual is unique; this may stem from inheritance, geographical locations, and/or environmental interactions. This study examined the possibility of developing a cheap and easy-to-use marker that can distinguish among the three ethnic groups in Nigeria using RAPD-PCR. Five RAPD primers, OPA1-3 and OPC1-2, were randomly selected and used to amplify DNA samples isolated from blood of eighteen human subjects representing the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria (six subjects each). Genomic DNAs were extracted using DNA isolation kit, RAPD-PCR amplification was performed and gel electrophoresis was done. Genetic similarity between the band polymorphism was evaluated as frequencies of occurrence and the phylogenetic tree constructed. Three of the five primers show various polymorphisms; the highest frequency band for primer OPA1 is 50% while that of primer OPA2 is 100% and for OPC2 is 83.33%. Although OPA2 has common bands in majority of the samples few of the bands are ethnic group specific. Bands 471 and 435 bp are specific for the Hausa ethnic group at 66.67% frequency. Similarly, in primer OPC2, band 320 can be used to distinguish the Hausas from the other two ethnic groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and test for homogeneity showed that there is no significant difference in the polymorphism between and among the groups. In conclusion this research has given an insight into the possibility of developing RAPD primers that could be used to distinguish people of different ethnic groups.
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    Lemon Juice Elevated Level of Reduced Glutathione and Improved Lipid Profile in Wistar Rats
    (IDOSI Publications, 2013) Olukanni, Adedayo
    The beneficial uses of lemon juice have been reported from ages. Such uses are however more ofspeculations than investigation. In this study, the actions of lemon juice on antioxidant status and lipid profilein wistar rats were investigated. Thirty rats were randomized into two groups of fifteen rats each. The first group(control) received distilled water and the second group was given lemon (10% in water), daily for five weeksin addition to the rat chow diet. Serum total protein, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide(SOD) levels were determined as antioxidant status, while total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesteroland triglycerides were measured as the lipid profile. The resultof the antioxidant status showed significantincrease (p<0.05) in the GSH levels of the lemon treated group (0.63±0.01 μg/ml/mg protein) relative to thecontrol (0.53±0.03 μg/ml/mg protein) after 5 week of lemon intake. The lipid profile improved as shown by the significant reduction of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and significant increase in HDL cholesterol. The elevation of serum GSH could be responsible in part for the reported antioxidant effects of lemon juice. It is possible that one or more components in the administered lemon juice stimulated the production of GSH or the reduction of GSSG to GSH
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    Natural Honey Reduced Atherogenic and Coronary Risk Indices in Wistar Rats
    (Faculty of Medicine Trisakti University, 2020-01) Olukanni, Adedayo
    The biochemical mechanism underlying the nutraceutical effects of honey is poorly understood, thus making its functions more a matter of speculations. In this study, we investigated the effects of honey on the atherogenic and coronary risk indices in Wistar rats. An experimental design comprising two groups of rats fed with normal rat chow but with the experimental group receiving 10% honey in water and the control group water alone, for five weeks. Blood samples were collected weekly from each group, and the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total protein were determined. The lipids profile (total cholesterol, total triglycerides, LDL and HDL) were also determined, and the atherogenic and coronary indices were estimated. Data were analyzed, and p<0.05 was considered significant. There were no significant changes in both groups’ serum SOD and CAT across the weeks of study. The LDL cholesterol of the honey-treated rats, however, decreased significantly (9.95 mg/dL) compared to the controls (27.07 mg/dL) (p=0.000). In contrast, honey intake elevated the HDL cholesterol (18.37 mg/dL) relative to 12.25 mg/dL in the control group (p=0.003). Consequently, honey treatment caused significant depletion of atherogenic and coronary risk indices (76.13%, p=0.001) and (50.37%, p=0.023) respectively. We show evidence that the regular intake of honey, at a concentration as low as ten percent of total water intake, may lower factors for the onset of hypertension and coronary diseases.
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    Phytochemical, Chemical and Biomedical Characterization of Crude Extracts of Macrosphyra longistyla (DC.) Hiern.
    (Hashemite University: Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2021-07) Olukanni, Adedayo
    Phytochemical analysis of Macrosphyra longistyla leaf, stem bark, and root extracts revealed different constituents. The GCMS analyses of their ethanolic extracts showed the presence of bioactive compounds: the stem bark yielded 9 compounds, such as squalene, vitamin E, and fatty acids; the root extract revealed 10 different compounds, especially morpholine, isophorone and fatty acids. The extracts demonstrated high proteinase inhibition potentials. The aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaf, stem bark, and root were tested against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 144m, Escherichia coli ATCC11229, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC13311, Enterococcus faeciumATCC700221, Shigella flexneri ATCC12012 and laboratory strain of Streptococcus mutans with the diameter of zone of inhibitions ranging from 10 to 40 mm. The study revealed a marked susceptibility pattern of the test organisms to the ethanol and ethyl-acetate extracts showing varied diameter of zones of inhibitions. The aqueous extract was ineffective against the pathogens.. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranged from 25-100mg/ml. All the test organisms except S. mutans were susceptible to control antibiotic (streptomycin 10µg).. The presence of arrays of bioactive ingredients implicated in the treatment of specific ailments has provided a scientific justification for Macrophyla longistyla as an alternative remedy for the treatment of bacterial infections.