Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences

Permanent URI for this community

https://repository.run.edu.ng/handle/123456789/75

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 29

Administration of Hyrocotyl bonariensis aqueous leaves extract Regulates Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors in galactose model of experimental cataractogenesis
(Academic Journals, 2012-04-16) Adebayo, Olusegun
Reports had indicated that Hydrocotyl bonariensis contains phytochemicals that can be exploited for the development of anticataractogenic agent. In the present study we investigated the effects of administration of the plant’s leaves extract on some cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in galactose model of experimental cataract. Twenty five (25) weanling rats randomly assigned to five groups were used in the study. Aqueous extract of H. bonariensis at 500 and 1000 mgKg-1 were administered to two different groups of the rats placed on galactose diet. Plasma lipid profile, fibrinogen and platelet count were then compared after 4 weeks treatment period between these groups and with the baseline, normal and test control groups. Result of the study indicates that galactose diet elicit significant increase in the plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and artherogenic risk index (AI) whereas simultaneous administration of the extract significantly (p<0.05) lowers the parameters. Fibrinogen and platelet count were also significantly (p<0.05) reduced in rats placed on galactose diet when administered with the extract. The result also suggests that the cardio protective effect of the extract was more pronounced at lower dose administration of the extract. The study indicates that pretreatment with H. bonariensis will reduce predisposition to CVD associated with cataract.
Antioxidant Defense of zinc acetate Supplementation on the Brain of Protein–undernourished Rats
(International Formulae Group, 2009) Adebayo, Olusegun
The effect of zinc on brain weight, glutathione (GSH) level, catalase activity and lipid peroxidation in the brain of protein-undernourished (PU) rats was investigated following the ad libitum ingestion of zinc acetate (30 mg/L) in drinking water for two weeks. Results show that protein-undernutrition induced significant reductions (P<0.01) in brain weight and catalase activity while it induced a significant increase (P<0.05) in lipid peroxidation when compared with well-nourished rats; but no significant effect was observed on GSH level. The ingestion of zinc acetate, however, by PU rats had no significant effect on brain weight but induced significant increase in catalase activity. There were also reductions (P<0.05) in lipid peroxidation and GSH level. These results show that zinc acts as an antioxidant but is ineffective in ameliorating some of the biochemical changes associated with protein-undernutrition-induced brain damage particularly reduction in brain weight.
Atherogenic Index and Lipid Profiles in Albino Rats fed with Surface Modified Hibiscus Sabdariffa Cellulose
(Elsevier, 2021) Adebayo, Olusegun
Despite the several applications of modified cellulose, there is limited information on their safety, and antidyslipidemic functions, which are the focus of this study. To address this, cellulose isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa cellulose was surface modified using nitrilotriacetic acid to produce nitrilotriacetic acid modified Hibiscus sabdariffa cellulose (HSNT). It was characterized using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur/oxygen (CHNS/O) analyzer. The study further investigated the safety of HSNT at the doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg kg−1 body weight in albino rats after a 7-day uninterrupted oral gavage. Histology of cardiac and hepatic tissues was observed, in addition to estimation of clinico-biochemical parameters such as atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli’s risk index (CRI-1), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), albumin (ALB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). FTIR revealed peaks corresponding to the synthesis of HSNT, while XRD showed HSNT to have a crystallinity index of 53.20% with a type I cellulose crystal. HSNT had no significant effect on the absolute heart and liver weights, heart and liver organo-somatic indices, TG, AST, and ALB. Exposure to HSNT-50 caused a significant decrease in AIP levels. However, administration of HSNT-100 and 150 significantly reduced ALT, total cholesterol, and CRI-1 levels but caused a significant elevation in HDL-C levels. Cardiac histology revealed mild inflammatory and fatty infiltration of the myocardium, while the significant indications of the hepatic morphology included congestion of vessels and mild focal periportal infiltration at the HSNT-100 and HSNT-150 doses. Our preliminary data seem to indicate the potential of HSNT modification to resolve blood lipid abnormalities and make a case for an expanded study on its cardio-hepatic effects as well as study to understand the causes of congestion in hepatic vessels.
