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Maternal and community factors associated with unmet contraceptive need among childbearing women in Northern Nigeria
(Contraception and Reproductive Medicine, 2019) Solanke Bola Lukman
Background: Unmet need for modern contraceptive remains a critical reproductive health challenge in Nigeria. Numerous studies in Nigeria and other countries have investigated the patterns, prevalence and associated factors of unmet contraceptive need. In spite of these, the associated factors of unmet contraceptive need in Northern Nigeria have remained insufficiently explored. The few studies that focused on Northern Nigeria have mainly examined maternal individual factors leaving out higher level factors such as community-level factors that may be associated with unmet contraceptive need. This study examines the extent to which maternal and community factors are associated with unmet contraceptive need in Northern Nigeria. Method: Data was pooled from 2008 to 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys. A weighted sample size of 26, 730 women was analysed. The outcome variable was unmet contraceptive need, dichotomised into no unmet need and unmet need. The explanatory variables were individual maternal characteristics such as age, education, number of living children, age at marriage, pregnancy termination experience, and death of a child, and selected community characteristics such as community socioeconomic status, community literacy level, community knowledge of modern contraceptive and geo-political zone. The Multilevel Logistic Regression Model (MLRM) was applied. Result: Results showed a prevalence of 18% unmet contraceptive need among Northern women in Nigeria. Maternal age of 35years or older (AOR = 0.873; p< 0.05, CI: 0.780–0.976), having five or more living children (AOR = 1.813; p< 0.001, CI: 1.663–1.977), higher maternal education (AOR = 0.787; p < 0.05, CI: 0.625–0.993), and never experience death of a child (AOR =0.866; p<0.001, CI: 0.805–0.933) are the maternal factors significantly associated with unmet contraceptive need, while high community literacy level (AOR = 1.230; p< 0.05, CI: 1.041–1.454), moderate (AOR = 0.862; p< 0.05, CI: 0.767 0.968) or high (AOR = 0.821; p< 0.05, CI: 0.726–0.929) community knowledge of modern contraceptive, and geo-political zone of residence are the community-level characteristics significantly associated with unmet contraceptive need among women in Northern Nigeria. Conclusion: Maternal and community factors are significantly associated with unmet contraceptive need, but based on the ICC maternal factors have more significance in Northern Nigeria. The expansion of existing family planning delivery points to cover all communities including rural and remote areas in the region is imperative.
Nigeria’s Juvenile Crime: A Historical Trajectory
(SCaRPE-A Nigeria, 2024) AKANBI Bode Oladayo
Juvenile crime in Nigeria has been a growing concern through the years. Hence, this study embarks on an exploration of the evolution of juvenile crime within the Nigerian context. Drawing upon a wealth of archival records, legal documents, and historical narratives, it traces the shifting patterns of juvenile delinquency from the pre-colonial era through to the present day. It explores the shifting definitions of juvenile crime, the changing demographics of young offenders, and the emergence of new criminal trends. The study illuminates how socio-economic changes, cultural dynamics, and legislative reforms have influenced the nature and prevalence of juvenile crime over time. Furthermore, it critically examines the impact of colonial rule and postcolonial rule on the juvenile justice system, highlighting the enduring legacies and contemporary challenges. It considers the impact of colonialism, economic and social changes, and the evolving legal framework on the nature and perception of juvenile delinquency. The paper argues that understanding the historical context of juvenile crime is crucial for developing effective preventative and rehabilitative strategies in contemporary Nigeria.
A Comparative Study of Cement and Lime Stabilized Lateritic Interlocking Blocks
(The pacific Journal of science and Technology, 2010) Bello Oluwafemi Adeboye
This paper reports the results of a comparative study of cement and lime stabilized lateritic interlocking blocks produced with laterite samples from the Olomi area in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. The stabilizing agents were added at 5%, 10% 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight replacement levels. The blocks were tested for compressive strengths, water absorption, and resistance to abrasion. The results showed that average dry compressive strength at 28 days for cement stabilized blocks at 5%, 10% 15%, 20%, and 25% stabilization were 1.63 N/mm2 , 2.60 N/mm2 , 2.78 N/mm2 , 2.82 N/mm2 , and 3.12 N/mm2 , respectively, while those of lime stabilized blocks were 0.92 N/mm2 , 1.25 N/mm2 , 1.15 N/mm2 , 1.06 N/mm2, and 0.94 N/mm2 , respectively. The Nigeria Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI, 2006) specified that the minimum 28 days strength should not be lower than 2N/mm2 . Only cement stabilized blocks satisfied this requirement at 10% and above stabilization level. It was concluded that cement stabilized interlocking blocks are of better quality and cheaper than those stabilized with lime.
