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Rape: The Role of Histocytopathologist in Nigeria
(2023-03-22) Omon Emmanuel Akokhamen
Background and aim. Sexual violence refers to a specific constellation of crimes including sexual harassment, sexual assault, and rape. This study was carried out to establish the role of histocytopathologist in establishing rape cases in Nigeria. Methods. One of the first interventions is the macroscopic analysis that consists of evaluating evidence/garments collected (from the victim, corpse, aggressor, and crime scene) to the laboratory in order to perform a search for blood, semen, hair, saliva, sweat, tissues, fibers, and other elements through meticulous and sequential observation, evaluating and establishing strategies to find biological spots. Coloscopic analysis was done using the histological stain; Toluidine blue. Results. Identification by microscopy (e.g., spermatozoa), comparison microscopy (e.g., hairs and fibers), serological analyses (e.g. conventional ABO grouping or species identification), and biochemical analyses (e.g. phosphoglucomutase) played a fundamental role in the investigation of crime for many years and are still used today in some circumstances. In the forensic analysis of male on male rape, microscopic examination for spermatozoa is initially undertaken, followed by DNA analysis if any body fluids are identified. Conclusion. The role of a histocytopathologist in rape diagnosis include detection of biological evidence using microscopic techniques, assessment of a crime scene using Alternative Light Sources, use of fluorescent contrast techniques and use of histochemistry and staining methods to detect and analyze biological evidence.
Correlation of renal biomarkers, electrolyte imbalances and vitamin D levels in hypertensive subjects
(2025-02-05) Omon Emmanuel Akokhamen
The mechanisms behind persistent high blood pressure and its effects on renal function and electrolyte balance are not yet fully understood. The present study aimed to identify electrolyte imbalances in hypertensive patients and to determine their association with renal function and vitamin D levels. For this purpose, 155 subjects were recruited for the study, including 83 hypertensive subjects and 72 healthy normotensive subjects matched for sex and age as controls. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire, and anthropometric parameters were measured using standard procedures. Sodium and potassium levels were determined using an ion selective electrolyte analyzer, while calcium, magnesium and phosphorus levels were measured using spectrophotometry. Uric acid, creatinine and urea levels were analyzed using a semi‑auto chemistry analyzer, and vitamin D levels were assessed using ELISA. The results obtained revealed that body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and creatinine, urea, uric acid, magnesium and sodium levels were significantly higher in the hypertensive subjects compared with the healthy controls (P<0.05); however, the vitamin D, calcium, potassium and phosphate levels were significantly lower in the hypertensive subjects compared to the healthy controls (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in all parameters studied as regards age and sex (P>0.05). On the whole, the present study demonstrates that an electrolyte imbalance, renal dysfunction and vitamin D deficiency are observed in hypertensive subjects. These findings emphasize the importance of assessing and monitoring these biochemical markers as they could improve prognosis, aid in early diagnosis, and assist in determining the optimal level of therapeutic interventions.
Haemoglobin genotype, ABO and rhesus blood group pattern among students of Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology Ikere, Ekitis state, Nigeria
(2022-11-10) Omon Emmanuel Akokhamen
Background:The two most significant blood group systems of clinical importance are ABO and rhesus. An essential blood component that determines haemoglobinopathies is haemoglobin genotype. The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of haemoglobin genotypes, ABO and rhesus blood groups pattern among students of Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology Ikere (BOUESTI), Ekiti state. Methods:Two thousand (2,000) samples comprising 840 (42%) males and 1,160 (58%) females were recruited for this study. The ABO blood group was determined using tile method, while the haemoglobin genotype was determined using haemoglobin electrophoresis. Data analysis was done using simple percentage and Chi square test.Results:The results obtained showed that out of the two thousand subjects that participated in this study, 1,448 (72.4%) of the subjects had HbAA, 452 (22.6%) had HbAS, 72 (3.6%) had HbAC, 20 (1%) had HbSS and 8 (0.4%) had HbSC. The distribution of ABO blood groups of the subjects were; blood group O (53.6%), blood group B (26.6%), blood group A (17.8%) and blood group AB (2.0%). Furthermore, 96.0% of the subjects were rhesus ‘D’ positive, while 4.0% were rhesus ‘D’ negative. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the haemoglobin genotypes and ABO blood groups of the subjects with respect to age and sex.Conclusions:The study concludes that the distribution of ABO blood group in the study population was given by O>B>A>AB, while the genotype was givenby AA>AS>AC>SS>SC respectively. Continued haemoglobin genotype test and premarital counselling of potential couples is highly recommended
Oxidative stress and antioxidants markers in individuals with thyroid hormones dysfunction
(2023-12-30) Omon Emmanuel Akokhamen
Introduction and aim. Thyroid hormone abnormalities have been associated with oxidative changes in human beings. The aim of the study was to evaluate the oxidative stress marker and antioxidants status in individuals with thyroid hormone dysfunction in Ekiti State. Material and methods. A total of eighty samples were recruited in this study comprising forty subjects with thyroid hormones dysfunction and forty apparently healthy controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase were determined spectrophotometerically. Results. MDA was non-significantly higher (p>0.05) in subjects (4.33±0.84 nmol/mL) compared with control (4.12±0.63 nmol/mL), catalase was non-significantly higher (p>0.05) in subjects (199.36±20.21 µm/mL) compared with control (181.55±16.61 µm/mL), while GSH was significantly lower (p<0.05) in subjects (79.31±10.12 µmol/mL) compared with control (127.21±7.29 µmol/mL). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the increase in the reactive oxygen species accompanied with impairment of the antioxidant system occurs in patients with thyroid hormone dysfunction. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism induces disequilibrium of the oxidative/anti-oxidative balance that can lead to subsequent development of inflammation and associated diseases.
DÉCONSTRUCTION PSYCHOANALYTIQUE DE L’ÉTAT Z’HÉROS OU LA GUERRE DES GAOUSDE MAURICE BANDAMAN
(BEYOND BABEL: BU JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND HUMANITIES, 2025-05-24) Oyetunde Julius Oluwafemi
Cet article propose une analyse psychanalytique du roman L’Étatz’héros ou la guerre des gaous de Maurice Bandaman, en mettant l’accent sur la représentation de la violence et ses effets psychiques sur les personnages. L’étude vise à identifier les manifestations du traumatisme, les mécanismes de défense et les pulsions inconscientes qui influencent les comportements des individus confrontés à la guerre et à l’oppression. À travers les interactions entre les personnages, l’analyse met en évidence des phénomènes de refoulement, de répétition traumatique et de pulsion de mort.Cette étude adopte une approche psychanalytique afin d’examiner comment les personnages du roman réagissent aux traumatismes et à la violence. La théorie de Sigmund Freud, offre des outils d’analyse pertinents pour comprendre les effets du refoulement, de la pulsion de mort et des mécanismes de défense dans la construction psychologique des personnages. Les résultats révèlent que la violence ne se limite pas à l’action narrative, mais s’inscrit profondément dans la psyché des personnages. Certains d’entre eux, victimes au départ, deviennent à leur tour bourreaux, illustrant un cycle de traumatisme non résolu. Le roman explore également la mémoire collective et le poids du passé dans la société post-conflit. L’auteur interroge la possibilité de résilience et de rupture avec la logique de la répétition. Cette étude conclut que la littérature joue un rôle fondamental dans la mise en lumière des séquelles psychiques de la guerre, en offrant un espace de réflexion sur les processus de guérison individuelle et sociale.