Biochemical Changes in the Liver and the Pancreas of Well-fed and Protein Undernourished Rats Following Fluoride Administration
(Science Alert, 2012) Adebayo, Olusegun
The biochemical changes in the liver and the pancreas after exposure to 100 ppm fluoride (NaF) in drinking water for one week on Protein Undernourished (PU) and Well-Fed (WF) rats were investigated. The results show that PU induced significant reductions (p<0.05) in body, liver and pancreatic weights. The ingestion of fluoride by both well-fed and PU rats also caused significant reduction (p<0.05) in the body and liver weights except the weight of the pancreas. Moreover, PU increased the level of MDA in both liver and pancreas and has no significant effect on CAT in the liver whereas, its activity was reduced significantly (p<0.05) in the pancreas. The activity of SOD and GSH level were significantly reduced in the liver of PU rats compared to the control but the activity of SOD was increased in the pancreas while no effect was observed in the level of GSH. In the liver, ingestion of fluoride increased the level of MDA in PU rats but the effect was not significant in well fed rats when compared to their respective controls. In the pancreas however, ingestion of fluoride has no effect on the MDA level of both PU and well-fed rats when compared to their controls. In addition, ingestion of fluoride significantly reduced the activity of CAT in the liver of both PU and well-fed rats while in the pancreas, CAT activity was significantly reduced in PU only when compared to their respective controls. Fluoride did not affect the activity of SOD in both the liver and the pancreas of well-fed rats but there was reduction in the activity of SOD in the pancreas of PU rats and a significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in the liver. In addition, the ingestion of fluoride had no effect on GSH level in both PU and well fed rats in the liver but significant reductions were observed in the pancreas of both PU and well-fed rats when compared to their respective controls. We conclude that fluoride exerts biochemical effect on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes of both PU and well-fed rats. This effect varied widely between the liver and the pancreas but it seems that the liver is more sensitive to the toxic assault of fluoride than the pancreas especially in PU rats.
Comparative Study on the Influence of Fluoride on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Levels in the Different Brain Regions of Well-Fed and Protein Undernourished Rats
(Elsevier, 2013) Adebayo, Olusegun
Effects of fluoride on the levels of Lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant enzymes in the brain regions of protein undernourished (PU) and well-fed rats (WF) rats exposed to 100 ppm fluoride in drinking water were investigated. The results indicate that the mean body weights and the total brain weights of PU rats as well as those given fluoride (both WF and PU) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than their respective controls. The weights of different brain regions were also significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in PU rats compared to WF rats except in the brain stem. Fluoride ingestion diminished the weights of WF and PU rats affecting the cerebrum only (in the case of PU rats) and the cerebellum of both WF and PU rats without an effect on the brain stem of both WF and PU. Additionally, increased LP was observed in the cerebrum and cerebellum of PU rats but after fluoride ingestion, 30% increase in LP was observed only in the cerebrum. In the brain stem however, protein undernutrition was accompanied with a significant reduction in LP but the region seems insensitive to fluoride. There were significant reductions (P < 0.05) in CAT, SOD and GSH in all the brain regions (except the GSH level in the brain stem only) of PU rats. Fluoride induced reduction in the activity of CAT in the three brain regions and on SOD activity in cerebrum only for WF rats but no effect of fluoride on all the antioxidants studied in the three brain regions for PU rats. It is concluded that WF and PU rats responded differently to fluoride toxicity. However, it seems that at the dosage used, fluoride toxicity may be a direct effect on the antioxidant enzymes.
