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XENOPHOBIA AND AFRICAN UNITY
(SIST Journal of Religion and the Humanities, 2023) Amadi Kelechi Collins
World history has shown that the centrality of sustainable unity among individuals, societies, nations and countries for the realization of desirable social order and holistic development is not contestable. Consistent with this belief, some thinkers who seek solutions to the various developmental crises in Africa are quick to identify “unity of African people and nations” as the requirement for effective development and desirable progress in Africa. Some of these thinkers often times pin down the ordeal of African unity and lack of development on the antecedents of colonialism and neo-colonialism. It seems that less emphasis is being laid on the role of xenophobia in the quest for African unity. Using the method of critical analysis and reflection on political issues and events in Africa, this research paper identified xenophobia as a huge stumbling block towards the attainment of African unity; it also identified, besides other causes of xenophobic tendencies, the lack of proper knowledge of the unique and self-identity of the various tribes and nations in Africa as the remote cause of xenophobic action. Thus, it proposed the advent of an African Orientation Agency that will create enough room for a large membership that will draw from the various tribes and nations in Africa. In its duties, this agency will be able to achieve certain goals—It will rationally domicile and disseminate the knowledge of the self-identity of the various tribes in Africa to Africans. As the saying goes— “the fear of the unknown is far greater than the fear of the known”. This knowledge and awareness will greatly reduce xenophobia with its tendencies; it will predispose the Africans towards a process of healing from the damages already caused by xenophobic actions and this will engender unity in Africa.
Cultural politics of African queer orientation: a critical exploration of Nigerian antigay act backlashes on Social Media
(2026) Adebayo Abidemi Olufemi
This study analyses the backlashes of Nigeria’s 2013 antigay statute as narrated in social media videos. Nigerian queer community is restrained by the law and this restraint raises human rights ques tions. The study is guided by Johan Galtung’s break-of-violence Theory of Peace. It employs some methodological strategies includ ing purposive data selection, qualitative research principles, use of internet-mediated platforms, inclusion of Diaspora vloggers, and gender consideration. It is noted in the study that some backlashes trail the Nigerian same-sex prohibition law, which are identified in the video such as shock collapse of conventional nuptials, kito- extortion, forced sexual abstinence, and denial of sexual health access. Nigeria is in the dilemma between upholding her cultural- religious tenets and abiding by international commitments such as United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Nigerian government cannot be insensitive to cultural and religious leanings of its people because of politicking. Yet, the antigay law is a violation of the principles of freedom. Solutions can be found in the civil society. Heterosexual Nigerians should therefore hold pre- nuptial conversations on sexual orientations with partners to avert shock discoveries. Government also needs to revisit the antigay law for possible amendments. Such a revisit will curb backlashes such as kito-onslaughts
Physicochemical Properties of Natural, Processed, and Treated Leachates from Selected Dumpsites in Ogbomoso Township
(2025) Olaiya Stephen Akinola
As waste generation increases due to population growth and industrial expansion. A major issue arising from improper waste management is leachate, a highly contaminated liquid that seeps from waste deposits, posing severe risks to soil, groundwater, and surface water quality. This study investigates the physicochemical properties of leachates at two selected dumpsites in Ogbomoso Township. Two dumpsites, Atenda and Isale Ajuwon, were chosen to evaluate their natural, processed, and treated leachate characteristics, the parameters tested for are, pH, turbidity, conductivity, alkalinity, nitrate, nitrite, hardness, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand, sulphates, phosphate, chloride, potassium, sodium, and various heavy metals like zinc, cadmium, magnesium, iron, nickel, copper, and lead. The natural leachates were extracted from one-meter depth and analysed to determine the physicochemical properties. Leachate analysis shows significant variations in physicochemical properties, with pH values between 5.50 and 7.40 and conductivity ranging from 12.90 to 33.5µS/cm. Nitrate levels from 3.20 to 6.70 mg/L indicate potential nutrient pollution, while trace metals like lead and cadmium pose toxicity risks for soil and groundwater. The findings emphasize the importance of adopting more effective waste management strategies at both sites to curb environmental hazards and contamination, despite the relatively moderate conditions at Atenda. Enhancing leachate control and implementing proper waste-sorting practices could contribute to a more sustainable approach in these areas.
Assessment of Nutritional Contents of Gari Obtained from Different Markets in Southwest Nigeria
(2025) Adeniji, Paulina Olufunke
Gari, a fermented cassava-based staple food, is widely consumed across various socioeconomic groups in Nigeria and West Africa. Its production involves several processing steps, including peeling, grating, fermentation, pressing, and frying. This study was designed to comprehensively evaluate the nutritional quality and residual cyanogenic potential of Gari samples. The Gari samples were purchased from 3 randomly selected vendors at nine different popular markets in Osun and Oyo States. Proximate Composition of the Gari samples was determined using the Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. The level of significance difference was set at P<0.05. The moisture content of the Gari samples ranged from 6.80g - 7.43g/100g, protein content (0.20g to 0.89g/100g), fat content (0.16g to 0.86g/100g), crude fiber (1.20g to 3.19g/100g), and ash (0.89g - 1.64g/100g). Amylose content ranged from 19.73g to 25.95g/100g, while starch content ranged from 52.26g to 78.87g/100g. Also, cyanide levels varied from 0.48 to 1.29 mg/100g, with most samples falling below the FAO/WHO permissible limit of 10 mg HCN/kg. Lead, copper, nickel, and cadmium levels ranged from 0.009-0.042, 1.28-5.06, 2.42-6.84, and 0.288-0.588 mg/kg, respectively, and were within the recommended safety limits. All the Gari samples used in this study contained both macronutrients and micronutrients of good significant values. These values are within the Codex Alimentarius Commission’s tolerable limits in food samples, making the Gari samples safe for consumption.
Assessment of Liver Enzymes in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Ikere-Ekiti
(2022-10-19) Omon Emmanuel Akokhamen
Pregnancy is a physiological condition which brings about changes in different systems of the body to support the growing foetus in the uterus. This study was designed to evaluate some of the liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and GGT) activities in the different trimesters of pregnancy. A total of 120 subjects consisting of ninety [90] pregnant women at different trimesters thirty [30] and apparently healthy non-pregnant women (control) in Ikere-Ekiti [30] were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected from the subjects after obtaining their consents. Liver function enzymes assay were determined using kinetic methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS computer software version 21.0 and results were presented in tables and figures as mean ± standard deviation. The result showed that the mean AST of nonpregnant women (control), pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters were 3.44±1.88, 12.60±5.34, 10.20±4.93 and 8.67±3.37 (IU/L) respectively. The mean ALT of non-pregnant women (control), pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters were 3.27±1.75, 14.56±8.71, 11.46±6.08 and 9.33±6.34 (IU/L) respectively. The mean GGT of nonpregnant women (control), pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters was 3.60±1.88, 15.14±9.11, 13.22±5.27 and 10.35±7.19 (IU/L) respectively. The mean ALP of non-pregnant women (control), pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters was 24.63±10.84, 58.73±24.71, 69.55±25.13 and 82.31±35.69 (IU/L) respectively. The study concludes that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean ALT, AST and GGT of pregnant women (subjects) in the three trimesters compared to non-pregnant women (control). However, there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the ALP of pregnant women in the 3rd trimester compared to non-pregnant women (control). Liver function tests are important biomedical indicators that reflect any changes in an adult person, and should be routinely investigated during pregnancy to outline any pathologic changes.