What predicts delayed first antenatal care contact among primiparous women? Findings from a cross-sectional study in Nigeria
(BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2022) Solanke Bola Lukman
Background Delayed first antenatal care contact refers to first antenatal care contact occurring above twelfth weeks of gestation. Studies in Nigeria and in other countries have examined the prevalence and predictors of delayed f irst antenatal care contact. Nevertheless, existing studies have rarely examined the predictors among primiparous women. In addition, the evidence of higher health risks associated with primigravida emphasizes the need to focus on primiparous women. This study, therefore, examined the predictors of delayed first antenatal care contact among primiparous women in Nigeria. Methods The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design that analyzed data extracted from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The study analyzed a weighted sample of 3,523 primiparous women. The outcome variable was delayed first antenatal care contact. explanatory variables were grouped into predisposing, enabling, and need factors. The predisposing factors were maternal age, education, media exposure, religion, household size, The knowledge of the fertile period, and women’s autonomy. The enabling factors were household wealth, employment status, health insurance, partner’s education, financial inclusion, and barriers to accessing healthcare. The need factors were pregnancy wantedness and spousal violence during pregnancy. Data were analyzed using Stata 14. Two multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Nearly two-thirds (65.0%) of primiparous women delayed first antenatal care contact. Maternal age, maternal education, media exposure, religion, household membership, and knowledge of the fertile period were predisposing factors that significantly influenced the likelihood of delayed first antenatal care contact. Also, household wealth, employment status, health insurance, partner’s education, perception of distance to the health facility, and financial inclusion were enabling factors that had significant effects on delayed first antenatal care contact. Pregnancy wantedness was the only need factor that significantly influenced the likelihood of delayed first antenatal care contact. Conclusion The majority of primiparous women in Nigeria delayed first antenatal care contact and the delay was predicted by varied predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Therefore, a public health education program that targets women of reproductive age especially primiparous women is needed to enhance early antenatal care contact in the country.
Using Andersen’s behavioral model of health care use for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria
(BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2023) Solanke Bola Lukman
Background Studies in Nigeria and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) have explored factors influencing usage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp). Most studies, however, are not model or theory based, which provides less satisfactory guidance to malaria control programming. This study fills the knowledge gap by adapting Andersen’s behavioral model of health care use to IPTp usage in Nigeria. Methods This study adopted a cross-sectional design that utilized secondary data extracted from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). A weighted sample of 4,772 women who had given birth in the past year preceding the survey, was analyzed. Outcome variable was usage of IPTp, dichotomized into optimal or otherwise. Explanatory variables cut across individual and community levels and were divided into predisposing, enabling and need factors in line with the theoretical constructs of the Andersen model. Two multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors which influenced optimal usage of IPTp. Analyses were performed using STATA 14. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results Realised level of optimal IPTp usage was 21.8%. Factors that either predispose or enable pregnant women to take optimal doses of IPTp were maternal education, being employed, being autonomous in their own healthcare, health insurance enrolment, partner education, receiving antenatal care in public health facilities, rural residence, being resident in northern geo-political zones, community literacy level and community perception of the consequences of malaria. Two significant need factors affecting optimal usage of IPTp were timing of the first antenatal care visit and sleeping under mosquito bed nets. Conclusion Optimal usage of IPTp is low among pregnant women in Nigeria. There is a need to devise additional public health educational programs promoting IPTp usage through the formation of Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilisation (ACSM) in every ward in all local government areas, particularly in the rural and northern parts of the country. In addition, health planners should adopt the Andersen model for assessing key determinants of IPTp usage among childbearing women in Nigeria.