Comparison of the Effects of Low Protein Diet Versus Chemical Neurotoxins on Brain weight, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant Status of Rats
(Knowledgia Review, 2009) Adebayo, Olusegun
Dietary Selenium or Zinc Supplementation Restores Brain Lipid Composition and Membrane Fluidity in Protein-Undernourished Rats
(Karger, 2016) Adebayo, Olusegun
Studies have shown that protein undernutrition (PU) modifies the membrane lipid composition in the intestine and liver, as well as in plasma and other areas. However, there is limited information on the effect of PU on synaptosomal membrane lipid composition and fluidity and the protective role of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), which is a major focus of the present study. For 10 weeks, rats were fed diets containing 16% casein, which constituted the adequate protein diet, or 5% casein, representing the PU diet. The animals were supplemented with Se and Zn at a concentration of 0.15 and 227 mg L-1, respectively, in drinking water for 3 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in total lipids, glycolipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, and the cholesterol/phospholipid (Chol/PL) ratio, and a significant reduction in phospholipids and membrane fluidity. Se and Zn supplementation to PU rats, however, significantly lowered total lipids, glycolipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, and the Chol/PL ratio, while phospholipids and membrane fluidity were significantly restored. It is concluded that a perturbed lipid composition induced by PU affects the membrane structure and fluidity, which in turn influences membrane functions. The study suggests that Se and Zn supplementation might be beneficial in restoring the lipid dyshomeostasis associated with PU.
Effect of Selenium and Zinc Supplementation on Reproductive Organs Following Postnatal Protein Malnutrition
(Springer, 2023-07-01) Adebayo, Olusegun
Protein diets are required for the normal development of the reproductive system and their inadequacy or deficiency might have hazardous functional complications during maturational and developmental stages. The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on the male and female reproductive organs of rats with postnatal protein malnutrition. Male and female weanling rats were randomly assigned to six groups respectively. The adequate protein diet rats were fed with 16% casein diet while the protein malnourished diet (PMD) rats were fed with 5% casein diet. After the 8th week of feeding, Se (sodium selenite; Na2SeO3) and Zn (zinc sulfate; ZnSO4·7H2O) were supplemented for 3 weeks. The growth curve of body weights, lipid profile, testosterone and progesterone level, Na+-K+-ATPase activity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status were evaluated. The results showed that PMD reduced the body weights of male and female rats. It also reduced the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the testes, but reductions in superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, glutathione, vitamins C and E, testosterone, and progesterone levels were observed in both the testes and ovaries. Furthermore, PMD increased the nitric oxide level in both organs and altered the plasma lipid profiles in both sexes. Se and Zn supplementation, however, restored almost all the alterations observed in all the parameters analyzed. In conclusion, Se and Zn supplementation protects the male and female reproductive organs of rats against postnatal protein malnutrition.
Fish oil supplementation protects against protein undernutrition-induced testicular and ovarian biochemical alterations in rats
(Elsevier, 2023-03-25) Adebayo, Olusegun
Proteins are required for biological functions and their inadequacy might impair the growth and development of the reproductive system. The study investigated the effects of fish oil (FO) supplementation on low-protein diet-induced alterations in male and female reproductive organs. Male and female rats were assigned randomly to four groups respectively. The NPD rats had five rats per group and were given 16% casein diet while the LPD rats had eight rats per group and received 5% casein diet. After the 8th week, FO was administered for 3 weeks via oral gavage at a concentration of 400 mg Kg− 1 after which the rats were sacrificed, and testes and ovaries were excised. LPD-fed rats showed lower body weights for both genders. In LPD-fed rats, NO was significantly increased while GSH, vitamins C and E levels, the activities of CAT (except in ovaries), and GST were significantly reduced in both tissues. The activities of SOD and GPx were only reduced in the testes including sperm count, motility, and increase deformed sperm cells. Testosterone and progesterone levels were also reduced and lipid homeostasis was disrupted in the plasma of LPD-fed rats. FO supplementation reduces the NO, CHOL, TG, LDL (in females), and VLDL but significantly improves HDL (in females), testosterone, and progesterone levels, sperm count, motility, and morphology. The antioxidant status of both tissues also increased significantly in LPDfed rats. Conclusively, FO might be effective in improving testicular and ovarian functions and for the maintenance of plasma lipid homeostasis in LPD-fed rats.
High Sucrose Diet Modulates Calcium Status in Male Albino Rats: Possible Implication on Cardiovascular Disease and Dental Caries
(Bioscience, 2014) Adebayo, Olusegun
Effects of various concentrations of sucrose diet were assessed on calcium status of thirty weanling male albino rats randomly divided into five equal groups as follows: G1 (baseline group); G2 (control group; rat chow only); G3, G4 and G5 (experimental groups; with energy supply from sucrose at 10, 20 and 30 percent respectively). The experimental groups were fed for twelve weeks; standard laboratory procedures were used to determine feed and nutrient intakes; feaces and urine were taken for calcium estimation, the rats were fasted overnight, anaesthetized with diethyl ether and blood was collected using cardio puncture method. Bones and teeth were removed washed, dried and ashed. Plasma was collected by centrifugation, urinary and plasma calcium was assessed by enzymatic kits while feacal, bone and teeth calcium were assessed using standard laboratory methods. Analyses revealed that inclusion of sucrose at concentration of 20 percent of energy supply significantly increased (p<0.05) plasma calcium, 59.54 percent and urinary calcium, 125.72 percent. Significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in faecal calcium, 9.54 percent; bone calcium, 3.21 percent and teeth calcium, 15.98 percent. The study revealed that consumption of sucrose at twenty percent energy supply may reduce teeth and bone calcium which may affect their integrity; increased plasma calcium which may affect cardiovascular risk factors in albino rats. Consequently, current recommendation of WHO/FAO stating that sucrose should not supply more than ten percent of energy intake rather than upper limit of twenty five percent set by IOM of Food and Nutrition Board must be adhered to.
Histomorphological and Redox Delineations in the Testis and Epididymis of Albino Rats Fed with Green-Synthesized Cellulose
(MDPI, 2020-08-25) Adebayo, Olusegun
It has also become increasingly necessary to diversify the production of cellulose for biomedical applications. In this study, cellulose-green-synthesized from Sesamum indicum (GSC)—was administered orally to rats for 14 days as follows: control, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg GSC. The impact of GSC on the antioxidant status and histomorphology of the testes and epididymis were studied. GSC had no effects on organ weights and organosomatic indices. In the testes, GSC caused nonsignificant changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and nitric oxide levels, whereas it significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde levels. In the epididymis, GSC significantly decreased superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide levels, but caused a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione levels. Furthermore, at ×200 magnification, testicular morphology appeared normal at all doses, however, extravasation of the germinal epithelium of the epididymis was observed at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg GSC. Conversely, at ×400 magnification, spermatogenic arrest (testes) and chromatolytic alterations (epididymis) were observed at the higher doses (200 and 400 mg/kg GSC). This study reports on the effect of green-synthesized cellulose on testicular and epididymal histology and redox status and further extends the frontiers of research on cellulose.
In Vivo Hepatotoxicity of Chemically Modified Nanocellulose in Rats
(Sage, 2020-02-13) Adebayo, Olusegun
Chemical modification of cellulose is currently attracting attention as researchers attempt to take advantage of the abundance of hydroxyl groups on its surface to introduce extra biological functionality. However, the possible deleterious effect of exposure to functionalized nanocellulose (CSN) remains a concern. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential mechanisms of hepatotoxicity of CSN modified with oxalate ester (NCD) in rats. A 7-day repeated oral toxicity study of NCD at the doses of 50 and 100 mg kg1 body weight was conducted, and plasma and liver tissue samples were assayed using biochemical analysis, liver histopathology, and protein expression. NCD, at both doses, did not significantly (p > 0.05) alter the relative weight of liver, alkaline phosphatase activity, and lipid peroxidation levels of the animals. However, NCD at the dose of 100 mg kg1 body weight significantly elevated aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and myeloperoxidase activities. NCD also enhanced the immunohistochemical expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and Bcl-2-associated X protein in the liver of rats. Histological observations revealed necrosis and severe cellular infiltration at the high-dose treatment. Our study provides an experimental basis for the safe application of NCDs.
Intensified Mitochondrial Hydrogen Peroxide Release Occurs in all Brain Regions, Affects Male as Well as Female Rett Mice, and Constitutes a Life-Long Burden
(Elsevier, 2020-11-06) Adebayo, Olusegun
The neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT) affects mostly females. Upon an apparently normal initial development, cognitive impairment, irregular breathing, motor dysfunction, and epilepsy occur. The complex pathogenesis includes, among others, mitochondrial impairment, redox imbalance, and oxidative damage. As these arise already in neonatal Rett mice, they were proposed contributors of disease progression. Several mitochondrial studies in RTT used either full brains or selected brain regions only. Here, we mapped mitochondria-related ROS generation brain wide. Using sophisticated multi-sample spectrofluorimetry, H2O2 release by isolated mitochondria was quantified in a coupled reaction of Amplex UltraRed and horseradish peroxidase. All brain regions and the entire lifespan were characterized in male and female mice. In WT mice, mitochondrial H2O2 release was usually highest in cortex and lowest in hippocampus. Maximum rates occurred at postnatal day (PD) 10 and they slightly declined with further maturation. Already at PD 10, male and female Rett mice showed exaggerated mitochondrial H2O2 releases in first brain regions and persistent brain-wide increases from PD 50 on. Interestingly, female Rett mice were more intensely affected than male Rett mice, with their brainstem, midbrain and hippocampus being most severely struck. In conclusion, we used a reliable multi-sample cuvette-based assay on mitochondrial ROS release to perform brain-wide analyzes along the entire lifespan. Mitochondrial H2O2 release in Rett mice is intensified in all brain regions, affects hemizygous males and heterozygous females, and involves all maturational stages. Therefore, intensified mitochondrial H2O2 release seriously needs to be considered throughout RTT pathogenesis and may constitute a potential therapeutic target.
Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status of the Cerebrum, Cerebellum and Brain Stem Following Dietary Monosodium Glutamate Administration in Mice
(Science Alert, 2011-07-28) Adebayo, Olusegun
The effect of the ingestion of large amounts of MSG administered with diets on different brain regions was investigated. Animals were divided into two groups of six mice each. The control group was fed with water and diet only while the experimental group was placed on water and a diet containing 30% (w/w) MSG for 14 weeks. Internationally acceptable procedures were used for all the parameters analyzed in this study. Following MSG administration, there were increases (p<0.01) in the total brain weight as well as the brain weight to body weight ratio with a reduction (p<0.01) in body weight. The weights of both the cerebrum and the cerebellum were increased (p<0.05). Lipid Peroxidation (LP) was increased (p<0.05) in the cerebrum, reduced in the brain stem and remained unchanged in the cerebellum. Catalase (CAT) activity in both the brain stem and the cerebrum was increased (p<0.05) but the cerebellum was unaffected. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity and Glutathione (GSH) level were reduced (p<0.05) in the cerebellum but the antioxidants were not affected in the cerebrum and the brain stem. The results of the present study suggest that the ingestion of large amounts of MSG with diet causes an increase in the weight of cerebrum with simultaneous increase in LP and reduction in CAT activity.
Modulation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors (Hematological and Hemorrological Parameters) Caused by Sucrose Diet
(Science Alert, 2013) Adebayo, Olusegun
The involvement of sucrose and its amount in the causation of cardiovascular disease is still controversial and inconclusive. The two latest reports of WHO/FAO and Institute of Medicine of Food and Nutritional Board (IOM of FNB) on optimal level of sucrose consumption are at least contradictory; therefore the need to clarify the effect of different concentrations of sucrose consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factor is expedient. Effect of sucrose consumption was assessed on twenty four male albino rats, four to six weeks old, 48-65 g, divided into five groups: G1 (control), G2 (10% energy supply from sucrose), G3 (20% energy supply from sucrose), G4 (30% energy supply from sucrose). The following parameters were determined: red blood cell count, white blood cell count, packed cell volume, blood and plasma viscosities; fibrinogen level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Analyses revealed that inclusion of sucrose at concentration of 20% energy supply significantly increased (p<0.05) blood viscosity by 97.59%, plasma viscosity 16.48%, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 40.00%, plasma fibrinogen13.63% and white blood cell count 6.59%, while no significant effect (p>0.05) was observed on red blood cell count and packed cell volume. The study revealed that consumption of sucrose at twenty percent energy supply increased some selected haematological and haemorrheological parameters associated with cardiovascular disease.
Oxidative Damage on the Testes of Adult Rats by sodium metabisulfite
(International Formulae Group, 2012) Adebayo, Olusegun
The effect of sodium metabisulfite (MBS, Na2S2O5) on the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), testes weight and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) as well as the level of glutathione (GSH) were investigated in the testes of Wistar albino rats. The study was performed to elucidate the effect of MBS (520 mg/kg/day) ingestion on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzymes activities. The results showed that MDA level as well as the activity of SOD was significantly increased in MBS-treated rats whereas the weight of the testes as well as the level of GSH was not significantly affected. However, there was significant reduction in the activity of CAT in the MBS-treated rats compared to the control. The presented data showed that ingestion of MBS has adverse effect on testes as it induced oxidative damage, reflected by increase lipid peroxidation and impairment in the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
Polyathia longifolia: Redox Potential of a Cellulose Nanocrystal Derivative and ADMET Predictions of Selected Compounds.
(Elsevier, 2022-01-31) Adebayo, Olusegun
Cellulosic biomass, endowed with several hydroxyl groups, has been the source of nanomaterials and functionalized derivatives for biomedical applications. However, the effect of greensynthesized cellulose nanocrystals from Polyathia longifolia (PCN) on redox parameters in the rat cortex and cerebellum has not been evaluated. In the present study, eighteen male albino rats were randomly grouped as control, PCN-50 and PCN-100, and administered distilled water, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight PCN once a day (per os) for 14 consecutive days. Growth performance, biochemical, histological analyses were performed to monitor treatment-related parameters. PCN, at both doses, did not significantly (p > 0.05) alter the body weights, absolute organ weights, albumin, cortical and cerebellar catalase, and glutathione S-transferase levels. However, PCN significantly elevated aspartate aminotransferase, cortical and cerebellar glutathione, and lipid peroxidation levels. Interestingly, histological observations revealed normal-appearing neurons, hippocampus, and Purkinje layers. Furthermore, in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of nine ligands from Polyalthia longifolia established oral drug-like behavior. They showed 5-hydroxy-2 (5H)-furanone as the safest compound among all selected ligands. Our data provide insight into the redox potential of green synthesized cellulose nanocrystals in rat sub-brain sections.
Postnatal Protein Malnutrition Induces Neurochemical Alterations Leading to Behavioral Deficits in Rats: Prevention by Selenium or Zinc Supplementation.
(Taylor and Francis, 2014-11) Adebayo, Olusegun
Background/objectives: Protein malnutrition (PM) is a worldwide problem affecting brain development in a large number of children. The present study was aimed at studying the perturbations in antioxidant defense system resulting from protein deficiency and to evaluate the preventive effect of Se and Zn on cortex and cerebellum. Methods: Well-fed (WF) and PM rats were fed on 16 and 5% protein diet, respectively. After 10 weeks, animals were supplemented with Se and Zn at a concentration of 0.15 and 227 mg/l in drinking water for 3 weeks. Results: PM rats showed significant increase in lipid peroxidation, nitrite, and protein carbonyl levels. Reduction in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thiol levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, and neurobehavioral deficits were observed in PM groups. Se and Zn supplementation reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation, nitrite, and protein carbonyl and restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes and thiol levels in the cortex and cerebellum of PM rats along with neurobehavioral deficits. Discussion: The study showed that Se and Zn supplementation might be beneficial in preventing biochemical alterations and neurobehavioral deficits in PM children.
Protective Effect of Selenium on Protein-Undernutrition-Induced Brain Damage in Rats
(Springer, 2007) Adebayo, Olusegun
The effect of ad libitum ingestion of selenium (Se) in drinking water (0.15 mg SeO2/L) for 3 wk on the brain weight, total brain protein, glutathione (GSH) level, catalase activity, and lipid peroxidation in the brain of protein-undernourished (PU) rats was investigated, in an attempt to determine whether antioxidants alone can reverse some of the neuropathological changes associated with protein undernutrition in rats. Feeding on a normal diet (16% casein) by well-fed rats or a low-protein diet (5% casein) by PU rats and Se-treated PU rats lasted 14 wk. Setreated PU rats were given Se in drinking water during the last 3 wk of the experiment. Results show that protein undernutrition induced significant reductions (p < 0.001) in brain weight, total brain protein, and catalase activity (p < 0.05) while it induced a significant increase (p < 0.05) in lipid peroxidation when compared with well-nourished rats; but no significant effect was observed for the GSH level. However, the ingestion of Se in drinking water by PU rats for 3 wk resulted in significant increases (p < 0.05) in brain weight, catalase activity, and total brain protein but induced a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in lipid peroxidation when compared with PU rats given water. The values obtained for Setreated PU rats are comparable with those obtained for well-nourished rats. The GSH level was, however, not affected by Se ingestion. We suggest that Se, by inducing increases in the concentration of certain proteins, including catalase, in the brain, abolished some of the pathological changes associated with protein undernutrition in the brain, and appears as a promising antioxidant in the prevention and management of pro-oxidant-induced brain damage.
Protective Roles of Selenium and Zinc against Postnatal Protein-Undernutrition-Induced Alterations in Ca2+- Homeostasis Leading to Cognitive Deficits in Wistar Rats
(Elsevier, 2015-06) Adebayo, Olusegun
Postnatal protein-undernutrition impacts on mental development and cognition in children and can lead to problem with attention and unresponsiveness which compromise children's ability to learn. These behavioral disorders might be due to alteration in calcium homeostasis as calcium plays critical roles in fundamental functions of neuron. The role of low protein diet as well as Se and Zn supplementation on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), Ca(2+)-ATPase, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, calpain and caspase-3 activities from rat cortex and cerebellum were investigated. Well-fed (WF) and low protein diet-fed (LPDF) rats were given diets containing 16% and 5% casein, respectively, for a period of 10 weeks. Then, the rats were supplemented with Se and Zn at a concentration of 0.15 mgL(-1) and 227 mgL(-1), respectively, in drinking water for 3 weeks. The results obtained from the study showed a significant increase in [Ca(2+)]i; calpain and caspase-3 activities as well as increase transfer latency in water maze study and reductions in Ca(2+)-ATPase and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activities for LPDF rats compared to WF rats. Se and Zn supplementation to LPDF rats reversed the elevation in [Ca(2+)]i, calpain and caspase-3 activities and restored the cognitive deficits and the activities of Ca(2+)-ATPase and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. Conclusively, protein-undernutrition results in the accumulation of synaptosomal calcium and inhibition of calcium transporters presumably via free radical generations and results in cognitive impairment which also probably results from neuronal death in rats through calpain activation and the caspase cascade mechanisms. However, Se and Zn supplementations ameliorated the anomalies observed.

Browse

Browsing Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences by Author "Adebayo, Olusegun"

Results Per Page

Sort Options